Aim with this literature review is to acqurie knowledge in medical, psychical, psychological and social problems evolving urine incontinence and it´s treatment metods, current legislations and the nurse´s approach towards the patient and transcultural care if the patient comes from another cultural.The results show that this problem affects the women´s life situation enormously above all it brings them a increased social isolation, helpless, sheme, psychological and sexual problems.the nurse should recognise demands and resource with the.by support of diagnostic care, patients can achive good health when there is enough resource patient to be able to support her in her efforts to achive balance i her daily life..

The purpose of this study was to examine if women's career was affected by becoming a mother after 35 years old. It was also our intention to discover if it was an intentional or an unintentional choice to postpone giving birth just for the sake of the career. We have read articles that are implying that women´s career possibilities, combined with children, is difficult and of current interest in today's society. Science has shown that it no longer appears to be women's main life objective to give birth but they now also wants a career. We wanted to shed some light on the subject from two different angles, so we looked both from the women's perspective and from the employer's perspective.

Aim: Through the review of scientific articles, this study aimed to identify which oral health-related quality of life instruments that have been used in studies to measure the oral health-related quality of life in older individuals and the application of such instruments.Method: The study is based on a systematic literature review, where 14 articles have been chosen and evaluated against a checklist. Result: The oral health-related quality of life instruments that have been used on individuals, 65 years and older, are OHIP-49, OHIP-14, OHIP-20 or OHIP-EDENT, GOHAI and OIDP. The instruments are used to examine factors associated with the oral health-related quality of life. Significant associations have been identified, among other things, between the number of teeth in static occlusion, dry mouth and the quality of the dentures, and oral health-related quality of life. Social and cultural associations have also been revealed.Conclusions: Today there exist several well functioning instruments that are used for research purposes.

Aim: Through the review of scientific articles, this study aimed to identify which oral health-related quality of life instruments that have been used in studies to measure the oral health-related quality of life in older individuals and the application of such instruments. Method: The study is based on a systematic literature review, where 14 articles have been chosen and evaluated against a checklist. Result: The oral health-related quality of life instruments that have been used on individuals, 65 years and older, are OHIP-49, OHIP-14, OHIP-20 or OHIP-EDENT, GOHAI and OIDP. The instruments are used to examine factors associated with the oral health-related quality of life. Significant associations have been identified, among other things, between the number of teeth in static occlusion, dry mouth and the quality of the dentures, and oral health-related quality of life. Social and cultural associations have also been revealed. Conclusions: Today there exist several well functioning instruments that are used for research purposes.

In 2003 the deciding political council in Bromölla municipality requested that an overhaul on the committee and public administration structure should be conducted. In the report Bromölla was characterized as a traditional organization with a low degree of change. This case study will examine why the organization previously has been reluctant to change its structure and why they are willing to do so now. In the pursuit of this objective I conducted document studies, interviews and observations. I have used theories on, institutional change and organizational culture to enlighten this.My findings shows that the traditionalists within the organization has greatly affected this reluctance towards change, in the deciding council 39 % of the representatives are 60 years or older.

In 2003 the deciding political council in Bromölla municipality requested that an overhaul on the committee and public administration structure should be conducted. In the report Bromölla was characterized as a traditional organization with a low degree of change. This case study will examine why the organization previously has been reluctant to change its structure and why they are willing to do so now. In the pursuit of this objective I conducted document studies, interviews and observations. I have used theories on, institutional change and organizational culture to enlighten this.My findings shows that the traditionalists within the organization has greatly affected this reluctance towards change, in the deciding council 39 % of the representatives are 60 years or older.

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the great difficulties that the nurse anesthetist encounter in their profession is to assess and estimate sleep depth versus signs of pain in the anesthetized patient. Based on a pre-operative appointment and the perioperative monitoring, an assessment of the patient is made. The experience that the nurse anesthetist has can make it easier to understand what subtile signs of the patient depends on. Purpose: With this in mind, the purpose of the pilot study was to try to find out if there are specific signs of pain during anesthesia and if the professional experience played a role. As a subsidiary aim the authors examined whether there were factors in the patient that the nurse anesthetist takes into account in the identification of pain during anesthesia.

ABSTRACT The persons whom the authorized nurse encounters in hospital wards and nursing homes are in great extent elderly persons. According to Wasserman (2000), about 30 to 40 percent among these, show signs of depression. To be aware of the signs of depression, and how an authorized nurse can support the patient is therefore of great value. The introduction to this study describes the symptoms of depression and how depression in elders is expressed. It also describes treatment possibilities and nursing aspects of concern.

SAMMANFATTNINGInledning:Att drabbas av stroke kan upplevas som en fruktansvärd och påfrestande händelse, både för patient och närstående. Det är hälso- och sjukvårdens ansvar att utbilda patienter och närstående genom individuellt anpassad information, på ett lyhört, empatiskt och respektfullt sätt. Information och handledning av sjuksköterskan ses därför som mycket viktigt för patient och närstående så att de får kontroll över den nya situationen de befinner sig i.Syfte: Att sammanställa aktuella vetenskapliga artiklar om vilka utbildningar som finns inom strokevård samt hur patienter och närstående upplever och påverkas av dessa.Metod: En litteraturstudie bestående av totalt 16 kvantitativa respektive kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Databaser som användes är PubMed och CINAHL.Resultat: Studiens resultat visar på att det finns olika metoder för utbildning av patient och närstående bland annat grupputbildning och individuell utbildning med både skriftligt och muntligt innehåll. Patienter och närstående upplever information och utbildning som något viktigt.

AbstractElderly people are going to be a growing number in Europe. Between one third are going to be 60 years or older at 2025. For Sweden the situation is going to be similar. A reduced muscle function could lead to complications for the individual to perform daily tasks and will lead to a higher rate for falling and getting bone fractures. The positive sides are that for men and women there are a possibility for maintaining physical function and strength even in older years.

Bakgrund: I palliativ vård var interaktionen mellan sjuksköterska och patient oerhört viktig för att patienten skulle uppleva sin sista tid både värdefull och fridfull. Tidigare forskning har dock visat att sjuksköterskans sätt att bemöta patienten inte alltid stämmer överens med patientens behov. Sjuksköterskan bär ansvaret för att vårdrelationen ska bli så bra som möjligt och därför måste kännedomen om patientens behov och önskemål finnas. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vad som värdesattes i den vårdande relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient vid palliativ vård. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie av åtta vetenskapliga artiklar har utförts med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys.

My thesis is a study of how the perception of booktalk aimed at kids and youngsters in the Swedish educational system has changed between 1932 and 2007. A discursive reading of articles in the magazine Biblioteksbladet provides the basis for my investigation. The thesis argues that an older "authoritaritan" and "traditional" discourse has given way for a more modern, "anti-authoritaritan" and "lust"-directed discourse. The older discourse was designed to make sure that young people were provided with a certain well-defined quantity of "approved" literature. The new discourse stresses the importance of fostering kids and youngsters with a positive and enthusiastic attitude towards reading in general.

Kommunikation är en central del i vårdmötet mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Det finns flera anledningar till att kommunikationen måste fungera, för att patienten ska få möjlighet att vara delaktig i vården och för att få information om behandling.Syftet med arbetet är att kartlägga vad som påverkar kommunikationen mellansjuksköterska och patient. Metoden är en litteraturstudie baserad på 13 artiklar somvi fick fram via sökning i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och Scopus.Kvalitetsgranskning har utförts utifrån kriterier utformade efter Willman, Stolt ochBahtsevanis (2011) mall. Resultatet I resultatet framkom fyra teman:kommunikation nödvändig för att bygga en relation, kommunikationen är intepersoncentrerad, patientens syn på kommunikation och kommunikationshinder.Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskorna har kunskap om hur kommunikation skallutföras. För att kommunikationen ska vara så god som möjligt krävs en relationmellan sjuksköterska och patient.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vikten av att sjuksköterskan kan skapa en god relation och inge trygghet till en patient som vårdas inom psykiatrisk vård. Vad det är som skapar denna trygghet i relationen mellan patient och vårdgivare? Litteraturstudien behandlar tio vetenskapliga artiklar, vars data analyserats enligt Fribergs principer för kvalitativa studier. Under resultatanalysen framträdde fyra teman kring att etablera trygghet; vad som främjar respektive hämmar trygghetskänslan ur patientens och sjuksköterskans perspektiv. Båda parter påverkar relationens kvalitet och klimat, och sjuksköterskan har i sin professionella yrkesroll större möjlighet och ansvar att upprätta och vidmakthålla en god relation än vad som kan åläggas en patient.

ABSTRACT The persons whom the authorized nurse encounters in hospital wards and nursing homes are in great extent elderly persons. According to Wasserman (2000), about 30 to 40 percent among these, show signs of depression. To be aware of the signs of depression, and how an authorized nurse can support the patient is therefore of great value. The introduction to this study describes the symptoms of depression and how depression in elders is expressed. It also describes treatment possibilities and nursing aspects of concern.