Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om vilken relation som finns mellan de handlingar statliga tjänstemän utför i sitt arbete (förvaltningshandlande) och de underliggande normer som skall styra detta handlande. Tesen som författaren driver är att denna relation präglas av en anomisk brist. Baserat på en genomgång av relevanta juridiska begrepp återges konkreta exempel på handlande av statliga tjäntsemän. En teoretisk genomgång av relevant teori hos Hans Kelsen, Carl Schmitt och Giorgio Agamben ligger till grund för en analys av anomin som en ofrånkomlig ontologisk aspekt av allt normbundet handlande. The thesis treats the question of what relation there is between action performed by public officials and the norms that supposedly directs these actions.

Konfusion är mycket vanligt förekommande hos äldre och skapar stort lidande, ger höga samhällskostnader och orsakar hög mortalitet. Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskans icke farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder vid konfusion hos äldre patienter. Metoden var en litteraturstudie, vilken innefattade tio artiklar där relevanta omvårdnadsåtgärder framkom, dessa presenterades i resultatet under VIPS - modellens åtgärdssökord. Resultatet av studien visade att patienter med konfusion mindes och uppmärksammade vad som skedde med och runt omkring dem. Viktigt var att få information om sitt konfusionstillstånd för att förstå vad som hände och varför.

The United Nations is an important organization when it comes to international peace and security. Recent events in international politics, however, have brought about a widespread concern about the abilities of the organization. Powerful states have shosen to act outside of the organization to achieve their goals. They have furthermore a disproportionate influence on the decision-making body, the Security Council.The aim of this essay is to examine wheather UN can function productively as keeper of the international peace and security in the political climate of today, and to find out to what extent the powerful states harm the organization. I use a theoretical article, concerning states relations to international organisations, to analyse the acts of powerful states in UN.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which incontinence aids, used in local authority/municipal nursing homes, were adapted to the resident?s urine-leakage volume and to find out how nurses perceived the current situation concerning individual testing of incontinence aids in municipal nursing homes. The study method was a quantitative empirical study and was carried out in two phases. The first phase was a weighing test, carried out in three nursing homes, whereby the incontinence aids used by 25 residents during a 48 hour period were weighed. The second phase was the completion of a questionnaire by the municipal nurses working in the same local authority.

This thesis investigates lacks in today?s use of the ERP-system Mapaz Affärssystem inthe production planning at Solna Pressgjuteri, and possible improvements. Today thedates calculated by the program to plan the orders are inaccurate and the ordersequence is not optimal, and therefore continuous manual corrections are needed.The approach was to study the program Mapaz to understand how it works, andidentify available parameters for input and output in the different tools offered in theprogram. By studying old lists of planned orders and relevant parameters in Mapaz forindividual orders, production groups, products and operations, the connectionbetween input and output parameters could be understood.Participating in planning meetings and discussions with the company behind theERP-system identified the current usage, desideratum and possibilities with theavailable tools. These were then matched to describe the reasons to the insufficientplanning and form possible actions for improvement.The work has showed poor understanding for the ERP-system and its functions, assome tools intended to assist the planning were not used, and some even usedincorrectly.

Background: Long-term stress can lead to reduced health among nurses which can result in impaired quality of care. Stress in nurses' work needs to be studied in order to prevent stress and impaired quality of care. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experience of occupational stress and factors that contribute to occupational stress. Method: The method used was a literature review. Results: The analysis resulted in five themes which describe nurses' experiences of occupational stress and factors that contribute to occupational stress.

Background: Children?s death is unexpected and unnatural irrespective of a long time of illness or a sudden death. Nurses working with palliative care of children experience a range of different emotions during the care. Palliative care is health promoting even though the purpose no longer is to cure. According to the nursing theorist Katie Eriksson health is possible to achieve even though the patient has got a deadly disease.

Background: The need for structured practice has in recent years appeared in connection with the request for a more evidence-based nursing. In psychiatric care with its complex disabilities, it is important to have methods to identify these. Research has demonstrated the importance of patient participation in nursing that has been shown to affect their mental health. It is essential to get to know how patients with mental illness are capable of involvement in their life situation. The ICF emerged as a useful theoretical framework for development of questionnaires of patient participation.Aim: The aim of the present pilotstudy was to develop and test a questionnaire for participation, based on ICF.

Introduction: Malnutrition leads to loss of health and coexists with disease and loss of function. A good nutritional status becomes more important the older you get to maintain a good health. Studies show that it is important to identify and prevent malnutrition in its early stages. Men and women recieve different medical treatment in a number of different medical diseases. There are few studies in nursing from av gender perspective.Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly in Västra Götaland with focus on gender differences when it comes to prevalence and nursing interventionsMethod: A register study with av quantitative approach is conducted to answer the aim.

The main aim of this master thesis was to examine the visual ergonomics and the systematic work environment management concerning lighting issues for nurses within domiciliary care. Further aims were to examine a few existing lighting solutions, to come up with ideas for future possible lighting solutions, and to evaluate if the legal regulations for lighting is satisfying and if the regulations are obeyed in domiciliary nursing.The methods used were a questionnaire completed by 55 nurses, field studies of used lightings in cooperation with a student in industrial esign, test of ten existing lighting solutions in a laboratory environment, and a field test of five existing lighting solutions tested by nine nurses in the home of the patient.The result indicates that 40 % of the asked nurses were dissatisfied with the working light in the patient?s homes. All respondents reported poor working light close to the patient, 50 % reported that this problem occurred daily. One third reported that they had to work in uncomfortable working postures due to insufficient working light, and 15 % reported risk of making mistakes due to the same reason.

Distriktssköterskan är ofta den sista länken i vårdkedjan från den somatiska vården och hemsjukvården. En fungerande överrapportering från den slutna somatiska vården till hemsjukvården är av yttersta vikt för patientens trygghet och säkerhet och det är därför viktigt att innehållet i omvårdnadsepikrisernas uppfattas som relevant för den fortsatta vården. En omvårdnadsepikris skall innehålla en slutanteckning över de omvårdnadsåtgärder som genomförts på sjukhuset och en kort beskrivning över patientens aktuella omvårdnadsbehov. Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors uppfattning om omvårdnadsepikrisernas relevans och användbarhet i den fortsatta vården i hemmet av palliativa patienter samt att jämföra dessa med det faktiska innehållet i omvårdnadsepikriser skrivna av sjuksköterskor inom den slutna somatiska vården.Studien har genomförts med en innehållsanalys av 16 omvårdnadsepikriser insamlade från en kirurgiavdelning på ett större sjukhus i Göteborgsregionen samt semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem distriktssköterskor i Göteborgsregionen. Avslutningsvis jämfördes resultatet från de två datakällorna för att bedöma överensstämmelsen mellan dessa.

Background: Moral distress is an increasing concern among nurses in their workplace. Previous research has suggested that moral distress is associated with ethical climate and job dissatisfaction. Economic restraints in the organization have led to loss of nurses from the workplace. Aim: To examine nurses experience of moral distress and their causes. Method: The study was a literature review. Twelve articles were used in the study.

SAMMANFATTNINGSyfte: Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka sjuksköterskors uppfattning om omvårdnadsdokumentation och dess påverkan på omvårdnadsarbetet.Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med innehållsanalys enligt Lundman och Hällgren Graneheim (2008). Bekvämlighetsurval med fem sjuksköterskor från olika avdelningar på ett Universitetssjukhus i Mellansverige.Resultat: Sjuksköterskor i denna studie uppfattade att dokumentationen tar tid, det är mycket som ska dokumenteras och att kvalitén varierade. De uppfattade också att information kunde gå förlorad på grund av att många skrev på flera olika ställen. Dokumentationen upplevdes ibland som inkonsekvent eftersom sjuksköterskorna inte dokumenterade exakt lika. De belyste också att systemet var rörigt och ologiskt.

The aim of this study was to review scientific articles to evaluate which nursing treatment are in use to ease problems such as dysphagia, mucositis and xerostomia and its efficiency. The method was a literature review in which the scientific articles where found in the database PubMed. A total of sixteen articles where included, these articles where analyzed based on their quality and contents. The result showed that electrical stimulation and rehabilitation was used against dysphagia, they both had a doubtful effect. Mouth washes was commonly used to reduce mucositis; triclosan mouthwash, benzydamine mouthwash, sacralfate mouth wash, povidone-iodine and salt-sodium mouthwash showed effect.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine health professionals´ experiences of giving advice regarding sleep to parents of infants and to perform and evaluate an intervention in the form of introducing information about the sleep of infants.Method: The study was designed as an intervention study with a qualitative approach where data was collected from two focus groups in the form of interviews. The intervention consisted of the information material Sugen på sömn. There were five participants whom three of them participated in the second interview. The interviews were processed by content analysis.Results: Health professionals´ experience of giving advice on sleep was summarized in three themes. The experiences of giving advice in interaction with parents, health professional themselves experienced the power to influence the parents with the advice they gave, while the parents' previous experience and knowledge impacted on how the advice came into practice.