During the 1994 Italian elections many things were new for the voters. A new election system, new parties emerging where old traditional ones were dying out because of long ongoing corruption scandals that were coming up to the surface. In all this one man, Silvio Berlusconi, a famous Italian businessman, stepped in and with his two allied parties Lega Nord and Alleanza Nazionale he swept away the nation in a never before seen election campaign. Many things have been said about the motifs and the way he prosecuted the election campaign for the Forza Italia. But what I try to see for this thesis is the awereness in the Italian print media from this particular period - how and if the debate about an in just electoral campaign existed in the country from the date Silvio Berlusconi entered ?the playing field? as he called it and up to the days of election..

 Syftet med studien var att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors kunskaper och rutiner för positionering och mobilisering under operationer med en anestesitid över 3 timmar. Studien genomfördes som en kvantitativ enkätundersökning, med en kvalitativ aspekt. Data insamlades genom en enkät som lämnades ut till samtliga anestesisjuksköterskor på ett länssjukhus och ett länsdelssjukhus i Mellansverige. Resultatet visade att ca hälften av respondenterna önskar sig mer kunskap om vikten av positionering för att kunna förebygga skador. Anestesisjuksköterskor som ansåg sig ha tillräckliga kunskaper om positionering undersöker oftare patientens hudstatus inför en längre operation.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka behovet av indirekt eld och Close Air Support i militäraoperationer i bergsterräng och belysa vilka aspekter som påverkar nyttjandet av försvarsmaktensenheter och verkanssystem vid insatser i bergsmiljö. För att svara på syftet med uppsatsen har följande studiefråga ställts: Hur använde USA den grundläggande förmågan verkan för att påverka motståndaren under Operation Anaconda? Fallstudie och textanalys har använts som vetenskaplig metod och teknik för denna uppsats. Inledningsvis studerades texter om operation Anaconda och hur operationen genomfördes. Därefter studerades svenska doktriner och reglementen avseende teorier om grundläggande förmågor och hur verkan uppnås i striden.

In this thesis the aim is to explore the connection between International presence and Reconstruction of Postconflict states. The focus in this Analyse is the concept of CIMIC which is the institutional concept of Civil-Military Co-operation in International relations and a concept in Peacebuilding Theory. The cases, which are the empirical Material, is Afghanistan and Kosovo, two most-different cases.The theoretical framework is primarily consider the mechanisms successful for the Reconstruction process in general and within CIMIC in particular. This framework including both theories of State failure and International administered Territories as well as Models for Civil- Military Co-operation.The International presence in Postconflict Societies plays a big role, even thou it is very important that initiatives for rebuilding comes from the state within. The essence of CIMIC is the civil component and the military, operating in Peacebuilding and Reconstruction missions.

There are several competing views on how to best utilize air power. Following his quantitative study of air power, Robert Pape developed a theory which focuses on undermining the target state's military strategy. According to Pape it is possible to explain the outcome as a result of military vulnerability. This essay seeks to determine if Pape's theory can predict the outcome of Operation Unified Protector. By using a mixed methods approach on four hypotheses, it will be determined if the operation was a successful case of coercion, if NATO acted according to Pape's model and whether this achieved the desired effects or not. The results reveal that the theory could not successfully predict the outcome of the conflict.

This essay is a case study about the Swedish Armed Forces during the years 1988-2004; when it transformed from a force constructed to meet an invasion, to an international force with the primary mission to help subdue conflicts around the world. The essay uses texts and documents to examine what happened between these years and to find out what drove that change.By asking the questions A) ?What happened between the years 1988-2004?? and B) ?What is the difference between the Armed Forces in 1988 and in 2004??, it is possible to also ask C)?Why did the Swedish Armed Forces change??.The essay is divided into three main parts; 1) a theory-part focused on three main theories of international relations: liberalism, realism, and constructivism, 2) a historical case study examining the evolvement of the Armed Forces during these years, and 3) a conclusions section that uses thethree theories of international relations to examine why this change happened.In examining the historical period and making conclusions about the differences between these years it was also necessary to construct a scale of military power, on which the historical case study is based..

Then the language learning process and the approach in a preparatory class differs itself from a general class. The methods conducted in a preparatory class are not just focused on teaching as in a more traditional method. Achieving the objectives in a preparatory class depends on the individual student and the cohesion in the group. Students have different backgrounds and knowledge level, therefore it is extremely important that the teachers use different work methods in order to achieve and to promote the students' language development. The aim with this survey is to get the knowledge about what education methods is being used by teachers in a preparatory class.

Benchmarking is an established method of working which is often used in order to develop the quality of the organization. However, almost 70% of the organizations with benchmarking fail due to the lack of planning and structuring of the benchmarking exercise. Maintenance sections in the paper and pulp industry are one of those who have decided to conduct benchmarking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gain knowledge of how the maintenance sections in the paper and pulp industry deliberately structure and plan to use benchmarking as a driving force for quality development in the maintenance sections.The study is a hermeneutic case study. Telephone interviews and document analysis have been used as data acquisition methods.The results show that there is a lack of both planning and structuring in the benchmarking process, and lack of management commitment for quality improvements within industrial maintenance.

I detta arbete undersöktes och jämfördes begreppskoherens och attityd till fysik bland elever på fysik- respektive naturvetenskapsprogrammet vid gymnasieskolan Polhemskolan i Lund. Begreppskoherensen undersöktes med Force Concept Inventory som är ett omdiskuterat flervalstest från USA som ska mäta studenters begreppskoherens för kraftbegreppet inom den klassiska mekaniken. Eftersom många undersökningar visar att intresset för fysik minskar undersöktes också elevernas attityd till fysik med ett svenskt test av Likertmodell. Undersökningarna gjordes på elever som precis börjat åk 1 och på äldre elever som läst kursen Fysik A inom båda programmen. Resultatet av undersökningarna är att eleverna på fysikprogrammet har större begreppskoherens för kraftbegreppet än eleverna på naturvetenskapsprogrammet och att begreppskoherensen höjs efter Fysik A. Attityden till fysik är dessutom mer positiv på fysikprogrammet men eleverna på naturvetenskapsprogrammet har större spridning i attityd.

ABSTRACTGustafsson, J. & Söderqvist, N., ??The Island of Peace in the Sea of War? A newspaper study of Växjö city?s newspaper editorials regarding the conflicts of the Second World War in the Nordic countries?, Linnaeus University. A qualitative textual analysis delving into three local newspapers from Växjö city is in many ways the essence of this study. The main purpose of this study is to examine three key conflicts, the Winter War, Operation Weserübung and the Continuation War. Each conflict has been assessed in relation to the opinions advocated in the editorials of the three politically diverse newspapers.The theoretical basis for this study is founded on similar analysis made by Nybom, Johansson and Åmark who all have contributed to the content of this particular essay.

I chose to study how the Swedish Air force carries out their work with setting goals for their work to improve flight safety and compare this with how the Swedish nuclear power plant Forsmark performs their work with improving nuclear safety. The study showed that both organisations have a lot to improve on in their ways of how to work. Especially when it comes to engaging the employees in the process, both in letting the employees be a part of coming up with areas to work on and in letting the employees evaluate which progress that has been made. It also showed that both organisations need to improve their methods for evaluating the work that has been done. This is especially important for the Air Force which evaluates on many levels and locations and did not have a set standard for how to conduct the evaluation.

One of the big challenges for the European Union today lies in finding a common foreign policy for its 27 sovereign member states with their divided interests, experiences and traditions. New objectives set requirements on the Union to develop and intensify its military ability. The European Union´s view on when military force can be utilized sets concepts like sovereignty and intervention in focus. Can sovereignty be limited and if so can an intervention be justified? How did the Union argue regarding its participation in the intervention in Afghanistan, 2001? The Just War Theory gives the essay a normative framework against which to assess the Union´s view and guidelines for the use of military capabilities.

Dagligen kommer barn till sjukhus inför en planerad operation. De flesta barn är mer eller mindre ängsliga. De kommer till en okänd miljö och vet inte vad som ska hända. Att inte veta vad som ska hända skapar oro och rädsla. Barns oro och rädsla inför planerad operation kan även påverka barnets beteende negativt efter operationen med bland annat separationsångest och sömnsvårigheter.

Några av de stora sjöteoretiker som vi utbildas på idag var verksamma i en tid innan insatsförsvaret, men deras teorier anses fortfarande vara användbara idag. Idag genomför svenska flottan andra typer av insatser än på slutet av 1800-talet, då teoretikerna Mahan och Corbett var verksamma. Kriget ser inte likadant ut idag och både tekniken och taktiken har utvecklats. Är de teorier vi utbildas på, tillämpbara idag? Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka teorier om skydd av handelsfartyg och jämföra hur detta skydd genomförs i nutid med fokus på insatsen i Adenviken.

Sedan helikopterns introduktion har den använts på en olika sätt i många olika militäroperationer. Dess unika egenskaper gör den till en bra vapenplattform. Trots detta har dess roller inom modern krigföring aldrig riktigt definierats. Studien syftar till att ta reda på vilka roller helikoptern kan ha inom manöverkrigföring. Detta görs genom att analysera manöverkrigföringens utmärkande drag mot helikopterns utmärkande drag.