Nature´s healing capacity is well known and is today an important asset in the protection against stress. Noise problems in cities and it´s green spaces are increasing which in turn provokes stress and in the long term can lead to cardiovascular diseases. To promote people?s health it is important that natural environments have good soundscapes, research show that visiting natural surroundings and listening to sounds of nature promote rehabilitation and relief stress. The purpose of this essay is to determine the value of rehabilitation in forests in Carlshem and Röbäck.

This study aims to analyze the risks with building new households between railroads and shore, the focus of the study lays on Öbacka strand in Umeå municipality. The study also investigate if a land use conflict has taken place and how it was handled.The paper is based on different documents that was central for the work of planning the households and some interviews with operators that was highly involved with the planning of the area.The results shows that there is several risks with establishing new household between railroads and shores. Mainly because of the exposure of noise from the railways, though the risk for impact on the living environment for animals were low in this case there is a generally risk that it could get negative effects. It also a very important that the availability to the shore is secured. Planning in this type of area involves a great number of operators can easily cause a conflict due to the different perspectives on how the land should be used in the future, and also because of protecting different interests.

The purpose of this project was to find out how reading is affected, and not affected, by different elements on a start page. The site I was studied belongs to the magazine Fitness Magazine, and the current site has a problem. The editorial texts and articles don?t reach out to the visitors. The goal was to make a proposal for a new first page of the web site that highlights the texts and the reading.With the help of interviews, user testing and textual analysis, I studied if the texts were in itself that caused the problem or if it was the design.

In our everyday life we are constantly affected by sound; at home, on our way to and from work, when taking a walk through the woods and when we sleep. In discussions about sound one often talk about noise and to what degree a certain noise disturbs us. The positive qualities of a sound and what sounds contribute to the experience of a good environment is rarely discussed. The question of sound and the quality of sound is given more attention through the expansion of Stockholm, the city is becoming both bigger and more crowded. This raises new questions concerning the planning of the city e.g. should the changes of the sound quality in a place be one of the aspects taken into consideration when planning new buildings, are there ways to improve the sound quality in new building projects? Can we even improve the quality of sound in existing places by simple means? I have chosen to study four different areas in Stockholm; Hötorget, Mariatorget, Berzeliipark and Norrmalmstorg.

På bullriga arbetsplatser använder personal ofta hörselskydd med inbyggda högtalare för att lyssna på exempelvis musik i underhållningssyfte. Om användaren lyssnar på höga ljudnivåer under långa perioder kan bullerskador uppstå i dennes öron. Enligt lagstiftning måste nivån därför begränsas i förebyggande syfte.Bullernivån är ett genomsnitt av de ljudnivåer användaren exponerats för under en arbetsdag. Användaren måste vila öronen om gränsvärdet för bullernivån nås.Om man utnyttjar att det är ett genomsnitt kan användaren tillåtas lyssna på en hög ljudnivå under en begränsad tid för att sedan sänka den. Det går att bevara både säkerheten och lyssningsupplevelsen om en sänkning införs långsamt.Detta arbete beskriver hur en algoritm till en digital signalprocessor kan konstrueras för att reglera ljudnivån.Målsättningen var att algoritmen skulle skydda användarens hörsel utan att försämra lyssningsupplevelsen, och utan att förbruka mer energi än nödvändigt.I algoritmen ingick en prediktor som predikterar mängden buller användaren riskerar att utsättas för, om denne fortsätter lyssna på samma nivå.Långsamma sänkningar av ljudnivån kan då utföras i tid innan gränsvärdet nås.Det visade sig att algoritmen endast behövde ett fåtal samplingar per sekund för att skatta och reglera ljudnivån tillräckligt precist, vilket reducerade energiförbrukningen.Resultatet visar möjligheten att kombinera målen för säkerhet, lyssningsupplevelse och energieffektivitet i hörselskydd.Algoritmen implementerades inte på ett skarpt system.Den hade enbart tillgång till ljudsignalen användaren ämnade lyssna på i underhållningssyfte..

This paper describes the work done trying to diminish the noise present in the signal from an IR-detector. The project was aiming towards two different kinds of applications; heat protection and presence detection. The hypothesis was that the signal-noise ratio would decrease if a filter and a proper installation were used for the detector. Some experiments were executed to determine what kind of filter were the most suitable for each application and how these could be installed. After executing the experiments and evaluate the results we recommend to use a specific filter for each application.

The purpose of this paper is to apply the Dual-Effect hypothesis in Pritmani, Shome and Singal paper (2003), in order to analyze the exchange rate exposure on firms listed on the U.K. market. The study will examine if the foreign involvement of the firm will affect the share price of the firm.In addition to evaluating the Dual-Effect hypothesis in Pritmani et. al. (2003), we will evaluate the effect of foreign interest rates impact on U.K.

The major part of the existing research on psychological effects on participating in war or residing in a war zone shows negative effects on the person?s mental health. However not all research, from an international perspective, shows the same results. Since we haven?t found any research regarding Swedish conditions and there has been a recent implementation of a decision from the Supreme Commander regarding commanded international service for all staff within the Swedish armed forces, the question has now become more relevant.

An open fitting is suitable for persons with sloping hearing loss and relatively good low fre-quency hearing. Sensory neural hearing losses often have this type of configuration. A large ventilation canal gives a greater feeling of comfort and less occlusion. The purpose of this study was to look at the hearing aid benefit of open fitted hearing aids. Self report question-naires were sent out to 102 patients who were given ReSound AIR during the year of 2006 in Uddevalla.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka hur buller påverkar sjukhusmiljön med hänseende på vårdpersonal och patienter. Studiens avsikt omfattar även en undersökning av vårdpersonalens och patienters eventuella olika uppfattningar angående buller. Effekterna av buller och dess omfattning inom vårdavdelningsmiljön har också undersökts. Resultatet av studien visar på att bullermiljön på sjukhus överskrider de riktlinjer för buller som WHO fastslagit. Vidare visar studien på indikationer på att brittiska sjuksköterskors kunskap angående fenomenet buller är bristfällig.

During pre-slaughter handling of pigs the animals are often subjected to methods that induces stress and are a threat to the wellbeing of the animals, such as mixing of groups, loud noise and transportation. A new law will be implemented in 2006 in Sweden that prohibits mechanical noise exceeding 65 dB in abattoirs. The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to examine the effects of noise and transportation on pig behaviour. The activity and aggressiveness of the pigs were examined with behavioural studies during transportation and during three different noise levels: 55, 75 and 95 dB. Before the noise treatments took place the groups were mixed and half of them were transported for approximately 2 hours. In the study 432 pigs were used.

Fire is an important ecological factor, but its consumption of coarse woody debris, CWD, has hardly received any attention. In this study, I investigate the consumption in relation to the time of initial flame exposure and propensity for continued combustion of standing CWD of pine (Pinus sylvestris). Two types of CWD were studied. Firstly, wood that had been dead for one to ten years. Secondly, wood that had been dead for several decades. In the burning experiments, logs of approx.

Background: Companies often invest in foreign subsidiaries and that gives rise to translation exposure. Translation exposure arises with the consolidation of the foreign subsidiary and depends on the rate of exchange that are used for translation of the foreign subsidiary. In time several different methods of translation and recommendations has been developed. Companies listed on OM Stockholmsbörsen shall follow RR8. According to RR8 a classification of foreign subsidiaries as indipendent or integral to the parent company determines which method of translation that should be used.

Landscape architects has many ways of transforming our cities and landscapes. Traditionally, most attention has been put to visual qualities. Pen and paper are well established as the way to present proposals and to analyse in the landscape architects profession and training. But are we perhaps missing out on other ways of seeing the landscape? The purpose of this paper is to present sound as a tool of transformation. Sound in public spaces has long been treated just as noise and therefore unwanted.

Aim and Hypotheses The aim of the study was to investigate how episodic hypoxia affects resting blood pressure and the acute blood pressure response in healthy older adults. The following hypotheses were formulated for analysis in the study: Blood pressure increases acutely in healthy older adults during exposure to 150 minutes of hypoxia with SpO? 80%. Resting blood pressure decreases in healthy older adults after 15 repeated exposures of 150 minutes of hypoxia with SpO? 80% over a period of three to four weeks.