During the last years, meticillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have caused an increasing number of infections in Swedish dogs. MRSP is resistant against a majority of the antimicrobials available for dogs in Sweden, making it difficult to treat the infection. Our knowledge of the bacterium is limited, making it hard to handle infected dogs in a proper way. The aim of this study was to investigate for how long time dogs, who have an infection caused by MRSP, become carriers of the bacterium. Other factors like treatment with antimicrobials, the correlation between clinical symptoms and carriage, common diagnoses and institutionalization where also looked upon.

Detta projekt har varit ett första försök för studenten att använda sig av tjänstedesign i ett verkligt projekt. Problemet har varit att i sjukvården idag finns stora problem med att bakterier och virus som vinterkräksjukan slår ut hela avdelningar som tvingas stänga till stora kostnader. Vinterkräksjukan a?r högst smittsamt och det räcker med att någon glömmer tvätta händerna ordentligt fo?r att det ska sprida sig på en avdelning.I detta arbete har tjänstedesign metodik använts för ta reda på varför det förekommer smitta på ortopedkliniken på Centralsjukhuset i Karlstad och vad som kan göras för att förbättra handhygienen och minska risken för smittspridning på ortopedkliniken.Observationer genomfördes på kliniken ur patienters, sjuksköterskors samt läkares perspektiv. Tjänstedesignmetoder som customer journeys och desktop walkthrough användes fo?r att visualisera patienters resor genom kliniken och skapa lösningar ihop med läkare och sjuksköterskor fo?r att skapa möjligheter till bättre handhygien.Resultatet blev ett koncept som ökar synligheten av de handspritstationer som finns samt ett förslag på hur dessa stationer ska placeras ut på kliniken fo?r att ge bästa lättillgänglighet för sjukhuspersonal, patienter och besökare.Namnet ?Att göra en Albin? myntades efter att en fältstudie genomförts på ortopedkliniken utav en av projektets kontaktpersoner pa? landstinget i Värmland.Litteraturstudier gjordes också på hur tjänstedesign använts i vårdutveckling, både nationellt och internationellt, och hur tjänstedesign kan bidra till en bättre vård.Uppdragsgivare har varit Tomas Edman på Innovationsslussen Vivan.Arbetet har gjorts i kursen Examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i Innovationsteknik och design (MSGC12) på Karlstads universitet.

During the last decades major changes has occurred at the financial markets, meaning an increasing supply and a greater variation of financial instruments. The saving habits of the Swedish people have gone from traditional bank deposits to investments in equities, funds and bonds. All this together with the great rise in the stock market at the late 90?s has brought words like risk and return up-to-date, and is the background to the development of a new law concerning financial advising which come into force the 1th of July 2004. The contents of the thesis can be described as three bricks, representing the survey questions.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the process of implementing a quality management system for food safety was handled in four different food producing companies in Sweden. The aim was also to analyze what difficulties the companies face and the possibilities that arise when certified. Furthermore, the reason for implementation was discussed as well as the main expectations on the certificate. Implementing a quality management system is a good way of ensuring the quality and hygiene of the food production and it also increases the traceability of food products through the whole food chain. A food safety standard provides a method of preventing problems and crisis and it can also help to handle requirements from authorities, the market and others.

Skiftbytesrapportering är en viktig del i sjuksköterskans dagliga arbete. Det existerar ett antal metoder för rapportering och gemensamt för dessa är att de syftar till att överföra patientinformation mellan olika arbetsskift. Den information som kommuniceras genom skiftbytesrapporten ska ligga till grund för planering av den fortsatta omvårdnaden av patienten och är av stor betydelse för patientsäkerheten. Föreliggande studie syftar till att beskriva de olika rapporteringsmetoder som används på vårdavdelningarna vid Universitetssjukhuset MAS (UMAS) i Malmö, samt vilka olika för- och nackdelar som sjuksköterskorna upplever med olika metoder. Studien genomfördes i två steg.

Bilingualism and multilingualism have always existed in Sweden. Preschool teachers must provide a stimulating pedagogical environment adapted to bilingual children.The purpose of this examination is to study the perspective of the preschool teachers and their knowledge regarding bilingual and multilingual children. Their knowledge will be examined related to their language experiences. I hope to find similarities and dissimilarities in the preschool teachers? opinions concerning teaching and learning what they actually do when they are teaching.My study is based on qualitative method, based on interviews and repeated observations.

International research has shown that through the involvement of the school library and the school librarian in the daily school work with the pupils, the pupil´s learning can be increased and reading comprehensions significantly improved.One purpose of this master`s thesis is to study the school librarian as a brand, representing the school library as well as the school librarian and whether there is a correlation between different comprehensions of the professional role of the school librarian. This is done by examining whether there is a difference between a specific librarian´s own perception of their professional role, compared to the image of the school librarian among teachers and principals working in the same school district and by comparing the profile the school librarian expresses with the image that is conveyed through communications via webpage, written and oral information given on services and competences provided by the school librarian and work carried out by her.A difference of comprehension of the school librarian´s competence and work, could be part of an explanation as to why the correlation between the involvement of school librarians in the school work and the improved learning achievements of the pupils has not resulted in the expected measures, regardless of the investments in school librarians and school libraries. The school librarians´ school identity could be difficult to establish. Whether or not the profiles and images of the professional role are consistent with each other is a much more manageable purpose which could go a long way of explaining the circumstances of the school libraries.That is the reason why we have examined whether the comprehension the school librarians have of themselves corresponds with the idea/ conception/ image conveyed to their surroundings, and with the idea/conception/image encompassed by people in their immediate surroundings..

AimThe study aims were to identify young adults? sources of nutritional advice on the Internet and how they perceive the credibility of these. The study also aimed at exploring young adults' knowledge of national recommendations issued by the National Food Agency.MethodA web-based survey was distributed on the social media platform Facebook. The questionnaire contained a total of 14 questions regarding online nutritional advice and its credibility. Finally, it requested the respondent's knowledge and credibility of the national nutritional recommendations.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om oral administrering av två milliliter 30 % glukos har någon smärtlindrande effekt vid vaccination mot mässling, påssjuka och röda hund [MPR]. Metod: Urvalsgruppen bestod av 18 månader gamla barn som besökte Samariterhemmet- och Eriksbergs barnavårdcentral (interventionsgrupp) eller Flogsta barnavårdcentral (kontrollgrupp) för en 18-månaderskontroll och MPR-vaccination under tiden för studien. Totalt deltog 24 barn, interventionsgruppen bestod av 14 barn och kontrollgruppen bestod av 10 barn. Studien har genomförts med en kvantitativ, kvasi-experimentell design. Vid observation av deltagarna mättes skriktid samt föräldrarnas upplevelse av barnets smärta.

The Swedish public procurement correspond to approximately 400 milliard Swedish crowns every year which corresponds to about a fourth of the Swedish Gross National Product. Setting proper demands in the procurement is a useful tool to drive the development towards more environmentally adapted products and provisions. The Act on Public Procurement (Lagen om offentlig upphandling, 1992:1528) gives the municipalities opportunities to consider environmental properties during the procurement. This combined literature and empirical study investigates the experiences made by the three municipalities Ludvika, Borlänge and Smedjebacken during the process of certifying their school kitchens as organic in cooperation with KRAV. The main conclusion is that without compassion and curiosity for developing a green public procurement changes can be hard to implement.

Within the ambulance care in Uppsala County a vacuum splint is used to immobilize fractures on extremities. The research available on which method of immobilizing to prefer during pre-hospital treatment is limited. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the perceptions of the ambulance personal in Uppsala County on the issue of usability of SAM-splint and vacuum splint when immobilizing extremities. The project was also aimed at researching if SAM-splint could be seen as an alternative or a complement to vacuum splint, and to get an apprehension on any evident differences in patients? perceived pain when treated with the two different approaches. A descriptive comparative study was carried out. All patients, regardless of age and sex, with the need of immobilizing supposed fractures, were included.  Patients with suspected femur fracture, collum fracture, or where pre-hospital care was not possible or in question, was excluded.

The purpose with this study was to systematically examine scientific studies of audiologic group rehabilitation. The definition of audiological rehabilitation was explored, different variables that influence the result and how the outcome measures should be done and its relationship with the goals of audiologic rehabilitation. The method used was a literature study. Pubmed and Cinahl were used for the search of literature. Some articles were searched from scientific studies reference lists and also advice from the supervisor.The result from the different studies shows that the effect of rehabilitation varies as there are many aspects that have an affect on the outcome measure.

Bakgrund: Årligen drabbas miljoner patienter världen över av vårdrelaterade infektioner, vilket representerar ett folkhälsoproblem och ett hotmot patientsäkerheten. Enligt WHO måste varje land därför vidta och fokusera på åtgärder som att förbättra hygienrutiner hos vårdpersonalen, för att minska andelen vårdrelaterade infektioner.Syfte: Att få insyn, förståelse och fördjupad kunskap i hur chefer på ett akutsjukhus i Stockholm arbetar för patientsäkerhet genom följsamhet till hand-, kläd-och hygienrutiner. Hur upplevsföljsamhet till hygienrutinerna vara, ses svårigheter, hur ser praxis för ansvar och uppföljning av följsamheten till hygienrutinernaut?Målet är att kunna ge förslag och inspiration till hur följsamhet till hygienrutiner kan optimeras på det sjukhus där studien utförts, även som inspiration till andra vårdgivare.Metod: 41 chefer på olika nivåer intervjuades. Kvalitativ forskningsansats valdes och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes som analysmetod.Resultat: Chefer upplever att följsamheten till hygienrutiner generellt är god, men kan skilja sig åt mellan yrkeskategorier.

Introduktion: Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) utgör ett omfattande problem. Omkring en tredjedel av alla VRI anges möjliga att förhindra och lösningen består i hygienrutiner. Undersökningar visade att följsamheten till dessa var långtifrån tillfredsställande. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att klargöra några tänkbara smittvägar och identifiera faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans följsamhet till hygienrutiner samt se effekter av försök att öka följsamheten. Metod: Resultaten baseras på 17 vetenskapliga artiklar.

AbstractThis study deals with Swedish upper secondary school teachers' approaches to an expanded text concept. Attitudes mediated through media as well as ?the new languages? that media give rise to, imply new conditions for the activities in school. As a necessary adaptation to the new conditions given by the media forces, the Swedish upper secondary school 1994 incorporated ?an expanded text concept? in the syllabus for the Swedish language.The focus of the study is how Swedish upper secondary school teachers' work to meet and challenge the students' in an expanded text concept.