Bakgrund: Astma är en kronisk inflammatorisk luftvägssjukdom som är vanligt förekommande i alla åldersgrupper. Över 300 miljoner människor världen över beräknas ha sjukdomen.Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka om den orala hälsan hos barn med astma skiljer sig från den orala hälsan hos barn utan astma.Metod: Metoden som användes var en allmän litteraturstudie och litteratursökningarna gjordes i den medicinska databasen PubMed. Resultatet baseras utifrån en sammanställning av 13 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna var kliniska studier och 11 av dessa hade en kontrollgrupp där barn med och utan astma jämfördes. Övriga två artiklar studerade antingen hur den orala hälsan påverkades av kombinationsbehandling med specifika läkemedel eller jämförde den orala hälsan hos barn med olika duration och medicinering mot astma.Resultat: Några av de inkluderade studierna fann att barn med astma hade en ökad kariesförekomst jämfört med barn utan astma, medan andra studier visade att det inte fanns någon skillnad mellan grupperna.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine how children interact with each other and what social positions they assume when using the learning pad. The social positions reffered to is the Owner, the Participant and the Spectator, defined by Ljung Djärf (2004). According to Ljung Djärf (2004), the Owner is defined as the one in control of the mouse and keyboard. The Owner is expected to be in charge of what is happening on the screen. The Participant is typically found on a chair near the computer.

The viscosity of air buildings is a hot topic within the construction performers, which the industry feel they have too little knowledge about. This study is mainly aimed against air density in apartment buildings and airflow measurement. The study consists of a theoretical reference, educational visit, interviews and a survey conducted among construction workers at Magistratshagen in Linkoping.Earlier requirement in terms of air leakage through the climate screen was removed and today there are only energy requirement for a dwelling in Boverkets Building Regulations. The difference between a passive and a typical air tight construction is that the passive house have a maximum requirement of 0.3 l /s m2 of air leakage through the building climate screen. The requirement imposed on passive houses is to minimize the supply of power and energy for heating the building.Air tight constructions have heavy demands on the performance and accuracy of everyone involved with the project. The client must specify their requirements and also be prepared to pay for any additional costs. The architect and building planners have to design the building with regard to air tightness. Finally, the construction workers are required to do a careful work in order to get all the connections in the building air tight.The study suggests that an air tight building is a closed system where no forced ventilation exists. There are no reasons not to build too tight as long as there is a functioning ventilation. In this study the authors ask themselves how an air tight building changes over time. No theoretical information has been found on these changes, but the respondents assume that air density decreases with time. The deterioration is mainly assumed to be caused by construction materials changes over time. The study shows that construction workers knowledge of air tight construction is mixed, which they themselves admit in the survey..

The purpose of the study was to examine if Talking Mats® couldsupport communication and participation for people with Huntington?sdisease, carers and a dental hygienist in conversation about oral care. Elevendyads, a person with Huntington's disease and a carer, participated.Conversations with and without mats were video recorded and compared.Each participant responded to a questionnaire about how they experiencedthe conversations. Analysis with Effectiveness Framework of FunctionalCommunication showed that two participants increased their communicativeeffectiveness using Talking Mats®. Feelings of participation increased forall participants and were significantly higher for participants withHuntington's disease.

Lip force has been found to affect the ability to achieve satisfying speech production and swallowing. A normative value for lip force in adults has been measured to 15 Newton (N). Corresponding value for children measured with Lip Force Meter 100 (LF100) does not exist. In the current study lip force was measured in children between the ages of five and ten years. The aim of the study was to obtain normative values for children with typical development in separate age groups.

Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att ge en överblick i vad cannabis är för drog samt en överblick över fysiologisk påverkan samt orala följder och risker vid bruk av cannabis. Det kan konstateras att patienter som brukar eller missbrukar cannabis placeras i en riskgrupp för inflammationer och infektioner i munhålan. Exempel på sjukdomstillstånd som cannabisbrukare är utsatta för är gingivit, parodontit, xerostomi, karies, oral cancer, cannabis stomatit och candida albicans. Cannabis påverkar nästintill alla system i kroppen, speciellt det kardiovaskulära- och respiratoriska systemet samt immunsystemet. En direkt påverkan av den aktiva substansen delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) på det kardiovaskulära systemet kan leda till en hjärtrusning på grund av en förhöjd puls. Den aktiva substansen har även en direkt påverkan på immuncellernas aktivitet genom att ha en immunosuppressiv effekt på makrofager, T- och B-lymfocyter. Rökning av cannabis kan bidra till en kronisk inflammation av den orala mukosan.

Storytelling is a complex action that requires many linguistic and other cognitive abilities, like memory and attention. Resent research has shown a correlation between oral story retelling and picture arrangement among children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The present study analyzes if this correlation exists among a convenience sample of children from the general population. 77 children between 3:11 and 9:0 years old accomplished Bus Story Test and a picture arrangement task from WISC III. Significant correlations was found between picture arrangement and Bus Story Test?s subscores sentence length, subordinate clauses and information.

Introduktion: Enligt FN:s barnkonvention ska alla barn ha rätt till god hälsa och rätt till sjukvård, som även innefattar tandvård. Sveriges tandvårdslag beskriver hur tandvården ska ge vård på lika villkor till hela befolkningen samt ansvara för gratis tandvård till och med 19 års ålder. Det finns olika orala sjukdomar bland barn och karies är den mest vanliga. Sjukdomsprevalensen ser olika ut i världen och förebyggande insatser som goda kost- och egenvårdsvanor, fluor och regelbunden tandvård är avgörande.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva hur föräldrars socioekonomiska faktorer påverkar barns orala hälsa.Frågeställningar: Vilken betydelse har föräldrars socioekonomiska faktorer för barns orala hälsa?Metod: En litteraturstudie baserat på vetenskapliga studier från databaserna PubMed och Cinahl.Resultat: Resultatet visar att barns oral hälsa kan påverkas av föräldrarnas socioekonomiska faktorer.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur den svenska gymnasieskolans förändringar sedan början av 1970-talet har påverkat en enskild lärares yrkesliv. Frågeställningarna lyder som följer; Vilka förändringar har skett i den svenska gymnasieskolan sedan början av 1970-talet? Hur har dessa förändringar påverkat en enskild lärares yrkesliv? För att uppnå mitt syfte och besvara mina frågeställningar har jag använt mig av en muntlig källa och av flera skriftliga källor. Mitt teorikapitel innefattar tre avsnitt; undersökningen Nära gränsen, gjord av Arbetslivsinstitutet, samt begreppen oral history och livshistoria. Förändringarna i den svenska gymnasieskolan sedan 1970-talet fungerar som en bakgrundsteckning.

The aim of the study was to describe the oral health development among patients at the Public Dental Care clinic in Bromölla who made an agreement regarding Healthy Dental Care during the years 2001 and 2004, compared with patients who did not made such an agreement. The study material was obtained from dental journals in total at 150 patients. Data regarding age, sex, health status, tobacco use, plaque- and gingivitis values, pocket depht, initial- and manifest caries, risk assessments, preventive measures by dental personel and acute dental care between year 2001 and 2004 was obtained from dental results. Almost twice as many man made an agreement compared to women. Tobacco use was higher in control group both 2001 and 2004.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sambandet mellan cigarrettrökning och paro-dontit.Metod: Studien bygger på en allmän litteraturstudie som sammanställer aktuell forsk-ning inom det valda ämnesområdet. Detta studerades genom att granska olika studiers koppling mellan parodontit och cigarrettrökning. Studien baseras på 15 kvantitativa artiklar som söktes via PubMed och Sience Direct.Resultat: Resultatet visade att det fanns ett samband mellan parodontit och cigarrett-rökning. Rökning var den främsta beteendemässiga riskfaktorn för uppkomst av paro-dontit. Rökare uppvisar ett mer ohälsosamt beteende och negativ attityd till allmän hälsa.

The present study examines in a longitudinal perspective earlyspeech development in children with partial isolated cleft palate comparedwith children with unilateral cleft lip and palate and children with typicaldevelopment. The groups were compared regarding consonant production at18 months, 3 and 5 years. The results showed that speech development inchildren with isolated cleft palate did not differ significantly from that inchildren with typical development except for production of oral fricatives at18 months. The children with unilateral cleft lip and palate had significantlymore speech deviations at all ages. The children in both cleft palate groupshad significantly higher hearing thresholds at all ages.

We are getting smarter. Our knowledge of the world around us is increasing rapidly and our population spend a big portion of their time in school studying it. But art and craft are moving out to give room for more theoretical subjects. Today many of us can not even fix a torn shirt without help. We buy new ones, they are cheap enough.

The aim of our study is to ascertain whether a hanging suspension fluorescentlamp for a private home environment is going to be attractive for a largeaudience. We want to open up for new uses of fluorescent lamps as lightsources.The main approach in this work is how to design a fixture with fluorescentlamps as a light source that will meet the requirements and requests of thehome environment could look like. At the same time we want to make a newimpression of how a fluorescent light source.Primarily we used a quantitative method, but this was rejected after a pilotstudy. Instead we used a qualitatively based method in the sense that weconducted a group interview as well as individual interviews.Based on data from the interviews and our preliminary work a prototype wasbuilt. This prototype is a fluorescent fixture equipped with 2x14W T5fluorescent lamps, dimmed separately.

In the school subject of the natural sciences it is imperative that the students are given opportunities to ?talk science?, since the dialogues that occur in the classroom have a significant importance for the students? abilities to engage in meaning-making in their learning process. Hence, the student and teacher interaction in the classroom and the feedback given there play a significant role in the students? learning process. The aim of this study is to contribute to the development of formative assessment tools that can mediate the students? meaning-making in natural sciences subjects in upper-secondary school.