Due to the political system in Vietnam, all organizations in Vietnam need a permit to operate in the country and consequently, have to balance their mission, their main purpose of being in the country, with the fact that they are dependant on the government to give them the permit they need to stay in the country.With this as our basis, the main focus of this essay has been to identify different types of relations that exist between the Vietnamese state and International Non Governmental Organisations (INGOs) in Vietnam. Since we have interviewed people representing INGOs, our result is based on their experience of this relationship. By using Najam's Four-C's Model, we established that the more traditional INGOs which principally provide services, predominantly have a cooperative relationship with the state, whereas radical INGOs which are committed to policy change, mostly have a relationship which is characterised by conflict..

Uppsatsen handlar om svenska tidningars debatt efter mordet på Fadime Sahindal 2002. Hon sköts till döds av sin kurdiske far som tyckte att hon fläckat familjens heder. Mitt syfte var att ta reda på hur debattörerna såg på den kurdiska kulturens roll i sammanhanget. Jag valde ut åtta debattartiklar som publicerades i Sveriges största morgon- och kvällstidningar den första tiden efter mordet. Artiklarna var skrivna av åtta olika skribenter, fyra män och fyra kvinnor med både svenska och kurdiska bakgrunder, som alla haft nyckelroller i debatten.

Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes - BCECTS is a common neurological syndrome but the possible cognitive effects are still relatively unknown. In the study 12 children with the diagnose BCECTS, 9 boys and 3 girls between the ages of 5,5 and 13,5 years, were examined. An extensive battery of neuropsychological tests were administered. The results indicates normal cognitive functioning as compared to the normal population, with one exception; an aspect of attention. But the results also indicate several negatively effected performances when compared to the cognitive g-factor of each child.

The aims of the silvicultural method natural regeneration of spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) in birch (Betula pendula and pubescens) shelterwoods are to establish a new stand of tree seedl-ings and to protect those from high groundwater levels, frost damages and grass competition during its first life years. The aim of this work has been to (i) describe how shelterwood and stand characteristics influ-ence the results from using natural regeneration of spruce protected by a shelterwood of birch, and to (ii) compare those regeneration results with planting of spruce after soil scarification in clear-cut areas. Totally 17 harvesting sites have been inventoried and 15 of those included natural regenera-tion in birch shelterwoods, and two were subjects to soil scarification and planting of spruce. The sites represented 7-10 year old final cuts and are located in the coastal (eastern) region of the province of Norrbotten in Sweden. In all areas shelterwood and stand characteristics, as well as the number of main crop seedlings and the height of the highest main crop spruce seedling, were estimated and registered in all areas.

AbstractA prerequisite to be able to use semi-natural pastures in an optimal way is knowledge about their conditions and properties. One thing to consider is the amount of herbage mass that can be produced during one season on different types of semi-natural pastures. That knowledge makes it easier to choose which type of animals and how many you are able to have in each paddock to maintain a high biodiversity and achieve the desired production of the animals at the same time.This study was performed in nine different semi-natural pastures around Uppsala. The paddocks were already mapped with regard to different vegetation types. Exclosure cages were placed on previously fertilized, mesic, dry, shaded and wet vegetation.

The fitting room is an important part of a clothing store, it's often where the customer decides if they want to buy the garment or not. Therefore it is important that the customer can feel safe and comfortable when they are trying the clothing. A typical fitting room in Sweden today has only one bright spotlight that emits light either towards the face or from the ceiling above. This study explores possible lighting solutions that take into account the customer's experience in the fitting room.The study aim to increase understanding of the importance of a good light in fitting rooms, so that customers gets a nice experience and that clothes, body shape and facial features are shown in a natural way. The issue therefore included how lighting can affect the customer's perception of the clothing and how the perception of body shape, facial features and the clothes change in different lighting solutions.To answer these questions, observations were made in various clothing stores, followed by an experimental study divided into two parts.

Hemp is an old agricultural plant and has been used for hundreds of years for making textiles, ropes and other fibre products. In the middle of the last century the Swedish government prohibited all growing of hemp. Natural fibres were replaced by syntetic fibres instead. Today there is a newly awakened interest for using natural fibres from renewable materials. Growing of industrial hemp for fiber is allowed in Sweden again. I want in my Paper give Swedish growers an insight of which harvesting methods that have been tried in Sweden and how they worked.

Taiwan räknas idag inte som en stat, har ingen plats i FN, och territoriet efterfrågas av Kina. Hur ser möjligheterna ut för en lösning av problematiken mellan Kina och Taiwan? En problematik som dessutom har en lång historia och vars grund främst står att finna i revolutionen 1949 i Kina. Framförallt Peter Wallensteens teorier om uppskjutande till framtiden och förändrade positioner, som konfliktlösningsmekanismer anses vara relevant. Den ökande globaliseringen och interdependensen samt det omfattande ekonomiska utbytet mellan aktörerna i vårt fall är också relevanta faktorer för utvecklingen.

In two feeding experiments Bacillus induced priming of plant defense was tested for its effect against the generalist insect pest Spodoptera littoralis. The main hypothesis for the study was that Bacillus induced priming would enable the plant Arabidopsis thaliana to defend itself better against this insect herbivore since this priming seems to involve jasmonic acid, known to be important for plant defense to insects. A secondary objective of the study was to examine if any differences in a primed defense capability could be seen between different natural genetic variants (ecotypes) of A. thaliana reflecting habitat differences in pest pressure. The methods used for plant cultivation and Bacillus inoculation were aimed at reflecting conditions that can be expected in an agricultural cropping system. This meant that all plants were cultivated in soil, and the feeding experiments were conducted with the plants growing intact in the soil system.

I över 50 år har Kongo-Kinshasa varit utsatt for krig, och landet präglas idag av en skenande statskollaps. Vi har utkristalliserat tre fundamentala orsaker till konflikten som anses relevanta i samband med vår frågestallning, vilken behandlar FN-styrkan MONUC: s insatser i landet. Maktspel över Kongos enorma naturtillgångar, politisk problematik och etniska skiljelinjer är grunden till såväl konflikten som landets politiska instabilitet. FN-styrkan, som är en av de största i sitt slag och har befunnit sig i landet sedan år 2000, arbetar mot fredsbevarande och fredsfrämjande mål vilka ofta fokuserat på att mildra den humanitära katastrof som råder. Granskning har genomförts av MONUC: s arbete i att vara behjälpliga till att motverka de viktigaste källorna till konflikten.

Purpose: The purpose is to examine more closely why the achievement of the environmental goals is so low. To within the thesis work to make this as interesting and with as good quality as possible, especially the environmental quality goal Reduced climate impact, but also Natural acidification and Protective ozone layer, has been chosen to be studied further. Method: A qualitative method and text analysis has been applied. Intervention theory, as Vedung 2009 describes, is used as an intellectual backbone and as a help to structure the essay. The three environmental quality goals correspond cases, or units of analysis. Analysis: The fulfillment of the respective environmental quality goals is analyzed according to its goal, policy instruments, implementation and its effects. To this some of the problems are analyzed that exist on the path to achieve the goals.

In this thesis I discuss and analyse the use of violence of Basque radical nationalists after the 11th of September 2001 and the bombing of Madrid the 11th of March 2004. The field study is performed in the Basque country with interviews both on the French and Spanish side of the border with representatives from the Basque Nationalist Liberation Movement (BNLM).After the 11th of September the Spanish government continued its struggle against the countries own terror - ETA. But as the research will show the new political context after the 11/9 made it possible for the state to intensify the labelling of groups from the BNLM as terrorist organisations and thereby putting its members and leaders in prison for terrorism. My research shows that this social change may lead to a mobilisation of activists inside ETA, which in turn might create a continuity of the group's use of violence. The scenario is though challenged by an other setting in which the political situation after the 11/9 have made use of violence by militant groups like ETA illegitimate and irrational as a consequence of the mental trauma among the people of the western world.

Sweden is currently a country in which a large amount of children?s time has changed to be spent within institutions, for small children these institutions are preschools. These are places where notions are created regarding what children are, what?s good for children, what?s normal and desirable regarding children. The purpose of this study has been to decipher what?s considered desirable and what notions or ideas regarding children are prevalent in preschools with an I Ur och Skur profile.

Den statsvetenskapliga forskningen har påvisat ett ansvarsskifte från offentliga aktörer till privata. I samhällen där gränsen mellan offentligt och privat luckrats upp har frågor som tidigare riktades enbart mot offentlig sektor numera även adresserats gentemot privat sektor. Sedan 2000-talets början har frågan om vem som bör bära ansvaret för de mänskliga rättigheterna blivit viktigt på den internationella dagordningen. År 2000 lanserade FN ett initiativ om Global Compact som baseras på ?corporate social responsibility? med mjuk reglering.Denna uppsats belyser frågan kring detta ansvarsskifte utifrån de teorier som utvecklats om corporate social responsibility och mjuk reglering.

Maffian ? ett sedan många år tillbaka djuprotat och inflytelserikt brottssyndikat i Italien ? har under årens lopp spridit skräck bland allmänheten. Genom att mörda statliga representanter såsom åklagare, domare och poliser samt muta politiker och tjänstemän, har Maffian placerat sig högt upp i den italienska samhällshierarkin. Maffian ser sig idag som ett fullfjädrat alternativ till den statliga makten.Vi har gjort en fallstudie över Maffian i södra Italien i syfte att belysa hur denna kriminella organisation och dess allierade har påverkat demokratin och det sociala kapitalet i landet. Genom teorier om att italiens maffiarelaterade verksamhet leder till fördärv av demokratin, har vi kommit fram till att ett flertal demokratiska principer och instanser såsom exempelvis majoritetsprincipen och rättssystemet har tagit skada och urholkats.