Protracted social conflicts, as those in Cyprus and Northern Ireland, are based on deep rooted perceptions of identity and definitions of "the other". According to the theory of discursive conflict transformation, war is primarily a social phenomenon, which is legitimated by a discourse of identity defined in terms of exclusionist boundaries and structural ideas of the social relations in society. In order to develop positive peace, the discourse of violence has to be challenged and the discursive structures that enable war have to transform into a counterdiscourse of inclusion and individuality. For the purpose of making a critical peace analysis, I have, with the assistance of established conflict theories, analysed the basic ideas behind the the Annan Plan and the Belfast Agreement and thus been able to interpret to what extent they may foster positive peace. I argue, that in order to provide basic needs on a group basis, power sharing arrangement, based on ethnicity or religion, exacerbates division rather than ameliorating it.

Det har visat sig att fysisk aktivitet ökar livskvaliteten och påverkar kroppens mekanismer positivt hos ungdomar. Det har konstaterats att flickor som regelbundet är fysiskt aktiva har en mer normal inställning till sin kroppsform än de som inte är regelbundet aktiva. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka om det finns en skillnad i kroppsbilden hos gymnasieelever som tränar respektive inte tränar, samt att undersöka om det finns en skillnad i kroppsbild beroende på träningsgrad i grupperna kvinnliga respektive manliga elever samt hos elever som läser yrkesinriktat respektive teoretiskt program. Metod: Försökspersonerna bestod av 120 artonåriga gymnasieelever som läste teoretiskt eller yrkesinriktat program. De instrument som användes var enkäterna IPAQ och BESAA.

Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur personer som genomgått amputation upplever sin livskvalitet. Den deskriptiva litteraturstudien baserades på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Litteratursökningarna utfördes i databaserna Medline (via PubMed) samt CINAHL. Huvudresultatet visade att amputation påverkade individerna utifrån ett fysiskt, psykisk och socialt perspektiv. Vanliga faktorer som påverkade livskvaliteten negativt var smärta och svårigheter med mobiliseringen.

Introduction: Studies have shown that women are not always satisfied with the effects of contraception and that contraceptive advice is perceived as non-specific. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate what contraceptive women have chosen to use in the different phases of their reproductive lives, and what they felt had influenced their choice. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional comparative study with a quantitative approach. A survey with fixed and multiple-choice options was sent to five hundred 45-year old women. Result: The study shows that various birth controls are different in the normal reproductive life.

Europas nya sockerpolitik har medfört stora prissänkningar på socker, vilket har påverkat lönsamheten för sockerbetsodlarna negativt. Marginalerna krymper i odlingen och det är viktigt att åtgärda alla problem som kan påverka lönsamheten. Ett exempel på dessa problem är betcystnematoder (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt) som förekommer på ca en fjärdedel av sockerbetsarealen i Sverige (Olsson, 2002) och som kan ge betydande skördesänkningar. Betcystnematoden är framförallt ett problem i områden med intensiva sockerbetsodlingar och korta växtföljder. De senaste årens klimatförändringar kan ha gjort att somrarna har blivit varmare vilket har gynnat betcystnematodens framfart i många länder i Europa.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze four educators? views and experiences of working with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in relation to the concept of "One school for all". Research has shown that a segregating perspective is dominant in the school system, but the education act says that all children have a right to an equal education.My starting point for this study has been the concept of term "One school for all" and the problems that can occur in working with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. A school for all is a school where all children are welcome and where all children sees as equals regardless of what background or disability they have. This study will be important for newly graduated teachers who are not aware of Autism Spectrum disorders.

Engelfors Trilogy is a three-part fantasy novel consisting of Circle, Fire and The key, written by Mats Strandberg and Sara Bergmark Elfgrens. Circle was nominated for the August Prize award 2011, which is a literary prize awarded each year. The book has also been translated into 25 different languages. Fire came out in August 2013 and is the part of the novel that I will concentrate on in these theses. What I will do in this paper is a queer feminist analysis of the novel's main characters in the book Fire.

Cattle have a species specific movement pattern when lying down and getting up. They need sufficient space for their heads to perform these movements normally. The aim of this study was to investigate the lying down and getting up behaviour of beef bulls at a Swedish farm operation. The hypothesis was that bulls older than 10 months (over approximately 400 kg) were disturbed by a horizontal front rail and that the time to lie down and get up differed from what can be regarded as normal based on earlier scientific studies. The bulls were Swedish Red and White (SRB), Swedish Friesian (SLB) or crossbreeds of these two, and were kept in a cubicle system with a stall front design where there was a horizontal rail 40 cm above the stall floor.

Klädföretag säljer alla ?samma? produkt till sina konsumenter. Produkten är kläder med ett visst mode. För att kunna bli ett framgångsrikt företag är marknadsföring en viktig del, något som allt fler företag har blivit medvetna om. Med bakgrund av att allt fler företag vill synas på marknaden för att attrahera konsumenterna samt skapa en märkeskännedom hos dem, har vikten av differentierad reklam blivit allt viktigare.

EU law is superior to Swedish domestic law, and it is on Sweden's responsibility to implement the COJ judgments so that it becomes compatible with EU law. The advantage of the Union being superior is the internal market given the member states.However, problems arise when the Swedish legislature goes further in its interpretation of EU law. Restrictions can be imposed but it must be considered to be strongly motivated so the restriction outweighs the need to maintain the freedoms granted by EU law. In Cadbury Schweppes, the court states that restrictions on freedom of establishment may be done to counter artificial arrangements whose sole purpose is to evade the national tax. Its further stated that an artificial arrangement does not exist in those cases there is a real business, even through the establishment in the low-taxing country is economically justified. The Swedish CFC rules states that the general rule is that if an establishment in a country within the EEA, which have lower corporate tax than 55% of the Swedish tax, the shareholder of this company is taxed on its current share in Sweden. The outcome of Cadbury Schweppes has not been made into a general rule, it became the exception. In addition to that in Sweden it is presumed that the company is an artificial arrangement that expressly are prohibited by the EUD, as well been implemented to supplement the rule, where the Swedish legislature changes the meaning of the term granted by the appeal. The Swedish legislature has amended the original economically motivated establishment, to be commercially motivated. The term is undefined, but applicable elsewhere in the Incometaxlaw and from this one can find that, for an establishment to be considered as commercially motivated the decisions to establish should be taken to promote normal profit-making enterprises based upon commercially motivated decisions..

Ambulanssjuksköterskan möter i sitt dagliga arbete upprepade situationer med hög stress där hon måste möta och hantera händelser som ligger utanför ramen av normala mänskliga erfarenheter. Stressreaktioner kan ses som en normal reaktion för den som varit med om en traumatisk upplevelse. Många har lärt sig att hantera detta i sin arbetsvardag, men för en del utvecklas denna stressreaktion till att bli långvarig, med en förhöjd risk för att utveckla depression, drog- och alkoholmissbruk samt posttraumatisk stressyndrom (PTSD). Det är betydelsefullt för ambulanssjuksköterskor att ha strategier för att kunna hantera upplevelsen efter traumatiska händelser och därmed kunna förebygga långvariga stressproblem. Syftet med studien var att beskriva ambulanssjuksköterskors upplevelser och hantering av traumatiska händelser i tjänst.

Bakgrund: Att överleva hjärtstopp är ovanligt. I Sverige överlevde 10.6% av alla som drabbats av hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus 2013. Trots detta är hjärtstoppsöverlevare en ökande patientgrupp där statistiken visar en stabilt ökande trend. Det finns i sjukvården ett behov av kunskap och förståelse hur hjärtstoppet påverkar överlevaren ur ett holistiskt perspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att beskriva patienters upplevelse av att ha överlevt ett hjärtstopp samt hur händelsen påverkar livskvaliteten hos överlevaren.

The Squares Family is a game developed as a learning aid in mathematics. With its graphical representation of the decimal system, the four basic arithmetic operations and positive and negative numbers together with a learning agent as pedagogical approach, the game?s primary purpose is to motivate students in their learning of mathematics. Although the game is strictly based on mathematical rules it attempts to encourage students to play and work with math without experiencing it as mathematics as this is initially not obvious. The game being internationally tested on normal performing students, this project introduced the game to six Swedish students who experience low motivation for and/or difficulties in mathematics.

Litteraturstudiens syfte var att beskriva om/hur en kvinnas sociala situation och bakgrund inverkar på hennes ohälsosamma alkoholvanor. Datasökningen genomfördes i databasen MedLine (via PubMed). Nio artiklar uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna och bearbetades samt kvalitetsgranskades. Resultatet visade att olika stadier i en kvinnas liv såsom besvärliga uppväxtförhållanden, en tidig alkoholdebut och dåliga relationer i vuxenlivet inverkar negativt på hennes alkoholkonsumtion. Det fanns också ett klass- och genusperspektiv.

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer which struck women around the world. When a human is exposed to threat or stress, e.g. breast cancer, different coping strategies are used in order to cope with the situation by the afflicted person. The aim of this literature study was to describe how women, who suffered from breast cancer, experienced coping with their situation. Scientific articles were found in the databases Medline (Pub Med) and Cinahl.