Under tillverkningsprocessen i massa- och pappersindustrin bildas avloppsflöden i flera olika steg. Ett av de miljöbelastande utsläppen utgörs av organiskt material. Organiskt material kan mätas som biokemisk syreförbrukning (BOD), kemisk syreförbrukning (COD) eller som totalt organiskt kol (TOC). Analys av COD inkluderar ofta miljöfarliga ämnen (till exempel kvicksilver). Naturvårdsverket har under flera år aviserat att analysen kan komma att förbjudas och därmed blir analys av TOC allt mer vanligt.

Denna uppsats behandlar hur prisbildningen på fastigheter ser ut i Sverige. Syftet är att analysera prisbildningsmekanismer för småhusmarknaden, speciellt fokus läggs på fastighetsskatten. Genom insamling av tidsseriedata på kvartalsnivå för åren 1990- 2007 för hela landet samt regionerna Stockholms län, Sydsverige och mellersta Norrland har regressioner genomförts för att studera olika variablers inverkan på småhuspriserna.Variablerna som studerats är hushållens inkomst, bolåneränta, fastighetsskatt, Affärsvärldens generalindex samt förgående års fastighetspris. Resultaten visar att skatten i viss mån påverkar prissättningen. Vidare konstateras att inkomsten är den viktigaste variabeln samt att bolåneräntan uppvisar signifikanta resultat för prispåverkan..

The purpose of this essay is to test for significance between TED- spread and four different macrovariables, housing prices, Federal funds rate, Asset Backes Securities and mortgage volume. Multiple regression has been used to search for significance between the dependent and the four independent variables. Our data consist of quarterly reports from January 1998 to June 2008. Our conclusion is that all of the four variables show a significant relation with TED- spread. The model explains 76 percent of the variation in TED- spread..

Tidigare forskning har visat att pengar som incitament positivt korrelerar med medarbetares prestationer men ur ett hälsoperspektiv framstår forskningen som bristfällig. Studiens syfte var att undersöka arbetsklimatet på arbetsplatser där lagermedarbetare arbetar för ackordslöner. Forskningsfrågan var vilken inverkan KASAM, organisationsengagemang och inställning till ackordslönesystemet har på psykosomatisk stress hos lagermedarbetare. Detta har empiriskt undersökts genom att medarbetarna (n = 99) har fått besvara enkäter i en av Sveriges största distributionsenheter för detaljhandel. Genom en Multipel regressionsanalys påvisades en signifikant modell för psykosomatisk stress där KASAM och ackordsinställning tillsammans förklarade upp till hälften av den totala variansen..

In this report a model was constructed in order to determine how a number of covariates influence the gross domestic product, GDP. The covariates were chosen depending on their expected influence on GDP, for example education and life expectancy. The data used in this report are collected from the World Bank. The model to describe GDP has been calculated using multiple line arregression. In order to reach a reliable final model the number of covariates has been gradually decreased to eliminate insignificant covariates.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the variation in the maximal discrimination of the interaction between cognate and a non-cognate codon and anti-codon (also called the d-value). The variation was analyzed with a multiple regression model with the d-value as the dependent variable and with the codon position and the different mRNA and tRNA bases as independent variables. The result of the analysis not only confirmed earlier studies that the maximal accuracy was highest in the second codon position and lowest in the third codon position but we also found significant relationships and interaction effects..

One could argue that the most discussed topic in finance is whether or not it is possible to ?beat the market?. Even though many people claim to do this, there is little evidence to support the idea that one can consistently beat the market over a long period of time. There are indeed several examples of investors who have managed to outperform the market consistently for a long time, but the efforts of these individuals or institutions could by many be considered to be pure luck.One of the many strategies that have been evaluated by several researchers and is said to generate a risk adjusted return greater than that of the market, is one based on the P/E-effect. This strategy is based on the financial ratio P/E ? price divided by earnings ? and used by constructing portfolios consisting of stocks with low P/E ratios.

The aim of this report was to investigate which factors determine municipal taxes in Sweden.The aim was also to find out whether and how the forms of political rule are significant covariates. A multiple regression analysis was performed using data from 289 municipalities. The analysis resulted in five dierent models, of which a model based on municipal grouping was found to be most satisfactory. In all of the models, there are effects from the form of political rule. The results indicate that socialist municipalities have higher tax rates than non-socialist.

This paper investigates the relation between stock performance and owner share retention in Swedish public equity listings during 2009 to 2013. The listings during the period are studied and divided into binary groups of "exits" and "non-exits", which are used in a statistical regression model to determine if there is a significant difference in average stock performance. The study finds that stocks of exit-companies on average significantly underperformed stocks of non-exit-companies during 2009 to 2013. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of observations available and the unusual market conditions, caution is required in interpreting these results..

Growth models are very useful tools for forestry to predict growth and yield. With growth models and optimising tools you can manage forest stands in a way that maximize benefit and income. There are three major types of growth models. Stand models; stage structured models and single-tree models. The most advanced models give the most accurate forecasts.

The Swedish Lapphund is one of our eleven Swedish domestic breeds of dogs and one of Sweden?s oldest dogbreeds. The Finnish Lapphund?s origin and physical conformation is similar to that of the Swedish Lapphund. One aim of this study was to examine whether the average litter size differs between these two closely related breeds, and if so, try to find causes for this.

This study examines if the prediction of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients can be improved upon when renal function and microalbuminuria are added to the classical risk factors The predictive capability of a model is measured by discrimination, calibration, reclassification and Harrell's C.The results are ambigious. In most cases, microalbuminuria should be included in the model, but the results regarding the other measures of renal function are varied. Therefore, the selection of risk factors to include in the model depends on which measure of prediction one prioritizes..

Abstract?Understand the customers value in use ? A multiple case study of three industrial companies? or ?Förstå kundens bruksvärde ? En multipel fallstudie av tre industriella företag? brings out the problem that it is easy to assume, what the value is for the customer.The questions asked for this thesis are:? How does the companies in focus, gather information about what effects the customers value in use?? How do the companies use this information in their business?The purpose is to examine how some industrial companies gather information about the customer?s value in use, on the bases from the five activities from Porter and how they can use this information.Three semi structured interviews were made for this investigation, with representatives from Atlas Copco Rock Drills, IL Recycling and Johnson Pump.The conclusions are that to gather information about the customers value in use, the company must work close with the customer. This information helps the company to improve their products, services and their relationships..

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan optimism, personliga mål, personlighetsegenskaper och subjektivt välbefinnande. Totalt deltog 108 stycken högskolestudenter, (58 kvinnor och 50 män). Deltagarna besvarade fyra enkäter som mätte optimism, personliga mål, personlighetsegenskaper utifrån fem-faktor modellen samt subjektivt välbefinnande. En Multipel regressionsanalys visade att optimism, neuroticism och samvetsgrannhet förklarar 43.1% av variansen i välbefinnande. Det förelåg ett indirekt samband mellan subjektivt välbefinnande och variablerna kognitiva närmande mål, extroversion och trevlighet, vilket tyder på att de medieras av variablerna i regressionsmodellen.

Detta arbete syftade till att validera en metod för analys av interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA) i plasma från häst. Med en fungerande analysmetod finns möjligheten att använda IL-1 RA som biomarkör för antiinflammatoriska effekter av läkemedel exempelvis dexametason. En kommersiell ELISA framtagen för analys av IL-1 RA hos häst användes vid valideringen. Analysmetoden var tidigare endast validerad för analys av IL-1 RA i spädningsmedium från tillverkaren. Vid validering av metoden framställdes standardkurvor i spädningsmedium från tillverkaren (reagent diluent=RD) samt i olika biologiska medier från häst. Beräkning av standardkurvorna utfördes med hjälp av linjär regression och innefattade intervallet 0,313 ? 20 ng/mL.