This thesis advances an explicit, consequent, and wholesome ethnomethodological perspective on brand community. It recognizes brand community as a social problem ? something to be continuously solved and achieved. The two main perceivably stable features of the Nikonian community are (1) practical usefulness and (2) the social link. The authors suggest that both features are constantly accomplished through three types of aggregate behaviour (1) lurking, (2) ordinary membership, and (3) community citizenship behaviour (CCB).

Feline asthma is a condition very similar to the respiratory disease affecting humans. It is causing, among other things, a constriction of the bronchial airways, an increase of mucus production and damage to, or erosion of, the epithelial membrane. The symptoms occur intermittently and do, in most cases, evolve during a long period of time. The aim of this essay was to investigate whether there are any nursing routines for feline patients with asthma in animal clinics and animal hospitals in Sweden, and if so, to compare similarities and differences. A literary study of research material also led to a suggestion of how to form a nursing routine for this type of patient.

Kommunikationen och därmed informationsutbytet anses utgöra en central del i vården och behövs för att upprätthålla en gynnsam vårdrelation mellan vårdpersonal och patient. Sjuksköterskan ska bedriva en vård som ska främja hälsa, lindra lidande, förebygga sjukdom och återställa hälsa enligt International Council of Nurses (ICN) etiska kod för sjuksköterskor. Sverige och flera delar av världen blir mer mångkulturellt befolkat och detta medför en förändring i vårdandet av dessa patienter, mot ett mer så kallat transkulturellt vårdande. Språkbarriärer inom vården kan försvåra informationsutbytet mellan patient och vårdgivare. Om informationsutbytet inte fungerar kan det resultera i att samspelet brister mellan patienten och sjuksköterskan.Syftet med arbetet är att belysa språkbarriärer mellan patient och sjuksköterska, vilka faktorer som påverkar dessa och vilka effekter de ger på vården.

The purpose of this study was to find knowledge about ostomy patients experience with a focus on overall life situation and the care they receive from the nurse. The method used was a systematic literature review according to Polit, Beck & Hungler. Six scientific research reports have been used as foundation of the result in this study. The articles have been reviewed according to Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC).The result shows that experiences of having ostomy are individual. Adapting to their new life situation varies depending on the reason for having an ostomy.

Leadership is about synchronizing people into doing actions together to reach a common goal. To be able to do such thing you have to be a good leader. A mutual feature between good leaders is a good self awareness in order to be able to lead others. By letting others evaluate the features of a leader it can give a good self image of the leaders? leadership.

Den 11 september 1973 avsattes den chilenska presidenten Salvador Allende under en militärkupp. Senare har det kommit till känna att den amerikanska regeringen under lång tid varit inblandade i motarbetandet av Allende. Den amerikanska underättelsetjänsten CIA var den organisation som genomförde de olika hemliga operationerna som utgjorde en stor del av den amerikanska utrikespolitiken mot Chile. Vi har i detta arbete undersökt hur pass autonomt CIA kunnat agera i genomförandet av den amerikanska utrikespolitiken samt hur man skulle kunna förklara detta. Vi har kommit fram till att CIA:s autonomi har varierat över tid, men varit som mest påtaglig i samband med mordet på den chilenska generalen Rene Schneider..

ABSTRACTStatistics show that breastfeeding prevalence for Sweden has fallen since the mid 90´s. Studies show that breastfeeding offers health benefits to both mother and child and that the mothers' belief and confidence in their ability to breastfeed is a key factor to having a positive breastfeeding outcome. In 2010, Amningshjälpen in collaboration with Sensus studieförbund, started a nursing course, for mothers-to-be, who wished to breastfeed their babies and its aim was to prepare them for a successful and enjoyable experience.Objective: To examine whether a preparatory breastfeeding course can affect mothers' confidence in their ability to breastfeed and if that ability can affect the breastfeeding outcome when the child reaches four months. A further aim is to investigate the experience of  perceived problems surrounding breastfeeding and what affect these might have on the mothers' confidence in breastfeeding when the child reaches four months.Design/Methods: A quantitative approach with prospective experimental design was used to evaluate the study. The questionnaire Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) was used three times to measure women's trust in lactation.

Bakgrund:I takt med att antalet äldre i Sverige ökar, ökar också antalet insjuknade i demens. Nio av tio personer som drabbas av demenssjukdom kommer att uppvisa beteendemässiga eller psykiska symtom någon gång under sjukdomsförloppet. Dessa symtom har visat minska livskvalitén och utgör den vanligaste orsaken till att personer med demenssjukdom flyttar till ett särskilt boende då belastningen på anhöriga och omgivningen blir alltför stor.Syfte:Att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder i arbetet med patienter som uppvisarbeteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom.Metod:Studien är en litteraturstudie baserad på niovetenskapliga artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats som sökts fram via databasen Cinahl. Artiklarna har analyserats med fokus på att finna likheter och skillnader i resultatet av de valda studierna.. Analysarbetet resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier som visade sig vara viktiga faktorer som påverkar omvårdnadsåtgärder för denna patientgrupp: utbildning, personcentrerad omvårdnad, musik, dans och beröring.

Terrorism. A word that makes you think about different situations throughout the last decade that has passed. However, in this particular thesis the purpose is to examine both national and international terrorism from a Clausewitzian theory. The main point is to examine whether any of these types of terrorisms can fit in to this theory and as examples in this study are the terrorist organizations ETA and al-Qaida. The questions to be answered in this paper are if their aims can be explained as political and how far are they ready to go to have their way? Furthermore, the reason for this paper is to find an understanding for why the terrorist organizations act as they do.The result of this comparative study is that both terrorist organizations fit in to the theory because their goals can be seen as political and therefore can their aims justify their actions.

The purpose of this thesis is to define and theorise willingness-to-support as a possible measurement of corporate reputation. The knowledge production in this thesis is done through reasoning with companies to gain a deeper understanding of the social world and the respondents? view of their reality. Grounded theory is used as an inspiration for conducting the research. A qualitative method is used in the form of semi-structured interviews with six companies in three different business sectors.

This thesis analyzes the consequences of ?Lex Uggla? ? a law concerning the boundaries between firm and individual with respect to wealth taxation ? for small businesses, with more than 3 million SEK in over-liquidity. There are two main findings of this thesis. Firstly, the wealth taxation of non-operational assets seems to be an inefficient tax which costs the Swedish welfare system much more than it generates. Secondly, the change in actions among entrepreneurs following the extensive news coverage following the tax authority?s charges against the company of the well-known artist, Magnus Uggla (hence ?Lex Uggla?) illustrates that neither changes of rules nor new applications of rules is necessarily sufficient for an agent to change course of action.

Ambulatory surgery is common and develops alongside surgery and anesthetic methods. Time admitted is short and aftercare takes place in the home environment.Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate which symptoms patients experience after ambulatory surgery related to anesthesia. Furthermore how strongly symptoms affect the patient. Symptoms appear as a result of anesthesia and surgery and can therefore be interpreted as nursing induced suffering.Method: Participants were recruited at ambulatory clinics at a Swedish university hospital spring, 2015.  Prior to the study permission was granted from the clinic managers. The study is a quantitative descriptive longitudinal study.  Data collection forms were administered and data collection was performed by phone.

This paper deals with how seamen onboard merchant ships flying the Swedish flag apprehendthe culture, information and leisure possibilities that offer them by the Swedish GovernrnentSeamen's Service, HKF.The objective with this work is two folded: first of all suggest some actions to be taken inorder to improve the situation for seamen, based on the results from interviews with crewsonboard three merchant ships.Secondly, draw the attention to HKF's activity in general and to the activity of the SwedishSeamen's Library in particular, for people working within libraries.The result of this examination shows that people onboard really regards the service carriedout by HKF as very good in general, but there are some activities which hopefully can beimproved. However, perhaps the most important role can be played by the shipping companies,based on the wishes that came about from the seamen. These conclusions and discussion aredealt within chapter 8..

Carbon offsetting means to offset those greenhouse gases that are caused by our actions. The purpose of this paper is to examine how companies are working with carbon offsetting. The focus of the research is how travel agencies and companies that provides carbon offsetting. The writers also highlight the problems carbon offsetting is facing. The study was performed with qualitative methods through interviews with three companies working with carbon offsetting.

The neo-classical conception of the market place does not provide a framework to account for ethical or moral action. As a result, the neo-classical model is unable to explain the impact of ethical and moral issues on business sustainability present in the modern economy. To address this limitation, this thesis investigates whether theories of ethics can help explain the motivations and actions of stakeholders within the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In addition, the thesis explores whether theories of ethics are presented differently within aspects of the stakeholder model. Semi - structured interviews were conducted with various stakeholders within the CSR sector, including a NGO, a commercial firm and a CSR consultancy firm.