The aim of this thesis is, from a business perspective, to examine how the pharmacy chain Medstop is working with their positioning in order to achieve competitiveness in the re-regulated pharmacy market. This is studied through a theoretical framework that demonstrates five forces that affects the competitiveness in an industry, the five-force model by Michael Porter.The thesis is a qualitative case study where data collection was done through interviews, literature, articles, websites and internal information from Medstop. The data was then complied into the theoretical perspective the authors have chosen for this paper, the five-force model by Michael Porter. This model was chosen because it gives a broad description of the competition a company faces by describing five different forces that affect the competition within a branch. The fact was collected on the basis of the marketing strategy positioning, and the essay is written from a business perspective.Our cunclusions are that the pharmacy chain Medstop are in their initial positioning and has chosen to position itself on the basis of their core values; credibility, safety and security.

Fildelning och dess koppling till piratkopiering är ett ämne som ligger högaktuellt i vårt samhälle vad det gäller kultur, lagstiftning, teknikutveckling och musikdistribution.I dagsläget talas det frekvent om unga som jublar och använder fildelningsprogram för att ladda ner mängder av "gratis" musik från Internet, samtidigt som skivbolagen förlorar stora summor pengar. Vår undersökning syftar till att belysa två skivbolags bemötande av denna komplicerade utveckling utifrån ett kommunikationsvetenskapligt perspektiv.Det något obestämda begreppet Issues Management har satts i fokus för undersökningen. Issues Management kan i korthet beskrivas som en funktion inom Public Relations som innefattar en identifikation, planering och bemötande av en angeläget i syfte att möjliggöra en organisations anpassning till samhällsförändringar, istället för att sträva emot dem. Samtidigt ger uppsatsen argument för att angelägenheten som dykt upp kan vara så problematisk att den i sin tur kan påverka den tillämpade PR-modellen. För de undersökta skivbolagen skulle detta innebära en förändring från ett asymmetriskt arbete i riktning mot ett mer symmetriskt arbete.I skivbolagens strategiska arbete verkar det för nuvarande inte finnas mycket förståelse för att klyftan mellan konsumenter och skivbolag, vad det gäller fildelning, kan mötas genom att utröna gemensamma intressen i ett vinna-vinna-läge..

Abstract   Cinematic time is the most complex of all: it is composed of public time (clock), personal time (experienced) and in addition, it can run backwards, be contingent, stored and (re)created. The present study examines some aspects of cinematic time, with special reference to the instant, the moment and the present. The strictly defined instant or moment does not exist. It is a passage between the past and the future and it is impossible to record on film or a photograph. One example is the moment of death, which is an abstraction with zero duration.

Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i PR-världens anammande av bloggar. För denna studie undersöks bloggar som använts i PR- och marknadsföringssyfte där bloggens verkliga avsändare inte varit känd för majoriteten av bloggens läsare. Två specifika bloggar har valts ut för denna studie, bloggen Black Ascot som syftade till att skapa uppmärksamhet kring Malmö Opera samt bloggen Stefan The Swopper som var en del i en kampanj för Posten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och därigenom ge kunskap om hur bloggar används och utformas i PR- och kampanjverksamhet. Därmed är syftet också att undersöka vilka de strategiska tankegångarna bakom de för uppsatsen utvalda bloggarna varit samt hur dessa bloggar kan anses vara förenliga med gängse PR-etik.

The aim of this Masters thesis is to examine the library discourses concerning the phenomenon and concept of digital libraries in Swedish library press 1980-2002. What changes can be identified? The questions are: what is said about the conditions for the phenomenon; how is the concept of digital libraries used; who makes these statements; what are the relations between these discussions and the library context in which they are made? Five Swedish library journals, BBL/Biblioteksbladet, DIK-forum, Human IT, Svensk biblioteksforskning and Tidskrift för dokumentation, were examined. The method used was discourse analysis. The theoretical starting-point was Foucaults discourse theory.

Non-profit organizations? communicational challenges in a glocal market? A pre-study to a communication plan for the non-profit organization Humlan.This study intends to examine and analyze the current strategic position of the non-profit organization Humlan, and how the organization can develop their communicational efforts to make themselves more competitive in the glocalized market in which they compete. This has been examined by qualitative interviews with the employees of the Humlan, and a quantitative survey of Humlans potential target group, students. The results of the interviews showed that the employees of Humlan experienced the competition in the market as fierce, and that they experienced a need to communicate their uniqueness as a non-profit organization. The employees also expressed a wish for the Humlan brand to become associated with quality. In turn, the student survey showed that the students had a low knowledge-level regarding Humlan, that they were interested in a wide array of cultural expressions, and that they mainly wanted to communicate with Humlan by taking part of information such as news.In summary, the study showed that Humlan could develop their communicational efforts by creating awareness about the organization and its uniqueness among students.

This essay concerns the notion of how immigration politics, defined as a political discursive structure that explains and justifies how and why the movement of people into a state's territory is restricted and controlled, has come to present its purpose not as solidarity with the 'immigrants' wanting to enter the state but as a protective measure for the state's citizens. By using discourse theory combined with theories from the International Relations field I attempt to explain why and how such a discourse positions 'immigrants' as a threat to the state.First, I concentrate on why an immigration politics discourse would position 'immigrants' as a threat. I argue that in order for people to construct their identity, the 'outside' what they "are not" has to be repressed. In the same way, the state has to dislocate the "outside" and create threats to uphold its supremacy. These boundaries are set to create a feeling of predictability and security, and ultimately they are a way of making peoples' "world" coherent.

Internet and social networks have become important features in today?s society. We spend numerous hours on browsing and communicating through these platforms. This development has also led to a shift of power from businesses to consumers. Today?s consumers have more control of if, when and what messages they are exposed to.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate teachers´attitudes to and work with outdoor education in preschool. The aim is also to identify the opportunities and barriers that exist to conduct outdoor education. In my research I have interviewed six preschool teachers in a medium sized municipality, where five of the teachers worked in the suburbs to the Big City and one teacher worked in the downtown Big City. All respondents in the study were in favor of conducting outdoor education. The respondents claimed that it promoted children´s health and motor skills. The result also shows that the teachers saw a great opportunity for learning related to outdoor education, by using the resources of nature.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en förståelse för apoteksmarknadens utveckling, med fokus på positionerings-, kommunikations-, relations och varumärkesstrategier, efter omregleringen av det statliga apoteksmonopolet. Uppsatsen grundar sig på en kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats och deduktiva drag. Vi har valt att genomföra fem intervjuer med olika aktörer på apoteksmarknaden samt en kommunikationsbyrå med inriktning på läkemedelsbranschen. Våra huvudsakliga teoretiska områden är varumärke, segmentering, positionering, relationer samt kommunikation som vi ämnar belysa. Vår insamlade empiri bygger på apoteksaktörernas syn på hur deras organisation förhåller sig till våra huvudsakliga teoretiska områden. Detta kompletteras med deras framtida syn på apoteksmarknaden. För att få en oberoende bild av marknaden så har vi avslutningsvis tagit del av en kommunikationsbyrå syn på hur marknaden förhåller sig.Våra slutsatser baseras på tendenser vi har uppfattat under intervjuerna samt den teoretiska referensram vi har använt oss av. Vi har lagt märke till att positioneringen inte skiljer sig så mycket som man kan tro, då vi intervjuade aktörerna så pass tidigt efter omregleringen.

During the last years, the moral and ethics in companies has been a growing subject in media. Large multinational companies are to a bigger extent using workforce in developing countries and the working conditions at the workplaces in those countries, are more or less controlled. Even if a company carefully controls its own business, it can be using subcontractors that for instance use child labour or forced labour, or in some other way makes human rights abuses. When the world gets more globalized and the market where the companies act gets bigger, there will be new issues for companies to handle. The companies have to satisfy not only the interests of the costumers and the shareholders, but also the environment around it, containing many different stakeholders.

Background:When the patient is critically ill the family is in a vulnerable position. The nurse's role is to support and help the family to find meaning in the difficult situation and to provide realistic hope. Balancing between the patient's and the family's needs is difficult. Knowledge about how nurses experience difficulties in the interaction with family is required in order to grant good care too critically ill patients and their family-members.Aim:To describe nurses' perceived difficulties in the interaction with family-members of critically ill patients.Method:The study is a qualitative literature-based study based on qualitative research. Results: The analysis resulted in four main themes; difficult disunion, environmental constraints, interpersonal difficulties and communicative difficulties.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och analysera hur relationer ser ut mellan musikbolag och fans och hur de olika parterna upplever dem. För att uppfylla detta syfte har vi formulerat två forskningsfrågor:Vad kan fans uppfatta som värdeskapande i en relation med musikbolagen och vilka effekter kan detta få på relationen?Vad karaktäriserar musikbolagens arbete för att skapa och utveckla relationen mellan artist och fans?Uppsatsen är ett resultat av en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv ansats. Vi har genomfört semi-strukturerade intervjuer via telefon, Skype samt chattmeddelanden för att få en djup empiri från relevanta personer inom musikbranschen samt fans.Uppsatsens resultat visar att musikbolagens arbete med att skapa och utveckla relationer till stor del bygger på att identifiera vilka sociala plattformar som olika målgrupper befinner sig på. Utifrån detta skapas strategier för att kommunicera med fans och därmed kan relationer med dessa skapas och utvecklas och värdeskapande processer kan erbjudas till fansen.Vad fans uppfattar som värdeskapande är bland annat erbjudanden om tävlingar och förmåner så som förköp av konsertbiljetter.

Fairy tales are commonly considered to be both timeless and classless. Since the 17th century, when most of the tales we have access to today were first collected and published, the idea that fairy tales are part of an oral tradition, and therefore more or less uninfluenced by academic and literary trends, have been dominant amongst researchers, critics and readers. This idea needs to be revaluated. Even if the tales might have their roots in an oral tradition the history of the fairy tale ?is not primarily a history of oral transmission, but rather a history of print?, as Elizabeth Wanning Harries puts it (Wanning Harries, 2001:4).

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate nurses? experiences of communicating with patients with immigrant backgrounds regarding language barriers, patient relations and use of interpreter. Method: Eight persons participated in this study. Four registered midwives were interviewed in a focus group and one clinical lecturer with a district nursing background, one midwife and two district nurses were individually interviewed about their experiences. The content was analysed using a qualitative content analysis.