The aim of this study is to analyse how pupils in grade three use punctuation and howthey divide texts into sentences. The material in the study consists of 41 texts by pupils,divided into two types: narrative text and analytical text, written both by pupils withSwedish as their first language and by pupils with Swedish as their second language. Inthe study the pupils? use of connectives and comma splices has been studied, and therelationship between graphical and syntactical sentences in the texts. The studycompares the results for narrative and analytical texts and the differences between L1and L2 pupils.

Three-dimensional computer graphics enjoys a wide range of applications of which games and movies are only few examples. By incorporating three-dimensional computer graphics in to a simulator the simulator is able to provide the operator with visual feedback during a simulation. Simulators come in many different flavors where flight and radar simulators are two types in which three-dimensional rendering of large terrains constitutes a central component.Ericsson Microwave Systems (EMW) in Skövde is searching for an algorithm that (a) can handle terrain data that is larger than physical memory and (b) has an adjustable error metric that can be used to reduce terrain detail level if an increase in load on other critical parts of the system is observed. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate existing algorithms for terrain rendering in order to find those that meet EMW: s requirements. The objectives are to (i) perform a literature survey over existing algorithms, (ii) implement these algorithms and (iii) develop a test environment in which these algorithms can be evaluated form a performance perspective.The literature survey revealed that the algorithm developed by Lindstrom and Pascucci (2001) is the only algorithm of those examined that succeeded to fulfill the requirements without modifications or extra software.

This thesis aims to answer the following questions: What type of vocabulary is used in the humanities? What does this implicate when it comes to indexing in the humanities? How do humanities scholars seek information and what type of information do they need? What consequences does this have when it comes to the development of humanities databases? How is the MLA International Bibliography organized? How does its indexing system ? CIFT ? work? How does the MLA International Bibliography correspond with the needs of the humanities scholar? The study shows that the type of vocabulary used in the humanities differs significantly from that used in the sciences. Therefore, information retrieval is often said to be problematic in the humanities when compared to the sciences. This is, however, not completely true. If consideration is taken to the different type of vocabulary used in the humanities, subject access proves to be more straightforward than has been generally recognized.

Previous research indicates that the academic journal in many cases is the most valuable and important source of information in scientific work. The aim of this study is to investigate students usage of academic journals in comparison to their usage of other document types, as illustrated by the citations given in LIS students master theses 1999-2001. By comparing the students use of LIS journals with the use of LIS journals by international scholars we also wish to examine whether students and scholars use the same journals in their work. The international scholars are represented by references given in LIS journals 1999-2001, recorded by the citation index Journal Citation Reports. Questions: 1.

Syfte:Studiens syfte var att utifrån aspekterna stress, nervositet och ängslan/oro undersöka om idrottsutövaren upplever dessa känslotillstånd som positivt eller negativt för prestationen.Studiens frågeställningar var: Hur kan positiv och negativ stress/nervositet upplevas påverka prestationen hos manliga ishockeyjuniorer? På vilket sätt upplever de manliga ishockeyjuniorerna att människor i omgivningen påverkar deras stress-/nervositetsnivå? Vad upplevs påverka prestationen mest positivt och negativt; somatisk oro, kognitiv oro eller tankar rörande självförtroende? Hur är de relaterade till varandra? Vad upplevs påverka prestationen mest; positiv eller negativ feedback? Vad händer med prestationen vid positiv/negativ oro?Metod:Metod som valdes till denna studie var dels ett påståendeformulär, CSAI-2R, (som undersöker hur olika känslotillstånd upplevs påverka prestationen) samt intervjuer. Formuläret låg till grund för intervjuerna, som studiens största tyngd lades på.Undersökningspersonerna var män i åldrarna 17-21 och spelade ishockey i ett juniorlag på elitserienivå. Påståendeformuläret fylldes i av 18 personer och av dessa valdes fyra stycken ut för intervju beroende på svar som av oss ansågs intressanta för studien. Kontakt med denna klubb togs via e-post och tillgång till J20-laget gavs.Sökningar efter relevant litteratur till bakgrundsdelen genomfördes i Idrottshögskolans bibliotekskatalog.Resultat och slutsats:Hela undersökningsgruppens resultat av påståendeformuläret kommer ej att redovisas.

Syftet med denna studie var att utveckla fördjupade kunskaper om bedömningshandlingar i matematikklassrummet utifrån ett elevperspektiv och två frågeställningar ställdes:Vad kännetecknar de bedömningshandlingar som kommuniceras under matematiklektioner?Hur uppfattar elever de bedömningshandlingar de tar emot och ger under matematiklektioner utifrån sitt lärande och sin utveckling?Studien genomfördes i form av en fallstudie i en skolklass årskurs fyra. Klassrumsobservationer och elevintervjuer användes för insamling av empiriskt material. Resultatet visar att de bedömningshandlingar som kommuniceras i matematikklassrummet till stor del är handlingar som i forskning beskrivs som gynnsamma för lärandet. Några observationer och uppfattningar skiljer sig i resultatet.

The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate the differences between the traditional way of conducting a reference interview and the electronic way. The main questions of this thesis are: How does the electronic reference interview appear in comparison to the traditional one? How do the librarians experience the differences? Is quality affected in the electronic reference interview? Examples from Fråga biblioteket Ask the Library have been used in this study. The method used in the investigation is based on qualitative interviews in combination with studies of relevant and recent literature. The librarians interviewed all have experience from both traditional and electronic reference work.

This thesis discusses main problems associated with dictionary-based Cross-Language Information Retrieval as lexical and translational ambiguity of query terms, translation of compounds and phrases, dictionary limitation. The purpose of the study is to investigate how query structure influences the effectiveness of CLIR regarding performance of three query types: original query, unstructured query and structured query. Query structuring refers to the application of #syn-operator to group query terms. The study comprises an experiment that was performed in the InQuery IR system with TrecUta database that contains 550,000 news articles from different American newspapers. 24 topics were used for the experiment.

AbstractHerbivores can be classified into either hiders or followers depending on their postpartum behaviour. The two behaviour types affect the spatial relationship between the mother and her infant. Goats are seen as hiders, although the environment plays a central role when it comes to the behaviour. Therefore, in the first part of this study the aim was to investigate how the goat kids? spatial relationship changed in the transition from indoor housing to pasture.

In a city sometimes conflicts arise between either to save the species-rich vacant lots where many species thrive, or to build new buildings. Green roofs can then serve as a refuge for plants and animals that have had their natural habitat destroyed or diminished. Today we know too little about green roofs contribution to the biodiversity in the cities. We also know very little about how various types of vegetation on roof can increase biodiversity and its ability to attract different species.The aim with this study was to examine how different types of vegetation on the roofs affect the biodiversity of the invertebrate and how species-composition and number of individuals differ between the roof- and groundlevel.This study has been carried out on Augustenborg Botanical Roof Gardens in Malmo, and in an area about 1.5 kilometers away from Augustenborg. Three different types of vegetation on the roof and ground floor were selected: sedum- ruderal and grass.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur arbetsledarens identitet påverkas av så kallade strukturella faktorer såsom förväntningar, utbildning, feedback, tidigare och nuvarande chefer samt företagskultur men även en aktörsbaserade faktor, föräldraskapet. Dessa faktorer studeras ur ett internt och rekryteringsperspektiv. Undersökningen baseras på intervjuer med åtta arbetsledare på Tetra Pak. Inom Tetra Pak sker identitetsreglering men den synes inte vara avsiktlig eller särskilt stark från företagets sida. Arbetsledare får lov att utöva en egen ledarstil men är ändå påverkade av kulturen.

Single vehicle accidents are one of the most common types of accidents that occur on the Swedish road network. Depending on the design of the road, the presence of a crash barrier and embankment on the roadside, the outcome of a roadside collision can lead to serious injuries and even deaths.The aim of this project is to investigate the possibility of improving road safety by designing the optimal roadside area based on the results of a life cycle cost analysis (LCC).The questions that have been answered during the duration of this project are:1) Describe the current technical solutions for roadside area design and the various barrier types used in Sweden.2) Complete an existing mathematical model that has been developed by Hawzheen Karim, for calculating life-cycle costs for various roadside areas.3) Calculate and compare the life cycle costs for the side area with a barrier and without a barrier.By performing an analysis of the documentation on the current guidelines and rules for shaping the roadside, was it possible to describe the current technical solutions for the formation the roadside as well as the current roadside barriers in use today. A mathematical model for calculating the life cycle costs of different barrier types had already been developed by Hawzheen Karim. This model was supplemented so that it could calculate life-cycle costs of the roadside region with and without a barrier. After the model was completed, an analysis was performed to obtain life-cycle costs of a roadside with and without a barrier.The result showed that there is a clear relationship between the slope inclination, fill height, and the rate at which the costs rise.

Byggbranschen har blivit kritiserad för att vara en bransch där tidspress och underprioriterad syn på lärande varit ett hinder för erfarenhetsåterföring. Rapportens syfte är att objektivt studera erfarenhetsåterföring inom Midroc Entreprenad för att om möjligt utläsa huruvida önskad, kontra faktisk erfarenhetsåterföring sker idag samt ge förbättringsförlag. För att göra detta har en teoretisk grund lagts med utgångspunkt i litterära studier inom kunskapsöverföring, lärande och erfarenhetsåterföring. Analys är underbyggd i intervjuer och enkätundersökning utförda på Midroc Entreprenad.Det finns få direktiv för hur erfarenhetsåterföring bör genomföras bara att det ska göras efter avslutat projekt, vilket efterföljs. De lärdomar som diskuteras vid avslut förmedlas till stor del muntligt, därav har förslag till dokumentation och annan distribuering lagts fram.

Bakgrund och problemformulering: Sjuksköterskan har ett brett kompetensområde med stort ansvar. Den nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskan behöver en god introduktion, där möjlighet att uppöva sin yrkesskicklighet finns. Stöd och feedback från kollegor är viktigt, då stress och utbrändhet är vanligt och påverkar den nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskans välbefinnande. När en sjuksköterska upplever ohälsa och utsatthet på grund av stress, kan kvalitén på vården påverkas.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av sin arbetssituation.Metod: En litteraturstudie som bygger på vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ metod. Evans (2003) modell för innehållsanalys har varit utgångspunkten under analysarbetet.Resultat: Tre huvudteman och nio subteman identifierades under analysarbetet.

The purpose of this essay is to perform a comparative study of first a pedagogical/rhetorical and then a therapeutic method, to help students overcome their speech anxiety. My choice stayed at focusing on the academic world and the benefits offered to mainly students. I have chosen two institutions with long experience of work with speech anxiety: Instutionen of Swedish, rhetoric and journalism at Södertörns Högskola and Student Health at Uppsala University. I want to find the advantages and disadvantages of the two universities and in no way define what is more favorable..