The aim of this essay is to investigate how patrons, librarians and indexers use subject headings to describe and index fiction literature. We wanted to know if the groups concentrated on different levels in the text from a semiotic viewpoint, where words either can describe the manifest/connotative meaning or the latent/denotative. To investigate this we had four fiction indexers, four librarians working with fiction for adults and eight library users read and index four short stories. After that we did interviews asking them about how they were thinking when describing the texts, how they use subject headings, about their opinions on indexing and, in the interviews with the librarians and indexers, about their usual work assignments. The subject headings they listed were analysed according to the level they described.

Människor bedöms ibland enbart utifrån sitt kön och denna studie syftade till att undersöka dessa könsstereotypa värderingar. Deltagarna, 172 högskolestudenter (129 kvinnor, 43 män) i Sverige, fick på Schein Descriptive Index skatta antingen sig själva, kvinnor eller män i allmänhet på 92 egenskaper. Detta för att utreda om kvinnor och män bedömdes olika av andra och/eller sig själva, om bedömningen av könen stämde överens med kvinnors respektive mäns självskattningar samt om den egna könstillhörigheten påverkade skattningarna. Resultatet visade att kvinnor och män skattades som mer olika jämfört med vad självskattningarna visade samt att deltagarna var mer ense om kvinnors egenskaper än om mäns egenskaper. Vissa resultat stämde överens med tidigare forskningsresultat och andra inte, vilket ger motivation för utökade studier.Key words: gender-stereotypes, stereotypes, in-group, out-group, Schein Descriptive Index..

Purpose: This study aims to examine the price transmission among ADRs (American Depositary Receipts) and their underlying shares, US market index and Hong Kong market index. We will attempt to capture how a shock in the home market is transmitted to the foreign (and vice versa). In addition we will attempt to assess the relative weight of each variable in the system generating unexpected variations of its own and other variables and at what speed the shocks are absorbed.Methodology: ADF unit root test, Johansen?s co-integration test, Granger causality test, VECM, impulse response, variance decomposition Empirical foundation: Five Chinese ADRs listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Each ADR represents a specific industry.

Purpose: The purpose with our study is to accomplish a quantitative research of all municipalities in Sweden and see why they apply Balanced Scorecard. The study will also investigate the spread of Balanced Scorecard, even the benefits and how they use it. Method: In our study we have chosen a quantitative research. The study has been accomplished with a questionnaire survey which we sent to all of the Swedish municipalities. We have also done a literature study to get more knowledge about relevant theories. Finally we have compiled the questionnaire in Netigate and Excel, and analysed the result from the questionnaire. Results: Balanced Scorecard is well-known in the Swedish municipalities and 36 percent of the municipalities use this scorecard in whole or in parts of the organisation.

The aim of this work is to analyze if a change in the benthic community can be detected two years after a restoration of a small stream. The samples were taken in a small stream at Tinnerö Eklandskap just south of Linköping. In addition to the restored area, two reference sites upstream and downstream of the restored area were sampled to compare to the restored site. The method used for sampling of benthic fauna in the stream was kick sampling. ASPT, Berger-Parker and Renkonen-indices were used to find out if there was any difference between the reference areas and the restored area.

The objective of this thesis is to make a training material for KSU, which shows how radiation affects the different electronic components in a radiological environment.All electronic systems in the presence of high ionizing radiation can experience difficulties and be destroyed.This influence may compromise the control system and thus the safety of a nuclear reactor plant.To achieve this objective requires a description of electronic components and sensors, to better understand its function.This thesis will also show the possible solutions available that the author found interesting.Organizations such as NASA, CERN and ESA have worked to develop electronic components immune to radiation. Those organizations have also developed a test protocol that guarantees to a certain extent the security of electronic components in a radiological environment.Since we know how the material reacts with the radiation, it could develop a material that can be resistant to radiation or like CMOS technology has proposed, to reduce the component to avoid the storage of charge in the oxide.Another solution can be the GRAPHENE. Its features will revolutionize the electronics and provide answer to the radiation problems, Graphene will replace Silicium and the electronic components will only have a few nanometers dimensions so the oxide area also reduces, and in this way avoid the known problem of storage of charge..

I dagens samhälle finns det en uppsjö av olika trenddieter som förespråkas i medier. En av de senaste årens mest uppmärksammade kosthållning är glykemisk index. I en värld där medier har stor makt att förmedla olika beskrivningar av verkligheten blir det därför intressant att undersöka vad medierna egentligen kommunicerar genom sin framställning av GI. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera hur GI framställs i svensk morgon- respektive kvällstidning och vilka föreställningar och normer om kost som denna föreställning kommunicerar. Studien består av en kvalitativ medietextanalys av redaktionella artiklar tagna ur kvällstidningen Aftonbladet och morgontidningen Dagens Nyheter mellan 1997-03-01 och 2006-12-31.

Denna uppsats tar upp en viktig aspekt vid granskning av fonder, nämligen vad fonder jämförs mot, om de jämförs mot ett index inklusive eller exklusive utdelning. Detta är ett viktigt område som bland annat har uppmärksammats i media. Det har förekommit att vissa fonder gav missvisande information då de inkluderar utdelning medan dess jämförelseindex exkluderar utdelning. Således är syftet med denna uppsats att undersöka hur omfattande fenomenet är bland storbankerna i Sverige. Samt om det finns ett samband mellan att fonder redovisar en bättre kursutveckling än dess index om denna exkluderar utdelning.Studien avser att granska aktiefonder hos storbankerna, Handelsbanken, SEB och Nordea.

Ett problem som många människor lever med i dagens samhälle är missbruk av alkohol eller droger. Inom socialtjänsten i Sverige används olika bedömningsmetoder för att fastställa klienters problem och hjälpbehov. En av dessa metoder är Addiction Severity Index (ASI) som rekommenderas av Socialstyrelsen i Nationella riktlinjer för missbruks- och beroendevården och som är en del i en överenskommelse i RIM-projektet i Uppsala län. Tidigare studier har visat att socialarbetare har en positiv attityd till ASI men trots det används metoden inte fullt ut eller i så stor utsträckning som kan förväntas.Syftet i föreliggande uppsats var att undersöka hur personal inom socialtjänsten implementerade ASI, det vill säga hur de använde och värderade metoden i verksamheten. Studiedesign var fallstudie i vilken intervjuer utfördes med 10 socialsekreterare i Enköping och Uppsala.

Linux is a growing operating system in embedded systems. Today, Linux is not only in heavy servers but also in cell phones, PDAs, cameras and other devices running on battery power. While current technology is more energy efficient, more and more technologies are implemented into a single unit resulting in an overall increase of power consumption.Low power consumption is an increasingly important feature of a system today. Lower power consumption means lower costs, less environmental impact, and longer life for applications that runs on batteries.This work compiles methods to reduce power consumption of Linux systems. The work includes examining whether the available opportunities are platform-specific or of a more general nature.

The current standards for design of steel beams are divided into four classes based on the slenderness of cross-sectional parts. Depending on the section class a beams load capacity is either determined by a plastic, elastic or a reduced elastic model. The division between cross-sections calculated by a plastic and an elastic model is today done in a very harsh way with no smooth transition. This leads to a large difference in the calculated resistance for the sections located near the class limits. Elasto-plastic sections are in the current situation calculated as purely elastic and their large plastic reserve is not considered in the current standards.

The essay concerns the role of fiction in school. The research questions is; what is ?readable?, what does the authors think of teacher's task to develop students' literacy skills through fiction and how do the authors think of the teachers' task of using fiction in school. The questions give a basis that describes the role of fiction in school today based on the authors' perspective. We have chosen to use the open surveys as a method.

Skogsbruksåtgärder intill vatten kan ge negativa konsekvenser på vattenkvalitén. Ett sätt att minska den negativa påverkan är att skapa skyddszoner. I denna studie simulerades olika skyddszoner i Heureka PlanVis och utvärderades med avseende på ekologiska, ekonomiska och sociala värden sett över längre tid. Tre nivåer av skyddszoner med varierad bredd baserade på djupet till grundvattnet (DTW-index) samt två fasta skyddszoner på 15 och 0 m jämfördes. I DTW-skyddszonerna avsattes mark med ? 1, ? 0,5 respektive ? 0,25 m ner till grundvattnet. I skyddszon DTW ? 1 m uppmättes nedanstående variablers extremvärden.

Nötcenter Viken is a Swedish nucleus herd for dairy cattle. The goal for the farm is to select suitable mothers for the next top generation of bulls. Today the selection for udder health is based on a pedigree index and phenotype data. The pedigree index is based on the cow?s father and grandfathers breeding values.

As a consequence of increasing wind power installations in the Nordic grid the last years, the need for regulating power has become larger. In the Nordic grid, regulating power is mainly provided by hydro power. One part of the regulating power is called frequency control, which ensures that the grid frequency is stable and close to 50 Hz.However, setting the turbine into frequency controlled operation may cause stress and wear of the components in the mechanical control system. Frequency controlling implies large and frequent servo forces and longer travelling distance of the sliding bearings in the Kaplan turbine.Based on one selected Kaplan turbine, Selsfors G1, measurements and MATLAB calculations have been performed in order to determine forces and movements of the linkage system. With these forces and movements as input, stresses and fatigue have been determined as well as sliding distances, bearing pressures and wear of bearings during a typical lifetime of 40 years.The results indicate that no severe wear exists on the bearings during 40 years of service.