Intensivvårdssjuksköterskans arbete innebär möten med patienter såväl som närstående.Ångest och oro vid kritisk sjukdom är något som inte bara drabbar den enskilde patienten utanhändelserna kan vara lika svåra för den drabbade familjen/närstående. I takt med att demedicintekniska behandlingsmöjligheterna har utvecklats så har ävenintensivvårdssjuksköterskans omvårdnadsansvar ökat. Omvårdnaden bestäms av patientensoch närståendes behov och avspeglar en integration av kompetens, skicklighet och erfarenhetsom är nödvändig för att möta patientens och närståendes behov. Denna studies syfte var attbeskriva intensivvårdssjuksköterskans vilja och förmåga att möta närstående. Genom enlitteraturstudie har vetenskapliga artiklar granskats.

The cardiovascular system is one of the three major body systems. When an animal in a critical state arrives at the animal hospital, it is important to know the normal parameters in order to assess the patient?s cardiovascular status. Triage is a process where you considerate the patient?s condition instead of check in time, or other criteria.

Each year over 3000 children in Sweden lose a parent. The loss of a parent may cause some grave changes in a child?s life, leading to both mental and physical consequences. The purpose of this literature study is to examine the different ways in which health care personnel can better receive and relate to children whose parents are dying or have passed away.Data was collected through such sources as Pubmed, Academic Search Elite and Cinahl, which resulted in the inclusion of sixteen subsequent articles, ten of which were quantitative and six of which were qualitative. Thirteen of the said articles illustrate how children act in response to a dying or deceased parent and what measures were needed for them to move on with their lives.

Bakgrund: I intensivvårdssjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter ingår att räkna och registrera vätskebalans. Normal perspiratio är mellan 800-1100ml/dygn. Vätskeförlust via perspiratio är svårberäknad och hos den kritiskt sjuka patienten är de individuella skillnaderna ännu större och perspiratio kan bli större än normalt.Syfte: Att undersöka om perspiratio räknas in i vätskebalansen samt vilka faktorer som påverkar beräkningen.Metod: En empirisk, deskriptiv och analytisk studie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen skedde genom frågeformulär utdelade till vårdenhetschefer på intensivvårdsavdelningar i Sverige.Resultat: Studien visar att på intensivvårdsavdelningarna var det vanligast att vätskeförlust via perspiratio räknas in i vätskebalansen. På dessa intensivvårdsavdelningar fanns skillnader i vilka faktorer som påverkade beräkningen.

This student report is a literature study about cardiac insufficiency in cats and it is written mainly for veterinary nurses. It is about cats with an underlying heart disease that has led to an incompensated heart failure.It presents a general basis on normal anatomy and physiology, and also how to make the diagnosis, therapy and intensive care.The student report is also about the role of the veterinary nurse during the process of the disease, how to help the veterinarian in the best way, how to handle anesthesia in cats with a heart disease, which factors that can have a significant matter in feeding, and what advices to give to a pet owner with a cat with a incompensated heart failure..

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common hereditary disease that leads to an early death. Earlier CF was considered as a childhood disease but today the expected age is 50 years. CF affects all the epithelial cells in the body which makes mucus and other body fluids more viscous than normal. The thick mucus leads to among other things respiratory problems and infections of the lungs. Today there is no cure, only medicines that controls the symptoms.Aim: To describe parents experiences living with a child with CF.

The aim of this literature review was primarily to describe how the nurse can involve the parents in the care for their premature baby, and secondly to describe the aim, design, method, population and quality of the reviewed studies. Searches have been made in different databases in order to find articles where the search words ?neonatal care?, ?neonatalvård?, ?premature infants? and ?nurse? were included. The literature review was based on 12 scientific articles. The results of the study were divided into six categories; The nursing staff?s relation to the parents, Support group, ?Home-early program?, Decision-making, A work in progress and A safe and efficient method.

ABSTRACTBackground: The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Early intervention in form of medication, advice on self-management and lifestyle changes is necessary to avoid complications. Few Swedish studies are made on the diabetes nurse?s views on promotion of self- management.Purpose: To examine the diabetes specialist nurse?s experience of promoting self-management to patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care.  Method: A qualitative explorative study where eight diabetes nurses were interviewed. The interview guide consisted of semistructed questions concerning the promotion of self-management.Results: The diabetes nurse?s role in promoting patient self-management is significant, if resources are available in the form of adequate time for the patient and good team work.

Bakgrund: Patienters upplevelser av intensivvård har i många studier undersökts från ett kvalitativt perspektiv. För att kunna skapa resultat som är generaliserbara behövs kvantitativa studier som utgår från validerade instrument.Syfte: Syftet är att översätta, validera och testa instrumentet Intensive Care Experience Questionnaire (ICEQ), vilket har för avsikt att undersöka patienters upplevelser av att vårdas på intensivvårdsavdelning.Metod: Instrumentet översattes till svenska i en process som inkluderade både expertgruppsbedömning och back-translation till engelska. Den svenska versionen av ICEQ (items=31) testades i en pilotstudie med patienter som vårdats på en intensivvårdsavdelning.Resultat: Deltagarna (n=14) hade en medianålder på 59 år och medelvårdtid på 2,0 dygn. Majoriteten var nöjda med vården, men många patienter som erhållit invasiv ventilatorbehandling hade skrämmande upplevelser. Genom en explorativ faktoranalys skapades fyra kategorier av frågor.

Background:Existential and spiritual thoughts are a big part of pallative care. The terms existential and spiritual can be understood in many different ways. It may mean thoughts about faith or thoughts concerning life and death. The nurse in palliative care need to have good communication skills, be responsible and be present and supportive in meeting with the patient.Aim:To describe the nurse's experiences of meeting patients' existential and spiritual thoughts in palliative care.Methods:A literature review based on 10 scientific studies have been done. The studies have been downloaded from the following scientific databases; Academic Search preimer, CINAHL Plus with   Full Text, and PubMed.

This study rises up an untouched area of ??research where the relationship between newly arrived parents and teachers is examined from a structural perspective. Previous research has looked only at the interaction between parents and teacher; this study is thus a theoretical contribution to the research. The aim of the study is met by examining the perceptions newly arrived parents have of their meeting with the Swedish school, the relationship with their children?s teacher, cooperation, collaboration between home and school, as well as their own influence in their children's learning.

Sjölin, C. Träning för bättre samarbete. En litteraturstudie om simulering som verktyg för att förbättra teamarbetet i akuta situationer. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och samhälle.

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.

Background: When a patient suffer from a disease and is in need of palliative care, it is normal to have existential questions and thoughts. For some patients these questions can be painful and the nurse need to have knowledge about dealing with these kind of questions and thoughts to be able to relieve and/or prevent this kind of suffering.Aim: The aim was to describe how the nurse can prevent the existential suffering among patients with palliative care.Method: A literature-based study was based on eight qualitative studies.Results: The results showed that nurses meet patients in the palliative care environment which may suffer from existential problems when their questions and thoughts don´t get answered. It showed that the most important a nurse can do is to give time to these calls and build up a safe relation to the patient. This allows the nurse to read the patients existential questions and observing possibly suffering. The result is organized in two categories "To see and confirm" and " To listen and give support" and see subcategories " Use body language", " Create reliable relationship", respond to the existential questions", "Give the patient time", " take help from others in hard situations" and "to focus on other things"Conclusion: It is easy to only focus on the physical illness while caring for a patient and believe that it is creating suffering.

Background: In Sweden about 19000 people fall victims of sudden death every year. This covers around 20% of all deaths. Relatives are those who are closest to the patient, regardless of the type of relationship. When a patient suddenly dies this affects the relatives and they can suffer from high risk of complicated grief reactions or crises. Being the nearest professional contact in these situations, the nurse has an important role in supporting and guiding the relatives.Aim: The aim of this literature review was to nominate the relatives' needs of support from the nurse when a loved person suddenly dies.Method: The literature review was based on seven articles with a quality approach.Results:The analysis resulted in four themes; "to be seen and confirmed", "information", "take farewell" and "follow-up ".To be able to give support both mentally and physically, it is important for the nurse to give proper attention to the relatives.