This thesis seeks to investigate how an agreed written form requirement is met in an electronic environment. Swedish Contract law is applied since Sweden lack specific regulation for electronically closed agreements. Since contractual freedom prevails in Swedish law, it is up to the parties themselves to decide if the formal requirements to be applied.In order to assess whether the written requirement is fulfilled in the electronic environment, a purpose-oriented analysis should be made. When the purpose of why a written form requirement applies has been clarified, the analysis continues to assess whether the objective can be achieved with the modern form of communication. The method is called functional equivalence and means that when an electronic media fulfill the same functions as the paper medium so will the electronic medium as a starting point to give the same legal effect as if it were the case of a written paper document.

I uppsatsen undersöker jag hur handelsavtal påverkar handelsströmmarna mellan länder. Engenomgång av de olika handelsteorierna görs med en början hos de klassiska teorierna för attdärnäst gå vidare med de nya handelsteorierna. Utgångspunkten i uppsatsen är teorin om navoch-eker system med fokus på Barcelona processen, avtalet mellan EU och Chile samtavtalet mellan EU och Ryssland. Här kan det påvisas att handel påverkas positivt när länderingår avtal med varandra. För att få den största effekten på handel krävs ett samarbete utöverett borttagande av tullar mellan länderna men eftersom det tar ett tag att anpassa sig till denya förhållandena som ett avtal innebär är det svårt att på ett tidigt stadium avgöra avtaletseffekter.

I den här uppsatsen analyserar jag protagonisten Jean-Baptiste Clamences moraliska utveckling i Albert Camus? roman Fallet. Jag använder A.J. Greimas aktantmodell och dennes utveckling av Vladimir Propps funktionsanalys för att nå mitt syfte. Jag föreslår även en kombination av de båda teorierna till ett schema, aktantfunktionsschemat, som jag använder för att tolka Clamences moraliska utveckling.Genom aktant-funktionsanalysen visar det sig hur Clamence gradvis djupnar och växer fast i sitt fall och sin skuld.

The cultural policy area has a tendency to be seen as a consensus area, where there are no big conflicts between the parties. The aim of this master?s thesis is to study the moderate party?s cultural motion 2005/06Kr:233 with the party leader Fredrik Reinfeldt as first author. If consensus rules, the party?s ideology should not be visible in the motion, but the assumption in the thesis is that it is visible.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva det dagliga livet för yngre kvinnor med urininkontinens. Sju stycken kvinnor intervjuades och en öppen fråga ställdes för att få fram studiens syfte. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys genom Lundman & Hällgren Graneheim(2012) användes som analysmetod. Studiens resultat visade att urininkontinens förde med sig en rad konsekvenser för den unga kvinnan. I det dagliga livet innebar det att livet blev mindre aktivt och då var det främst påverkan på den fysiska aktiviteten kvinnorna tog upp och upplevde som ett problem.

The aim of this essay has been to show how the object America is constructed in two of the most used history books in Swedish high school. The theoretical framework used in this paper is based on the post-structural discourse analysis as presented by Michel Foucault. More specifically can be said that Foucault´s theories about formation of objects have been used as a tool to show how the image of America is constructed in the books. Later this paper also discuses which subject positioning the studied books take, also this inspired by Foucault´s theories.The study is presented with long quotes from the studied material to reach a transparency that enables the reader to see which dictums the conclusions are based on. This also makes it easy for the reader to judge whether or not the conclusions are reasonable.

I Sverige amputeras årligen cirka 2500 personer, merparten av dessa är benamputationer. Traumatiska amputationer är en av de mest kostsamma skadorna idag. Syftet med studien var att beskriva upplevelsen av att bli traumatiskt amputerad i en olycka eller efter en operation. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 11 artiklar analyserades. Resultatet kategoriserades utifrån Cullbergs faser; chockfasen, reaktionsfasen, bearbetningsfasen och nyorienteringsfasen.

During the last decade a number of studies have been published that investigate how the most fundamental aspect of political organization, the regime type, affects population health. The results unanimously show that citizens of democracies live longer and healthier lives than citizens of non-democracies. Many explanations for this have been suggested, among these are that democracies redistribute more and invest more in salutogenic resources, and that the tendency of dictatorships to control the media negatively affects the ability to spread information crucial to public health. When these mechanisms are controlled for, however, it turns out that democracy has a large residual correlation with for example life expectancy, which suggests that other mechanisms are also involved.In this paper two new mechanisms regarding the possible psychosocially mediated health effects of the regime type are investigated, namely political repression, and the possible negative effects this might have on the levels of chronic stress, and autonomy, which connects to a large previous literature in social epidemiology. In the paper an ecological cross-country design is used and country-level data, provided mainly by the World Bank and Freedom House, is analyzed with a simple multiple OLS-regression model.

The Swedish academic libraries have gone trough radical changes during the last decades. The development of information technology, the educational expansion and new pedagogical ways of learning within the higher educational system have changed the conditions, not only for the academic libraries, but also in many ways for the librarians. The aim of this Masters thesis is to examine how Swedish librarians experience their pedagogic role and task in the context of an academic library. The following four questions in this investigation were asked: How do the librarians experience the formal task that they have? How do the librarians experience the physical library environment? How do the librarians experience the co-operation with others involved in their work? How do the librarians experience their own pedagogic knowledge and competence in their daily practice? The study showed that these librarians believed the physical environment to be very important and is seen as a pedagogical tool in their daily work.

Background:Companies of today commonly search to gain competitive advantages throughout different forms of co-operation, one of which is referred to as Supply Chain Management. Although little research has been assigned to the topic of how to manage and control this type of relation, lately a growing number of academics has been arguing that ABC is an appropriate mean of controlling this type of relationships.Purpose:The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what degree the ongoing debate on the use of ABC as a mean of control within SCM correspond to the present theories related to ABC and SCM respectively.Research method:The thesis takes it?s starting point within the literature, meaning that the empirical information consists of published articles in the ongoing debate. This information is put in relation to the original theories concerning both topics.Conclusions:The results shown in the thesis in some content agrees with the ongoing debate referring to the positive aspects that could result from using ABC as a mean of control within SCM. However the main result of the study is the discovery of a lack of discussion concerning the problems that implementing ABC within SCM might implicate, a fact that we believe contributes to the mainly positive view on using ABC within Supply Chain Management..

I detta arbete behandlas polisens verksamhetsstyrning och nya metoder att redovisa de faktiska arbetsinsatserna samt hur dessa metoder att styra och mäta polisens arbete uppfattas av poliser på ingripandeenheten i Sundsvalls närpolisområde. Arbetet bygger på genomförda intervjuer med poliser på ingripandeenheten. Under kapitlet förklaringsmodell sker en genomgång av hur polisen styrs samt förändringen av polisens verksamhetsstyrning och den nya modell som implementerats. Resultaten från intervjuerna visar på att många poliser uppfattar den nya verksamhetsstyrningen som något negativt och en produkt av chefer för chefer. Intervjuerna ger även en bild av att många poliser inte är insatta i det arbetssätt som bör tillämpas i enlighet med den nya modellen.

Servera R&S AB is Sweden?s largest wholesale company within the restaurant and food service industry. Servera R&S AB is the daughter company to Axel Johnson AB, which in turn is a part of the Axel Johnson Group with Antonia Ax:son Johnson as the owner. Servera is a nation wide company with a business concept of offering a complete selection of merchandise and services to the professional food service market. The company is split into for different regions: the north region, the middle region, the southwest region, and the southeast region and has its headquarter in Stockholm.

The study was conducted at a business in the social service. The purpose was to examine how the business works with human resource planning. In order to answer the purpose two questions was formulated, which human resource planning strategy does the business use? And, how do businesses need to act according to the theory of strategic manpower to achieve human resource planning? Survey data collection was done through a qualitative research design, where interviews with five employees in the business took place.The study shows that the business is using a own made strategy in order to achieve human resource planning. The strategy consists of two steps, in step one they do an background analysis and step two a needs analysis where a goal- and responsibility description are designed and then a set of requirements.

In this thesis a transport system is sought after thatif realised in the city of Uppsala could provide bothwell-being to all its inhabitants and sustainability,here jointly refered to as liveability. It is found thatthe car dominated transport system that is inoperation today provides two fundamental values,namely accessibility in both time and space, whichsets it apart from other transport solutions. Thesetwo values are of immense importance for theliveability in our modern world. On the other handthe car dominated system decreases the liveabilityof Uppsala in several different ways. Some of theseproblems, it is argued, could be solved within thecar system, through the adoption of moreenvironmentally friendly cars etc., but otherproblems are inherent in the car system and willremain no matter what changes are made.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om staters förhållningssätt till human security i teori och praktik. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka om den kanadensiska definitionen av human security används som referensobjekt i policydokument från Norges och Sveriges nuvarande regeringar samt hos ländernas kriterier för verkställighetshinder av syriska medborgare. Uppsatsens metod är en jämförande fallstudie där verkställighetshinder och utvalda policydokument utgör analysenheterna. För att analysera dokument och ställningstaganden används kvalitativ textanalys.Fallstudien visar att båda länderna ser sig själva som föregångsländer inom human security, bland annat genom skapandet av strategier och handlingsplaner. Vidare visar studien att migrationsverken har olika tillvägagångsätt för verkställighetshinder till Syrien.