It is essential to reuse- and recycles residues to decrease the amount of deposit materials and reach sustainable energy use. Two ways to work towards this is to recycle wood ashes to the forest as nutrient compensation and extract biogas from combustion of biomass.The aim with this study was to decide whether wood ashes that been used for biogas upgrading with accelerated carbonation also can be used as a nutrient compensation in the woods according to recommendations from the Swedish Forest Agency (Skogsstyrelsen).The ashes that were used in this study came from Johan Andersson who works at JTI in Uppsala, who also treated the ashes with biogas. The ashes have, in both untreated and treated condition, been analyzed in this study according to contents of elements, leaching properties, hardening properties and contents of crystalline phases, to evaluate what impact carbonation with biogas has on the ashes.The accelerated carbonation led to hardening of the ash, and decreased amount of CaO- and increased amount of CaCO3. The CO2-uptake also entails a dilution of the elements, and the content of nutrients and trace elements decreases. However the results show an indication of an uptake of S from the biogas to the ash, since the dilution had a smaller impact on S than the rest of the elements.

The European identity plays an important role for the EU and especially within its will to further integrate its citizens, hence it is a way for individuals to not only identify with its nation, yet also with Europe. Previous research has already established that an individual can possess two territorial identities, such as a national and a European identity, above all it has established how the identities can equally interplay. Further it has been explained how territorial identities are composed of two aspects: civic and cultural. While the previous research has stated how the European identity possesses both aspects, though to varying degrees, little attention has been put to examine how individuals who possesses multiple territorial identification, defines its European identity. This study therefore aims to study which aspects, civic or cultural, individuals with a citizenship who possess multiple territorial identification, assign their European identity.

The economic growth in Ireland, during the 1990s, lead to changing migration patterns. Ireland became a destination country for immigrants instead of an emigration country. Before 2004 people who were born on the island of Ireland had a constitutional right to Irish citizenship. This right was removed after a referendum in 2004.National identity is a sense of community constructed through common history and defines who belongs to the nation. The purpose of this thesis is to do a critical discourse analysis of the debate in media before the referendum.The analysis was done on texts from The Irish Times, one of the major newspapers in Ireland.

Innevarande studie syftar till att med hj?lp av Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska teori unders?ka hur fyra f?rskoll?rare resonerar om hur de st?ttar alla barn under samlingen. Syftet med studien mynnade ut i fr?gest?llningar om hur f?rskoll?rare skapar en milj? som fr?mjar alla barns delaktighet under samlingen och vilka f?ruts?ttningar f?rskoll?rare anser att de beh?ver f?r att g?ra det. Den empiri som ligger till grund f?r studien best?r av intervjuer med f?rskoll?rare.

The purpose of this article is to investigate how and from which sources librarians collect information on their profession with respect to factors that are important for their work. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire-based survey will be conducted at three medium-sized central-public-libraries in southern Sweden. Using this survey, I wish to answer the following four questions: To what extent do librarians acquaint themselves with changes and developments within regional and cultural policy arenas important to their work? To what extent do librarians acquaint themselves with information using conferences and library debates that are focussed on changes and developments relevant to their work? Do librarians consider that they have enough time within the limits of their work hours to follow developments within the librarian profession, for example with respect to developments within information technology, and how would they appraise the future demand for information technology-based services at the library? From which source(s) do librarians collect information relevant to their work? The theoretical basis of this paper can be compared to a radar as it scans subjects-of-interest to the organization in the field of business intelligence. This investigation uses a quantitative method, with data collected via a survey consisting of 13 questions.

Detta arbete har sin utgångspunkt i Strategi 2020, som är en nationell strategi skapad av Svensk Turism AB, där visionen är att fördubbla omsättningen av svensk turism på 10 år. Strategiarbetet går ut på att utveckla ett antal exportmogna destinationer och att ena Sveriges alla aktörer kring en gemensam Sverigebild som marknadsförs till de målgrupper man funnit vara intresserade av Sverige som besöksland. Efter att ha granskat strategiarbetet och Sverigebilden har jag noterat att det i dagsläget inte finns några satsningar på att förbättra det svenska värdskapet, vilket jag anser vara relevant, dels som konkurrenskraft mot andra destinationer, men även för att nå det utsatta målet till 2020. I detta arbete har jag undersökt hur man på sikt kan förbättra det svenska värdskapet genom att arbeta med barn som är mellan sex och tolv år gamla. Jag har tittat på olika framgångsrika miljöprojekt som riktats till barn i samma åldersgrupp för att få inspiration till hur ett värdskapsarbete skulle kunna se ut.

In tune with the cross-border trade the infringement of intellectual property rights has become a growing problem in Europe and the rest of the world. In June 2008 negotiations about a new international agreement was initiated between Europe, its member states and ten other countries, which will restrict infringements of intellectual property rights. The agreement is called ACTA, which stands for Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement. On January 26, 2012 the European Union (EU) and twenty-two of its twenty-seven member states signed a letter of intent to the agreement and the EU?s internal processes of the agreement began.

Abstrakt I mitt arbete har jag ur olika aspekter analyserat det slutprov (Skåneprovet) på A-kursen i historia, vilket på initiativ av historielärarnas förening genomfördes 2004 på några gymnasieskolor i Skåne. Man ville härmed titta närmare på attityden till provet och skapa en debatt om historieämnets status och vilka möjligheter som finns till en nationell bedömning.290 elever från olika utbildningar deltog i provet, som bestod av fem delar, där det bl.a. ingick analys av och diskussion kring historiska skeenden, samtal utifrån historiskt perspektiv och källkritiska ställningstaganden. Vid konstruktionen av provet hade man naturligtvis utgått från läroplanens målbeskrivning. Syftet med mitt arbete är att ta reda på vad elever och lärare anser om obligatoriska slutprov och huruvida Skåneprovet följer de riktlinjer som gäller för provkonstruktion.

Bakgrund: Ma?ltiden a?r central fo?r en ma?nniskas fysiska och psykiska va?lma?ende. Malnutrition a?rett vanligt problem i den a?ldre populationen.Syfte: Att underso?ka hur personer boende pa? tva? va?rd- och omsorgsboenden fo?r a?ldre i Uppsala la?n upplever sin ma?ltidsmiljo? samt hur det egna behovet av egenva?rdssto?d och inflytande mo?ts under ma?ltiden utifra?n faktorerna fysisk och social ma?ltidsmiljo?, hja?lpmedel, egenva?rd och sja?lvbesta?mmande.Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. A?tta informanter pa? va?rd- och omsorgsboenden fo?r a?ldre i Uppsala la?n intervjuades, informanterna valdes genom ett strategiskt urval.

Den minskade fysiska aktiviteten bland barn och ungdomar håller på att få förödande konsekvenser för folkhälsan. Trots att kunskapen finns om hur viktig den fysiska aktiviteten är för den motoriska, sociala, psykiska och fysiska utvecklingen fortsätter andå statusen av ämnet Idrott och hälsa att vara låg. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva gymnasielevers vanor avseende fysisk aktivitet samt analysera vad skolan kan göra för att förbättra hälsan hos eleverna. Metoden som användes var en enkätundersökning. Urvalsgruppen utgjordes av 65 elever, varav 41 flickor och 24 pojkar, i årskurs 2 på en gymnasieskola i Skåne.Resultatet visar att 74% av eleverna ägnar sig åt motion minst 3 ggr/vecka: Femtiofem procent tycke om att röra på sig och lika många var fysiskt aktiva som barn.Slutsatser som kan dras av detta är att många elever tycker om att röra på sig men för att alla ska bli nådda är skolan en viktig arena som borde ta sitt ansvar.

The purpose of this essay is to examine and compare the news covering of Swedens three biggest cities (the metropolitan areas) and their surrounding areas with the covering of the rest of the country (the provincial areas) in two daily national newspapers, Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The aim has been to answer the following questions:- What amount of the news coverage in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter concern the metropolitan areas compared to the provincial areas, and how do these two newspapers differ in the news covering of these areas?- Is there a difference in the news articles size and content, depending on weather they concern the metropolitan or the provincial areas?- How has the balance between news concerning metropolitan and provincial areas changed over the recent 20 years?The theories used in this study are News values, the media commercialization and Popular Journalism, and The Agenda Setting Theory. The method that has been used is a Quantitative Content Analysis.Despite the essays hypothesis, that the news coverage in the two newspapers would be dominated by material from the metropolitan areas, the result showed that a majority of the examined articles concern the provincial areas. It also showed that Aftonbladet has a bigger percentage of provincial news than Dagens Nyheter.

The purpose of this essay is to examine and compare the news covering of Swedens three biggest cities (the metropolitan areas) and their surrounding areas with the covering of the rest of the country (the provincial areas) in two daily national newspapers, Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The aim has been to answer the following questions:- What amount of the news coverage in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter concern the metropolitan areas compared to the provincial areas, and how do these two newspapers differ in the news covering of these areas?- Is there a difference in the news articles size and content, depending on weather they concern the metropolitan or the provincial areas?- How has the balance between news concerning metropolitan and provincial areas changed over the recent 20 years?The theories used in this study are News values, the media commercialization and Popular Journalism, and The Agenda Setting Theory. The method that has been used is a Quantitative Content Analysis.Despite the essays hypothesis, that the news coverage in the two newspapers would be dominated by material from the metropolitan areas, the result showed that a majority of the examined articles concern the provincial areas. It also showed that Aftonbladet has a bigger percentage of provincial news than Dagens Nyheter.

Det har under senare år flitigt debatterats om Public Service vara eller inte vara. Vissa hävdar att Public Service är en föråldrad kvarleva av monopoltiden som borde avvecklas och att TV-utbudet ändå skulle hålla en hög kvalitet. Andra däremot menar att Public Service idag är ?viktigare än någonsin?. Vad man än tycker om programutbudet som SVT, SR och UR har kan man inte förneka att det ligger mycket tid och arbete bakom deras produktioner.Uppsatsen behandlar ämnet Public Service i relation till det samiska programutbudet i Sveriges television.

Det är viktigt att alla kan känna sig fria att använda den fysiska miljön. För det krävs bl.a. en god tillgänglighet. År 2001 antog riksdagen en nationell handlingsplan för handikappolitiken som ger riktlinjer om ökad tillgänglighet bl.a. ska enkelt avhjälpta hinder åtgärdas senast år 2010.

In a recently published official Report from the Swedish Government (SOU 2010:73) a leg- islative proposal has been introduced. Its main purpose is to prevent parallel registrations of ships that are bareboat chartered to other countries. The legislative proposal claims that by preventing parallel registration of ships the Swedish Maritime Code will better corre- spond with the UN convention on the law of the sea.The UN convention on the law of the sea clearly states that ships are forbidden to fly two flags. There is however no restriction concerning parallel registration, simultaneously, in two registers. A ship that is bareboat chartered out from Sweden does not fulfil criteria re- quired in order to be deregistered, according to the Swedish maritime code.