Gravitational lenses are unlike ordinary optical lenses, a phenomenon corrupting our optical view of the cosmos. When we look out intospace we see celestial bodies lying with astronomical distance from Earth. There is no guarantee that what we see out there in space is actually there where we are observing it, and it may be that we see multiple images of the same star! Studies have shown that thenumber of distorted images of an n-mass (n > 1) plane lens can not exceed 5(n -1) for lighter lenses or 5n for more massive lens. This mathematical thesis covers gravitational lensing and their properties that distort light rays coming towards us from distant celestial bodies. In addition of gravitational lensing, its properties and the proof of the maximum number of distorted images, a bigger part of this work even cover two very interesting mathematical tools - the so-called Schwarz function and Bezout theorem..

My work has been to create a magazine for iPad to explore this format, whichthere are mixed feelings about. Instead of seeing the digital format as an enemy ofthe printed magazine, I have chosen to see it as an opportunity.I have given myself the task of designing a magazine that can justify the useof the digital magazine. I have looked at the identity of the magazine, but mainlyexplored the format and its prerequisites.I was triggered to do the project when I saw people who are just making a pdfof the printed magazine and publish it digitally. I have during my work discoveredhow near or far away you can be from the printed magazine.The format of the iPad has multiple aspects to look upon; one that turned outto be clear in my project was navigation. Working with a spread has its problemsand opportunities; the same applies to an article that is larger than a screen.

The Sub-Saharan countries have for a long time struggled with poverty and conflicts which might have proven hostile for investors. The analysis aims to see if there is a significant correlation between foreign direct investments (FDI) and economic growth and which cultural and institutional factors seem to be significant in this correlation. Considered are also other variables and their influence that might explain what motivates and gives incentives for foreign direct investments (FDI) and are used in the construction of a regression analysis. This to see whether there is an effect on the economic growth in relations to FDI. The results show that FDI is of significance to the economic growth in the region and the study shows that corruption seems to be the most significant institutional factor in the correlation with effect on economic growth and the ability to attract FDI..

The supermarkets are taking more and more market shares for potted plants the last years, and a greater part is bought without prior planning. Signals from several European countries, for example Denmark and UK, indicate that potted plants with added value have become more and more popular and the added value is based on present trends. The meaning of added value in this thesis is fancy pots, packaging, pins or arrangements. Potted plants with added value sold in supermarkets offer the consumer the advantage of getting a ?ready product? quick and easy.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om det finns någon mätbar korrelation mellan kiselalgskomplexet Fragilaria capucinas storlek och halten av fosfor i det vattendrag där de lever. Om ett samband finns kan detta efter ytterligare studier komma att bli användbart inom miljöövervakningen då bland annat vattendragens eutrofieringsgrad ska undersökas. Studien baseras på arkiverade kiselalgspreparat som finns på Institutionen för vatten och miljö (IVM). Arton prover med varierande fosforhalter valdes ut, och tjugo F. capucina räknades i varje prov.

In this report a model was constructed in order to determine how a number of covariates influence the gross domestic product, GDP. The covariates were chosen depending on their expected influence on GDP, for example education and life expectancy. The data used in this report are collected from the World Bank. The model to describe GDP has been calculated using multiple line arregression. In order to reach a reliable final model the number of covariates has been gradually decreased to eliminate insignificant covariates.

The construction industry is always looking for ways to make the work more efficient aswell as minimize the waste of money in general. At the same time the industry is showing alow awareness of logistics which has to increase in order to improve the industry in thesekind of questions. Projects located in the inner city have high demands on the logistic andthe handling of material due to the so often limited space for storages of the material. Dueto this the purpose of this report is true a case, study and analyze what kind of factors thereis to take into consideration during the materials way from the supplier to the workstationin a project located in the inner city. The data for the report was collected with the help of acase study, and in three different ways.

Sammanfattning Titel: Lågkonjunktur ? En studie i vilka skillnader som finns för variationen i antal anställda inom IT- respektive industribranschen Författare: Emilio Nilsson, Oscar Kacprzak Handledare: Emil Numminen Institution: Blekinge Tekniska Högskola Kurs: Kandidatarbete i Företagsekonomi Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och analysera för hur företagets ekonomiska data för den relativt unga IT-sektorn förklarar antal anställda gentemot hur företagets ekonomiska data förklarar nyckeltalet för en äldre mer erfaren bransch som industrisektorn. Metod: Vi har samlat ihop kvartalsrapporter från 1999 års första kvartal till 2009 års första kvartal för totalt 10 stycken företag som vi bedömt lämpliga för studien, 5 företag från IT-branschen samt 5 företag från industribranschen. Vi har därefter fört regressionsanalyser med antal anställda som Y-variabel och totala intäkter, aktienivå, rörelsekostnader samt rörelseresultat som X-variabler för att finna korrelationen däremellan. Slutsats: De framkomna resultaten från regressionsanalyserna pekar på att det finns skillnader branscherna emellan.

The construction industry is always looking for ways to make the work more efficient aswell as minimize the waste of money in general. At the same time the industry is showing alow awareness of logistics which has to increase in order to improve the industry in thesekind of questions. Projects located in the inner city have high demands on the logistic andthe handling of material due to the so often limited space for storages of the material. Dueto this the purpose of this report is true a case, study and analyze what kind of factors thereis to take into consideration during the materials way from the supplier to the workstationin a project located in the inner city. The data for the report was collected with the help of acase study, and in three different ways.

AbstractTitle: Corporate Social Responsibility within the banking-sector ? A case study of the CSR-strategies of Nordea.Seminar date: 130108State University: Mälardalen University ? Västerås Institution: School of Sustainable Development of Society and TechnologyLevel: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration ? FÖA300Authors: Samir Ghaddab, Josefine Jonsson, Sam LindforsExaminor: Cecilia Lindh Thillenius Supervisor: Magnus LinderströmPages: 35 Attachments: 1 Key words: CSR, bank, sustainability, communication, awarenessResearch questions:- What is the nature of CSR-related work in Nordea, and how do they practice CSR? - How can Nordea raise awareness about CSR among employees and other stakeholders?Purpose: The purpose with this thesis was to get an increased understanding about how Nordea interprets CSR and how they work with CSR. Finally with relevant theories in mind, this thesis presents suggestions on possible changes and opportunities within Nordea?s CSR-activities and how they can co-operate with NGO?s like CSR Sweden.Methodology: A qualitative study with deductive methods. A case study has been done with semi-structured interviews at a company and a nonprofit organization.Conclusion: The reality in which Nordea operates conforms to the theories presented in the thesis when we look at the driving forces behind working with CSR and the demands on the company that stakeholders have.

På bara några decennier har kravet på utbildning vuxit markant och därmed också antalet universitetsstuderande. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka huruvida det lönar sig att vidareutbilda sig på universitetsnivå och i vilken utsträckning det finns skillnader för män respektive kvinnor inom en mans och en kvinnodominerad utbildning. Fyra regressioner har genomförts. Därefter har en jämförelse skett mellan de olika livsinkomsternas nuvärden. Livsinkomsten har räknats fram genom att subtrahera nuvärdet av alternativkostnaderna från nuvärdet av livsinkomsterna.

Syftet med denna studie var att beräkna preliminär prevalens för sjukdomen multipel skleros (MS) i Värmland, med prevalensdag 21 december 2002, och jämföra den med andra prevalensstudier i Sverige. Utifrån patientjournaler vid länets sjukvårdsinrättningar noterades basala och medicinska data på ett registreringsformulär. För klassificering av MS har Poser ?s kriterielista tillämpats och granskningen av journaler har utförts av specialist neurologer. Prevalensen för definite/probable MS i Värmland, baserad på siffror som var insamlade augusti 2004, var 151/105 (95% CI 136-165), för kvinnor var prevalensen 211/105 (95% CI 187-235) och för män 89/105 (95% CI 73-105), vilket innebär att MS var 2,37 gånger vanligare för kvinnor.

The purpose of this project was to further develop and complete a quadcopter that had been built in an earlier course at KTH, so that it could be used for demonstration and education at the school. The quadcopter was at the beginning of the project completed when it came to hardware, and there was some software functionality implemented but no system for automatic stabilization. The main goal of the project was to implement such a system, and to combine it with the previous functionality to make the quadcopter operable and able to fly. To create a functioning and stable ground multiple basic software features has been implemented, and on top of that additional software to improve the safety, stability and functionality. The most important part is the control system that is responsible for converting sensor and control signals to suitable motor values.

Med Hackman och Oldhams (1976) teori om grunderna för att känna arbetstillfredsställelse undersöks här om motivation, organisationskultur och personlighet kan ha något förklaringssamband. Motivationshygienteorin som är framtagen av Herzberg (Herzberg, Mausner & Snyderman, 1959) används för att undersöka motivation. För personlighet används den välkända och väl validerade femfaktormodellen som McCrae och Costa har gjort sig kända för. Organisationskultur mäts utifrån Scheins (1990) definition av organisationskultur. Utifrån dessa teorier utformades en enkät som var mätinstrumentet.

Syftet med detta arbete är att designa och utvärdera ett stridssystem för ett rollspel, som skall ha en högre grad av meningsfulla val än de två kommersiella rollspel som utvärderas tillsammans med det egenutvecklade stridssystemet. För att få en högre grad av meningsfulla val så designas stridssystemet efter två teorier: triangulära val och multiple-dice systems. Graden av meningsfulla val utvärderas genom strukturerade intervjuer där respondenterna svara på en enkät.Utvärderingen visade att det egenutvecklade stridssystem inte uppnådde en högre grad av meningsfulla val än de två kommersiella stridssystemen.Rollspelet bör i framtiden modifieras för att korrigera de problem som framkom genom utvärderingen. Utvärderingsmetoden som användes i arbetet kan utvärdera graden av meningsfulla val i alla typer av spel..