Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is involved in several physiological functions in mammals. Mostly, Se is bound to proteins, many of them with enzymatic functions. A group of seleno-depending enzymes, glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px?s), are important as antioxidants and protects against free radicals. The activity of GSH-Px is strongly regulated by Se storage in the liver.

Introduction: Each year 1200-1300 patients are diagnosed with head neck cancer. Treatment that involves radiotherapy can cause severe side effects for example trismus that affects quality of life.Purpose: To study health-related quality of life in patients who have undergone radiation treatment for head and neck cancer and participated in a intervention group who received training intended to prevent trismus or in a control group who received standard treatment.Method: This is a prospective study in which data is collected from 66 patients participating in a randomized study aiming to evaluate a training program to prevent trismus. Thirty three participated in the intervention group and thirty three in the control group. Both patient groups assessed health related quality of life (HRQOL) with EORTC QLQ C30 and QLQ-H&N35, at start and end of the radiation treatment, and at 3 and 6-months after completing radiation treatment.Results: There is no difference between the intervention and control groups regarding symptoms, functional status and global health, except for intake of nutritional supplements.  For both groups almost all scales measuring HRQOL deteriorated under the radiation treatment. However, 3 and 6 months after end of radiotherapy HRQOL had improved and had returned to the baseline values.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the process of implementing a quality management system for food safety was handled in four different food producing companies in Sweden. The aim was also to analyze what difficulties the companies face and the possibilities that arise when certified. Furthermore, the reason for implementation was discussed as well as the main expectations on the certificate. Implementing a quality management system is a good way of ensuring the quality and hygiene of the food production and it also increases the traceability of food products through the whole food chain. A food safety standard provides a method of preventing problems and crisis and it can also help to handle requirements from authorities, the market and others.

Bakgrund: Undernäring förekommer hos uppemot 30 % av äldre personer på särskilda boenden (SÄBO). Det är ett av distriktssköterskans ansvarsområden att upprätthålla en god nutritionsvård. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka förekomst av undernäring bland äldre personer (65 år och äldre) på särskilt boende samt relationer mellan undernäring och fallrisk, risk för trycksår respektive nedsatt munhälsa. Vidare var syftet att undersöka vilka preventiva åtgärder distriktssköterskan erbjöd för att förbygga alternativt behandla undernäring hos äldre personer. Metod: Studien hade en kvantitativ ansats.

To get a good economy on the dairy farms the fertility control of heifers and cows is a crucial factor. It is also important to know which key parameters that should be tracked. In this work well established routines for heat detection have to be applied. When the dairy farmers use technical aid in estrus control it is important not to forget that technical aids can not replace the human eye. Approximately 50 % of all opportunities to inseminate are missed because clear signs of estrus have not been displayed and/or recorded. The cattle fertility has been declining over recent years. During the same time the cow?s proceeds have increased, consequently applying a higher pressure on the cow and the manager.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder, and is defined as an accumulation of excessive amounts of adipose tissue in the body. Obesity is a condition where an animal exceeds its optimum body weight by more than 10-25%. Risk factors associated with obesity may include breed, age, castration or high energy intake relative to energy consumption. The consequences of obesity are believed to be metabolic and hormonal changes, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, orthopedic problems, tumors and premature death. Prevention and early detection of obesity leads to better health care.

Bakgrund Övervikt och fetma är ett komplext världsproblem framförallt relaterat till en stillasittande livsstil i kombination med ett högt energiintag. En kostomläggning i samband med träning har betydelse för både viktminskningsresultatet samt risken att drabbas av överviktsrelaterade följdsjukdomar. Det har setts en svårighet i att avgöra vilken kostinformation på internet som ger ett långsiktigt viktminskningsresultat.Syfte Syftet med studien var att studera inställningar till kostråd hos personer som tränar i viktminsknings- eller viktstabilitetssyfte.Metod Till studien valdes en kvantitativ metod där en länk till en webbaserad enkät på 20 frågor delades via Facebook. Datamaterialet bearbetades och analyserades i SPSS version 22. Deltagarna grupperades in i grupperna viktnedgång och viktstabilitet, och undersöktes utifrån frågeställningarna.

When grains of wheat and rye are conventionally milled, large quantities of bran classified as by-products are left and are mainly used for animal feed. Bran is a complex material composed of the aleurone layer, nucellar epidermis, a seed coat, a fruit coat and a small proportion of the germ and endosperm depending on extraction rate. The bran fraction consists of approximately 40-50 % dietary fibre which can contribute to increase the nutritional quality of human cereal food. It would also be valuable for the food industry to convert by-products as bran to products with higher commercial values. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the content and composition of dietary fibre of heat treated wheat and rye bran according to the Uppsala method with some modifications in order to analyse soluble and insoluble dietary fibre separately. Half of the bran samples were precooked, dried and roasted and the other half dried and roasted (uncooked).

Time of harvest affects nutritional value and digestibility of haylage since plants are in different developmental stages. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of plant maturity of haylage cut in June, July and August on digestibility and faecal particle size in horses.Forage and faecal samples used for the analysis of apparent dry matter digestibility (DMd) and particle size distribution in faeces were from a feed-study performed in the autumn of 2009. Twelve horses were used in the study, divided into three groups in a change-over experiment. Each group was fed haylage harvested in June, July or August during three periods. Faecal grab samples were taken from each horse and pooled so that one sample represented one horse during one period.

Bakgrund Undernäring är vanligt bland personer bosatta på vårdhem, närmare bestämt 15-40% av dem är undernärda. Det finns olika sätt att undersöka om en person är undernärd, en modell är Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Studier som använts sig av MNA-modellen visar att undernäringen minskat från 36 % 1999 till 18 % 2008. Att matsedelsplaneringen utgår från vårdtagarnas behov är viktigt. Även om antalet välnärda ökat inom äldreomsorgen är undernäring fortfarande ett stort problem, därför känns det angeläget att belysa detta område.Syfte Syftet med undersökningen är att skapa en överblick hur måltidsrutinerna samt undernäring ser ut och hur den kan förbättras inom äldreomsorgen i Piteå kommun.Metod Studien gjordes enligt en kvantitativ metod med strukturerade intervjuer.

In the pilot plant at Hammarby Sjöstad, Sjöstadsverket, several new methods are tested in order to achieve a good use of resources. When a new technique is considered it is often the performance of the technique itself, under given conditions, that is evaluated. However, in order to evaluate the overall function the whole picture is needed. With a system analysis it becomes possible to make a comparison where all the positive aspects are put up against the negative ones, for the technique itself as well as its requirements. In this way the influence that minor components have on an entire system can be considered.This report presents a system analysis of an anaerobic membrane reactor (MBR) with a VSEP-membrane (Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process).

Patienter med maligna blodsjukdomar kan få munproblem som kan medföra en sårig munslemhinna, detta kan leda till att bakterier kommer in i cirkulationen vilket i sin tur kan orsaka livshotande infektioner (Dickson & Porter, 2006). Att upprätthålla ett gott näringstillstånd är gynnsamt för tillfrisknandet vid cancersjukdom (Cunningham& Bell, 2000). På grund av munproblem och dess eventuella orsak till ett försämrat näringstillstånd studeras munproblem, BMI och åtgärder i uppsatsen. Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att via journaler från patienter som genomgått stamcellstransplantation (SCT) beskriva munproblem och body mass index (BMI) året efter SCT, eventuell relation mellan munproblem och BMI samt vilka åtgärder som dokumenterats vid munproblem. Resultatet baseras på en granskning av 20 (14 män och 6 kvinnor) patientjournaler från patienter som genomgått SCT på grund av olika maligna blodssjukdomar.

The purpose of this study was to examine vitamin A and E in equine nutrition and especially in relation to forages. A literature review was conducted to examine factors that influence the level of vitamins present in forage, the vitamin A and E requirement of horses, and the absorption of vitamin A and E in horses. The influence of DM level on alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene content in ensiled forage was investigated in a controlled ensiling study using baled silage and haylage. The results from the ensiling study were combined with data of vitamin A and E concentrations collected from literature. Calculations were done to theoretically establish how well the vitamin content in ensiled forage can cover the maintenance requirements of vitamin A and E in horses.

The aim was to identify if the veterinary nurse is as competent as the veterinaian in placing a nasoesophageal feeding tube. The aim was also to identify the complications with malnutrition and the advantage and disadvantage of the procedure. This essay is based on several interviews with both veterinary nurses and veterinaries. 16 persons were asked 4 short questions in conjunction with an intensive care/emergency and surgery congress in Gothenburg in February 2013. In addition 4 major hospitals that provided intensive care were asked to answer 5 more detailed questions, one answer from a veterinary and one answer from a veterinary nurse was requested.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Does low fat dairy products reduce blood pressure?Author: Emma Bergman and Naman LimaniSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 26, 2014Background: It is estimated that at least a third of the population in Sweden have a high blood pressure with genetics, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity as the main contributing causes. High blood pressure is one of the greatest risk factors to develop cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Milk is a nutritional food product and previous research suggests that low fat dairy products may have blood pressure lowering effect.Objective: The aim was to examine the scientific basis of how low fat dairy products affect blood pressure.Search strategy: Twelve searches were conducted on PubMed and Scopus, where the chosen search terms were combined to produce a broad search as possible in the particular area. The search terms used were dairy, dairy products, milk, blood pressure and hypertension.Selection criteria: Studies on normotensive or hypertensive individuals who received low fat dairy products were included.