Bakgrund: Den vanligaste faktorn till att människor söker vård idag är på grund av smärta. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll genom att kunna tillämpa de omvårdnadsåtgärder som krävs vid ett smärttillstånd på ett korrekt sätt. Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att beskriva sjuksköterskans tillämpning av omvårdnadsåtgärder vid smärta hos vuxna individer. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes där kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar granskades. Analys gjordes av sjutton artiklar.

Background: Communication allows people to gain understanding of themselves and their surroundings, which is a prerequisite for good health. The nurse may in her communication help patients develop a feeling that they are not alone in their situation. If the patients cannot express themselves and make themselves understood, it can lead the patients to feel left out which emphasizes the suffering at having aphasia. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the components which affect nurse?s communication with patients with aphasia.

Background: Parents attitudes about illness and health reflects on their children. When the child has acute pain the parents often reacts with fear and confusion. The demands on the parenting role increase and therefore it´s important that the nurse show consideration for the parents experience and practise family nursing. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate parents experiences in connection with their child´s acute pain in a caregiving situation. Method: This literature study is based on ten scientific articles.

Elective joint surgery increases for every year and the operations are associated with postoperative pain. Postoperative pain is a well known phenomenon and pain physiology and analgesics are well known by caregivers, but the significance of the interaction between patient and caregiver is not illuminated. There are still patients experiencing unnecessary postoperative pain. Among patients in elective surgery, 25% runs a risk for underestimated pain. The aim of the study was to describe patient?s experiences of nursing interaction in the context of postoperative pain during hospitalisation after going through knee- or hiparthropasty.

Bakgrund: Anorexia nervosa innebär för en människa svår viktnedgång, som är en konsekvens av dennes rädsla att gå upp i vikt. Omvårdnaden består till stor del av kontrollerad behandling av de fysiska symtomen, vilket kan resultera i en maktkamp då människor med anorexia nervosa inte inser att de behöver hjälp och inte vill bli friska. Detta utmanar skapandet av en vårdrelation. En fungerande vårdrelation är avgörande för patienters tillfrisknande.Syfte: Att beskriva patienters och sjuksköterskors upplevelser av vårdrelationen i omvårdnaden av anorexia nervosa.Metod: Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Informationssökning gjordes via databasen Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, CINAHL.

Background: There might be a risk that family members experience limited possibilities to act, participate and influence the end of life care for the elderly in the nursing home. For family members it could be the first time they face death which can imply a lot of questions and existential needs. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the needs of family members in the patient terminal care in a nursing home. Research methods: The study implemented a qualitative approach and data was collected through four interviews and through a literature review were 17 articles were selected. The results were processed and analysed with a qualitative content analysis and two main categories, participation and assurance with subcategories were identified.

Sedan den första skolsköterskan anställdes 1919 i Stockholm har skolsköterskorna bedrivit ett hälsofrämjande arbete på olika sätt. På senare år har hälsobesöket med elevhälsosamtalet hamnat i fokus och detta arbete syftar till att beskriva skolsköterskornas uppfattning om elevhälsosamtalet i grundskolan och på gymnasieskolan. En fokusgruppsintervju med fem skolsköterskor från Göteborg genomfördes och materialet bearbetades fenomenografiskt i en pilotstudie. Resultatet presenterades som tre huvudkategorier: ?Att använda en strategi?, ?Att skapa en relation? och ?Att utvärdera?.

Stroke is a widespread disease in Sweden. Nurses play a central part for those who suffer from a stroke irrespective of where in the care chain they meet. To be able to meet the patients? need of care the nurse must understand his/her lifeworld. Each and every patient is unique and the experience of being struck by a stroke depends on personality and life situation.

Background: Insufficient nutritional support is associated with prolonged hospitalisation, impaired wound healing and impaired survival for patients in intensive care. In severe sepsis and septic chock, calculation of nutritional need is complicated since the metabolism is affected by decease. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate nutritional support and to examine the quality of nursing documentation of nutritional status and nutritional support in patient records in severe sepsis and septic chock.  Method: The study was conducted as a retrospective investigation where 64 patient records were studied. The quality of documentation was examined in 10 patient records using an examinational model.Findings: Calculation of average nutritional support showed insufficient supply particularly in the two first days of intensive care. During the next five days nutritional supply was higher but individual variation was seen, why a clear picture of nutritional support is hard to detect.

Suicid/självmord är idag enligt världshälsoorganisationen WHO en av de 20 vanligaste dödsorsakerna och det är välkänt att risken för suicid ökar vid depression. Psykiatrisjuksköterskor möter dagligen patienter där de är skyldiga att bedöma hur stor risken är att patienten tar sitt liv. Det har hittills funnits lite forskning angående hur psykiatrisjuksköterskorna erfar det är att göra dessa bedömningar och syftet med studien var därför att beskriva psykiatrisjuksköterskors erfarenheter av suicidriskbedömning hos patienter med depressiv ohälsa. Studiens design var av kvalitativ art där intervjuer genomfördes med 10 psykiatrisjuksköterskor inom allmänpsykiatrisk öppenvård. Data analyserades med stöd av kvalitativ innehållsanalys och mynnade ut i ett resultat om fyra huvudkategorier med tillhörande subkategorier.

The purpose of this litterature review is to illustrate the nursing care to patient with chronic pain. As a theoretic frame for this study we choose Aron Antonowsky. The results of this study are based on 8 scientific articles. The findings are presented in main categories and ideas. The findings show that chronic pain is a multidimensional phenomenon that influences peoples quality of life in a physical, psychological as well as social way.

A major part of the Swedish population suffers from myocardial infarction. A wish in the study is to give nurses an increasing knowledge about what patients with myocardial infarction wish to be informed about so that the nurses can meet these patients as good as possible.The aim is to show what nurses need to inform heart patients about to prevent anxiety and fear after hospital care.The method used was literature reviews where seven articles were reviewed according to Polit, et. al., (2001). The databases used were Cinahl and ELIN.Results: There is a dissonance between what the patient and what the nurse is ranking to be the most important item to be informed about after a myocardial infarction. The patients prioritize information about symptoms and lifestylechanges.

Most of the stoma-operated persons must work themselves through difficult feelings. The task for the nurse is to deliver a care that promotes as much independence as possible. The aim of this literature review was to illuminate how the self-care agencies affect the well-being for the persons who are operated for stoma. A systematic literature study was done based on eleven scientific studies. Three categories, which describe how self-care agencies affect the physical, psychological and social well-being, are presented in the result.

Mycket forskning inom ämnet postoperativ smärta är gjord. Det är ett komplext ämne och studier visar att det förekommer att patienter smärtlindras otillräckligt. Syftet med den här studien var att beskriva vilka metoder sjuksköterskan använder sig av för att bedöma akut postoperativ smärta, och vilka för och nackdelar som finns med de olika metoderna. Vi ansåg att en litteraturstudie var mest lämpad för vår studie och har använt oss av tolv artiklar i resultatet. Där identifierade vi fyra kategorier som beskriver hur sjuksköterskan bedömer postoperativ smärta.

Immigration is today happening in Sweden to a great extent and this requires a higher level of demands within the transcultural nursing. With this fact as a base to our literature review the aim of the study was developed. This was to investigate how immigrants with diabetes mellitus type 2 experience health and to find out the importance of knowledge related to the patients compliance of given advise and prescriptions. On the basis of the aim the following questions of issue was formulated: How do immigrants with diabetes mellitus type 2 experience their health and what knowledge do they possess concerning their illness? and Within which areas of the immigrants life is it important for the nurse to gain knowledge in order to affect and oblige him or her? A critical review of nine scientific articles emerged in three themes that answer the questions of issue.