Due to the forest industry downsizing, many communities in rural forest regions in Canada and Sweden are facing problems to survive. In order to create community sustainability, resilience and well-being in remote forest regions, the view on the forest resources has shifted towards multiple use, through the concept of sustainable forest management (SFM). Beside the economic and ecological elements of sustainability, the social forest values are needed, contributing to the human well-being, local participation, stakeholder collaboration, human rights and cultural connection. In this thesis the embodiment of the social component of SFM within Prince Albert Model Forest (Canada), and Vilhelmina Model Forest (Sweden) will be examined. Being partners and facing similar challenges as rural boreal forest regions, the two model forests are compared through analysis of projects and activities, conducted interviews and organization documents. Looking at projects mentioned as successful by the interviewees, they all have elements from the social values of SFM. The direction can be explained by the introduction of the Forest Communities Program in Canada, demanding the Model Forests to work towards community stability and resilience, the Model Forest organization concept itself and the way global focus are increasing around social forest values. In the future, it may be important that the role of the MFs enable some kind of political authorization and legitimacy in order to improve conflict solving and indigenous rights equality.

The purpose of this master thesis is to present a model that illuminates the important factors when deriving technical information from market data within a company. For companies to be able to become and stay competitive in the market, product quality is an important factor. Whilst good product quality leads to customer satisfaction and loyalty, lack of quality brings costs in service and replacements. To improve product quality, the developers need information and knowledge about what quality issues affect existing products. Most companies gather data from market about known issues, but in order eliminate known quality issues in new products; this data has to be transformed into information and knowledge.

Syfte: Undersöka hur patienterna pÄ en kirurgavdelning pÄ ett universitetssjukhus i Mellansverige upplever vÄrdpersonalens bemötande och kartlÀgga vad som upplevs vara ett gott respektive dÄligt bemötande.Metod: Studien hade en deskriptiv design med kvalitativ ansats och innehÄllsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Data samlades in genom tio semistrukturerade intervjuer pÄ inneliggande patienter pÄ en kirurgavdelning i Mellansverige. Resultat: Bemötande delades in i kategorierna; human- och individbaserad vÄrd, egenskaper hos vÄrdpersonalen, kommunikation, delaktighet samt miljö. Ett gott bemötande upplevdes nÀr vÄrdpersonal visade empati, hade en positiv instÀllning, var kunnig och engagerad samt hade en human instÀllning. En god kommunikation och vÄrdrelation uttrycktes ocksÄ som centrala delar i ett gott bemötande.

Det har lÀnge debatterats huruvida de svenska skattetillÀggsreglerna Àr förenliga med de krav som Europakonventionen stÀller upp i artikel 6. Efter att Sverige blev fÀllda av Europadomstolen i fallen Janosevic mot Sverige och VÀstberga Taxi AB & Vulic mot Sverige har regeringen gjort justeringar i skattebetalningslagen och taxeringslagen, med syfte att göra den svenska lagstiftningen förenlig med Europakonventionens krav. Syftet med vÄr uppsats har varit att undersöka om den nya lagregleringen Àr förenlig med Europakonventionens artikel 6 eller om Sverige riskerar att fÀllas ytterligare fler gÄnger av Europadomstolen rörande det svenska skattetillÀgget. Vi har anvÀnt oss av en rÀttsdogmatisk metod som innebÀr att vi har anvÀnt oss av lagstiftning, förarbeten, praxis och befintlig doktrin för att undersöka vÄrt syfte pÄ bÀsta möjliga sÀtt. Vi undersökte den framförda kritiken mot den nya lagregleringen samt de punkter dÀr Sverige blev fÀllda av Europadomstolen.

During spring 2001 we have been involved with our bachelor thesis at Doberman Digital Agency, an Internet related webdesign company. We have focused our work on the registration process via digital medias such as the Internet. During our workprocess we have been conducting a number of studies and analyses of workrelated materials. Ethnographical methods such as structured interviews and participant observations were primarily used in our work. We also widely used brainstorming in our designprocess.

Den studerade hypotetiska gÄrden ligger i Uppland och producerar mjölk med en besÀttning pÄ 240 kor och lika mÄnga djur av alla Äldrar i rekryteringsbas. Grovfoder och spannmÄl odlas delvis pÄ gÄrden och delvis pÄ mark som erhÄlls av grannar mot ersÀttning. Att tilldela korrekta vÀrden pÄ ersÀttningen Àr avgörande för ekonomiska berÀkningar.Att anvÀnda en foderstat bestÄende av mer grovfoder av högre kvalité ger ett behov av ca 220 ha Äkermark utöver gÄrdens egna ca 240 ha. Beaktas dessutom lÀmplig vÀxtföljd behovs 760ha men ca 300 av dessa ha kommer inte att direkt anvÀndas för att odla biomassa till det hÀr systemet varvid skörden pÄ de 300 ha kan sÀljas. Den ökade grovfodergivan ger ett stort överskott pÄ biprodukter sÄsom ensilage, gödsel och halm, nÀrmare bestÀmt ca 8 ton TS per dag.

The background to this report is the author?s ambition to understand individuals? work situation, how it?s formed in interaction between the individual and factors in the work-setting. Such an ambition is well in line with the concept of Human-Technology-Organization (HTO), a cross-scientific approach that puts a system-oriented perspective on how human, technolog-ical and organizational factors interact within work systems.The aim of this report was to explore managers? work-situation and generate an understanding of it from an HTO-perspective by using an organizational model as a framework for an interview guide and to analyze the work situation from an HTO-perspective following the ques-tions at issue:1. How does the managers experience their work situation?2.

Many times it can be the simple things that affect the attitude of work and which have an importance on the organization's effectiveness. These are not always apparent but can have a large importance for the motivation and the attitude of work. Large number of companies uses wage and other financial rewards system but is there any form of informal factors that have an importance for the coworkers and that affects motivation. What factors that affect the motivation within the industry are interesting to examine and specifically the factors that are not apparent, in other words informal factors that increases the motivation. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and describe which informal motivator factors co-workers/employees in a production department think are meaningful.

AbstractThis essay has as its purpose to discuss the current legal regulation of the concept of humanitarian intervention. The inconsistencies in the debate over the legal status of this concept, and the legal uncertainty it brings to the acts of states and the lives of their nationals is a motivating factor for the writing of this essay. However, it has been clear from the outset that the concept of humanitarian intervention is intricately connected to political and moral ideas and values. Thus, the attitude taken towards this doctrine will be highly dependent on the perspectives of the state, government or single author representing it.Following this starting point, the aim of this essay is not to present a single answer as to whether humanitarian intervention is, or is not, legal, but to research, compare and analyze the different arguments put forward in this subject in international law today. Hopefully, this will provide the reader of this essay with some insight into the sources of international law of today and how the principles of state sovereignty, non-intervention, the prohibition of force and the protection of human rights relate to the concept of humanitarian intervention.A frank overview of the UN Charter does not support use of force except in the case of self-defence or without a Security Council mandate.

Författarna till detta arbete fick en förfrÄgan frÄn den pedagogiska utvecklaren pÄ Storvreta förskoleenhet om att förverkliga ett utav Uppsala kommuns sju rumskoncept. Rumskoncepten Àr ett led i Uppsala kommuns strÀvan efter att skapa sÄ likvÀrdig utbildning som möjligt pÄ alla kommunala förskolor. Denna rapport beskriver den process som författarna genomgick i skapandet av en utforskande sandmiljö inomhus pÄ en förskola. I skapandet av den upplevelseprototyp som placerades pÄ den aktuella förskolan utgick författarna dels ifrÄn Ett förstÄelsefördjupande dokument om lÀrmiljöer, men Àven frÄn de tankar och idéer som Uppdragsgivare och AnvÀndare framförde. Det arbetssÀtt som författarna valde att anvÀnda för att utveckla prototypen var en Human-Centered design.

This study was conducted at the City Abattoir in Kampala, Uganda to evaluate the cleaning process, with focus on bacterial pathogens, in a pilot scale integrated bioprocess. This consisted of four steps: anaerobic sequencing batch reactors; aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactors; a high performance temperature controlled methanogenesis digester and a constructed wetland. The objective was to determine if this type of cleaning process could be used to clean wastewater from abattoirs in a satisfactory way. The indicator organisms for faecal contamination, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were used to investigate in what numbers bacteria could be found in the untreated wastewater and how much that was reduced in the different steps of the cleaning process. The water was analysed for Salmonella to see if human pathogens could be found and could survive the different steps of the treatment process.

En kÀnsla för Gud ? Komparativ teologi enligt Keith Ward och perspektiv pÄ religionsteologi.(A feeling for God ? Comparative Theology according to Keith Ward and perspectives on Theology of Religion)We all have preconceived opinions regarding people, cultures and especially religion and religiousness, and according to oneŽs own subjective formed opinion, they are surely truthful and moral. But my main concern with this essay must be thought of as a brief and personal mapping of Christian belief and itŽs rational status in relation to both basic philosophy and the other great religious traditions. Furthermore, I am anxious to widen the perspectives of that which theoretically can be considered substantially real, and the existential consequences that follows on such a study. In doing so I must make sure that itŽs properly anchored in history of both philosophy and religion, and of course ? with the general idea of God.

SyfteVi vill undersöka om och beskriva hur Human Resource Management kan bidra till minskad personalomsĂ€ttning inom franchisedrivna fastighetsmĂ€klarorganisationer. HuvudfrĂ„gor:Hur upplever anstĂ€llda och före detta anstĂ€llda fastighetsmĂ€klare att personalomsĂ€ttning pĂ„verkar branschen och deras arbetssituation?Hur skulle en mer omfattande organisationsstyrning med inriktning pĂ„ HRM kunna minska personalomsĂ€ttning inom fastighetsmĂ€klarorganisationer styrda enligt franchisestruktur?MetodI arbetet hĂ„lls ett Hermeneutiskt synsĂ€tt. Ämnet personalomsĂ€ttning och dess orsaker har tidigare behandlats i uppsatser som berör fastighetsmĂ€klarbranschen och vi ser vĂ„rt arbete som en vidareutveckling i denna frĂ„ga. För att fĂ„ en uppfattning om hur medarbetare ser pĂ„ ledarskap och personalomsĂ€ttning, anvĂ€nds den kvalitativa intervjumetoden.Resultat & SlutsatsDe svar som framkom av intervjuerna med anstĂ€llda och före detta anstĂ€llda, visar att det finns en stark oro för personalomsĂ€ttningen inom fastighetsmĂ€klarbranschen. Detta pĂ„verkar anstĂ€llda mĂ€klares redan höga arbetsbelastning.

A passive house in Norra DjurgÄrdsstaden drawn by Tengbom Arkitekter is going to be built. A shaft for airing is needed for a few apartments in the house.The airing shaft is designed for a few two room apartments in the house, which are not able to achieve satisfactory airing, as their outer walls are facing a single direction. The other apartments on the same floor are corner apartments. These apartments do not have the same difficulty with airing since they have their outer walls in different directions, with different pressures at the facades. The airflow in the airing shaft is supposed to be driven only by natural forces, by the sun. The purpose of natural driven forces is to achieve low energy consumption for the house.In this thesis, a design of the shaft for airing has been developed.Initially an open shaft for all apartments was analyzed.

In Sweden today many municipalities and sport clubs chooses to build artificial turfs becauseof the increased period of using the turfs during the year and less maintenance requirementsthan for natural grass fields. What could be problematic with artificial turfs is the rubbergranules used as infill material in the turf matt. The rubber granules are often made fromrecycled tires, which may contain for the human health and the environment, harmful substances.This was the reason why the Swedish Chemicals Agency commissioned a statusreport in 2006 which, among other things, concluded that the environmental and health risksassociated with granules made from recycled tiers in artificial turf fields were small, but thatthere could be a local environmental hazard. The purpose and objective of the risk assessmentwas to identify how artificial turf plans granules can affect recipients in the area closeto the pitches and provide input to reduce the spread of metals and substances harmful forboth human health and the surrounding environment. The work was divided into three parts:(1) the construction of artificial turf pitches and their material content, the spread of granulatesoutside the fields and disposal of artificial turf pitches.