Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka stressreducerade ledarskapsbeteenden som chefer använder sig av gentemot sina medarbetare. Studien har en deduktiv ansats där två etablerade balansteorier; Karasek och Theorells (1990) krav och kontrollmodell samt Siegrits (1996) ansträngning och belöningsmodell, användes för att studera empirin. Ett målinriktat urval gjordes (n = 10) och av dessa var fem stycken kvinnor och fem stycken män. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med chefer på samma eller liknande position i en organisation. Det empiriska materialet analyserades genom en tematisk modell.

Birgitta Stenberg?s autobiographical novel Kärlek i Europa was published in 1981. It takes placein the fifties and is written in a genre popular in Sweden during the seventies, the feministconfession novel. The genre had a strong political purpose, by way of sharing experiences ofliving as a woman in a patriarchal society the aim was to raise consciousness of oppression andmake way for liberation and sisterhood. But there was not room for everyone in the feministstruggle.

The workplace has a direct impact on the physical, psychological, economic and social well-being of the workers. A healthy workplace leads to increased health among the employees which also makes the employees more productive (Källestål, 2004). A poor working environment can have negative consequences for individuals, companies and society (SOU, 2009:47).This is a qualitative study that investigates companies? view of health promotion and how they practice health promotion in working life. Five private and five public companies, with representatives from the management were interviewed.

For almost a century the debate about women as ordained servants in the Church of Sweden has raged on and on. The decision to open up the priesthood for both genders in 1958 was a milestone in the women?s liberation movement as well as it marks an important time in the church history. The debate has mainly been about how to interpret scripture, who has the right to do so, and so on. Feminist theology has become one way in recent decades to paint a wider and more nuanced picture of history and how to interpret the texts often used to repress women.This essay surveys some of the steps towards that decision, as well as it paints a rough picture of what leadership among women in the church could involve before ordination became an option.

Studien belyser hur kvinnor upplever ungt moderskap och möjligheter till att fullfölja gymnasiestudier. Intervjuer har genomförts med fyra kvinnor som blivit föräldrar under sin tid i grundskolan/kring 15/16 års ålder. Undersökningen bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer i form av gruppintervju samt individuell intervju som metod. Resultaten visar att kvinnorna upplever att ansvaret moderskapet medfört har bidragit till att de blivit motiverade till att få ordning på sitt liv och att barnet blivit en symbol för mognad som i flera fall stärkt självbilden. Självkänslan har dock påverkats negativt om man inte lever upp till förväntningarna på sig själv som mamma, vilket dock inte kan kopplas direkt till kvinnornas ålder.

 In his book Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language (1982) Saul Kripke claims that Wittgenstein argues for a certain form of scepticism in his book Philosophical Investigations (1953), namely a new form of philosophical scepticism, a result of Wittgenstein´s idea of language as language games. Nihilism, scepticism of meaning or of concept, constitutive scepticism are other commentators´ different names of the same phenomenon. The philosophy of Wittgenstein accounts for how our words, including the words of mathematics, have no meaning and there are no a priori justified objective facts as to what I mean about a word. We follow the rules blindly and without justification. We are unable to find any facts against this proposal.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka ledares upplevelse efter ett ledarutvecklingsprogram och om den eventuellt bidragit till värden för att underlätta en större organisationsförändring inom offentlig sektor samt om utbildningen kan rekommenderas till nya ledare. Utbildningens avsikt var att stärka ledarnas roller och vara ett stöd i den nya organisationens uppsatta mål. Två grupper (deltagit, ej deltagit i utbildningen) av kvinnliga enhetschefer inom omsorgsförvaltningen deltog i undersökningen vars data kvalitativt analyserades. Resultatet visade att utbildningen bidragit med större förståelse för kommunens helhetsperspektiv och komplexitet vad gäller ekonomiska resurser och solidaritet över förvaltningsgränser då ledare från olika förvaltningar deltagit. Vidare att kommunikationen med andra ledare och utbyte av erfarenheter och kunskaper bidragit till stöd, kunskap och bildande av kontaktnät vilka varit värdefulla för ledarskapets roll och kommunen som helhet.

Total amount of words: 15 269.In this essay, the purpose is to examine the personalization of Swedish national coaches during international championships in the Swedish tabloids. Research shows that a leader nowadays is representative for her organization. Therefore it could be assumed that the way the national coach is portrayed can have some kind of effect on the public opinion about the team as a unit and their sport federation in total. This essay is a quantitative study of the sport tabloids Sportbladet och SPORT-Expressen during three international championships: Euro 2012 in football, WC 2013 in ice hockey and Euro 2014 in handball. We have studied the coverage of the national coaches Erik Hamrén, Pär Mårts and Ola Lindgren/Staffan Olsson in contrast to the coverage of their teams in total.The main results are that the national coaches are mentioned in every second article that is written about the national teams during the championships. They are mainly portrayed in a neutral way, even though the coverage of them is affected by the results in the matches.

Kompetensområdet sjuksköterskans arbetsledning av omvårdnadsarbetet är ett tämligen outforskat ämne. Mer kunskap om läkare- och undersköterskors syn på vad som innefattas i sjuksköterskans arbetsledning skulle kunna bidra till ett bättre samarbete som på sikt kan gynna omvårdnadsarbetets utveckling och därigenom även patienten. Syftet med studien är att få ökad kunskap om läkare och underskö-terskors syn på vad som innefattas i kompetensområdet sjuksköterskans arbets-ledning av omvårdnadsarbetet. Metoden som användes var en empirisk intervju-undersökning där urvalet bestod utav fyra läkare och fyra undersköterskor. Mate-rialet analyserades med innehållsanalys, inspirerad av Burnard (1991).

Enligt arbetsmiljölagen ska arbetsgivare undersöka, genomföra och följa upp verksamheten, enligt det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet ska detta arbete ske naturligt i det dagliga. Den mest använda modellen inom kartläggningen av psykosocial arbetsmiljö var krav-kontroll-stöd modellen, det har dock föreslagits att det var viktigt att ta hänsyn till ledningsförfaranden för att kunna förstå arbetsrelaterade risker bättre. Forskningsfrågorna i denna studie var hur ledare arbetade med den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och hur det arbetet förmodades påverka medarbetarnas hälsa. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på detta. I denna studie deltog 8 personer med arbetsledarbefattning, erfarenheten varierade mellan 4-20 år, antalet personer de ansvarade över varierade mellan 1-42 personer.

Abstract The purpose of the study is to examine how children perceive the relation between play and sex and analyse it from a gender perspective. This by answering the questions: "Is the children?s choice of place, materials and company in play dependent on gender?" and "Is there a significant difference between the sexes and/or ages?" The study was done through twelve focusgroup interviews with three children in each group except two groups of two children in each. Eight boys and nine girls of six years old and nine boys and eight girls of nine years old were interviewed. Boys and girls were interviewed in separate groups and the questions were open ended and followed up.

Viktigt för ett bra gruppklimat är bland annat gruppens kommunikationsmönster och tidigare framgångar, något som är beroende av tydliga mål för arbetet. Tidigare forskning har påvisat ett positivt samband mellan gruppens kollektiva efficacy och dess prestationer. Området kollektiv efficacy är relativt välforskat, dock tycks frågan om vilka faktorer som har betydelse för kollektiv efficacy i arbetsgruppen stå relativt obesvarad. Inom området dominerar kvantitativ metod, varpå en kvalitativ ansats bedömdes lämplig i denna undersökning. Syftet med denna undersökning var att undersöka vilka faktorer som har betydelse för individens upplevelse av kollektiv efficacy i arbetsgruppen.

Kalmar Municipality has in 2008-2010 made an effort to educate managers on gender, with the goal of mainstreaming gender into public activities so that all citizens should feel safe in that treatment and services are designed and resources are distributed equally to both sexes living conditions and needs. The overall aim of this study was to examine whether the training effort has paid off, and how gender mainstreaming has been implemented in the different activities. We have used a qualitative approach, which we examined through interviews managers' approach to gender equality.Gender was generally described as an important issue of all respondents, and all were working to mainstream gender into their activities and workplaces. The results show that the operational and management needed clearer directives and strategies in their efforts to promote gender equality. Education was necessary because personal definition of gender may differ from the control contents of the documents.

Author: Nilsson LindaTitle: Appraisal talk- new ideals and new formsThe purpose of this study was to examine the concept of the appraisal talk. More specifically its aim was to find out more about the function and the meaning of the appraisal talk, for the organization, managers and co-workers point of view, and if there was any specific method applied. Two of the central questions were: How did the managers and co-workers describe the function and the meaning of appraisal talks? Were there any differences or similarities of the respondent?s point of view, depended of their position in the organization? The method of analysis was qualitative with a critical reflective approach. The study was based on interviews with three managers and four co-workers, in the public service of elderly care in Kalmar municipality.

Author: Nilsson LindaTitle: Appraisal talk- new ideals and new formsThe purpose of this study was to examine the concept of the appraisal talk. More specifically its aim was to find out more about the function and the meaning of the appraisal talk, for the organization, managers and co-workers point of view, and if there was any specific method applied. Two of the central questions were: How did the managers and co-workers describe the function and the meaning of appraisal talks? Were there any differences or similarities of the respondent?s point of view, depended of their position in the organization? The method of analysis was qualitative with a critical reflective approach. The study was based on interviews with three managers and four co-workers, in the public service of elderly care in Kalmar municipality.