Älgar (Alces alces ssp) hålls i hägn på flera ställen runt om i Sverige. För att ta reda på hur älgar hålls i hägn skickades en webbaserad enkät ut till 20 ansvariga för älghägn i Sverige. Enkäten innehöll frågor om bland annat hägnstorlek, populationens storlek, upplevda problem med aggression och andra problembeteenden. För att få en djupare förståelse för älgens beteende gjordes även en litteraturstudie. Enkätsvaren visade på att hägnen var förhållandevis stora och med en varierad miljö.

Energiflöden mellan terrestra och akvatiska ekosystem har uppmärksammats mycket den senaste tiden. I den här studien undersöker jag betydelsen av ett terrestert djur, älgen (Alces alces), som dör i vattendrag och avger näring till vattnet. Genom litteraturstudier och teoretiska beräkningar uppskattade jag hur vanligt det är att älgar dör i vattendrag och om dessa älgar har någon inverkan på vattendragets totala näringsbudget. Jag fann att drunkning hos älgar tas upp som en parameter för naturliga dödsorsaker i flera artiklar från USA, Canada och Polen. Orsakerna till att älgar drunknar, trots att de är duktiga simmare, kan vara t.ex.

Älgen är idag en art av stort intresse för det svenska samhället. Främst som resurs, men arten arten kan också orsaka problem i form av trafikolyckor och betesskador. Vid förvaltningsbeslut finns det flera olika faktorer att ta hänsyn till och för att bedöma stammens storlek finns ett antal olika inventeringsmetoder. Kunskap om reproduktionen är bland annat viktigt för att uppskatta stammens tillväxt. En metod vid datainsamling är att undersöka honliga könsorgan insamlade under jakt.

Energiflöden mellan terrestra och akvatiska ekosystem har uppmärksammats mycket den senaste tiden. I den här studien undersöker jag betydelsen av ett terrestert djur, älgen (Alces alces), som dör i vattendrag och avger näring till vattnet. Genom litteraturstudier och teoretiska beräkningar uppskattade jag hur vanligt det är att älgar dör i vattendrag och om dessa älgar har någon inverkan på vattendragets totala näringsbudget. Jag fann att drunkning hos älgar tas upp som en parameter för naturliga dödsorsaker i flera artiklar från USA, Canada och Polen. Orsakerna till att älgar drunknar, trots att de är duktiga simmare, kan vara t.ex.

In today's Sweden there are approximately 23 000 combination companies, and most of them have a connection with the agricultural sector. The most common type of additional operation is some form of contracting.The aim for this degree project is to answer the following question: which problems and key factors exists within combination operations? The main topic will be within coordination and management questions within agricultural companies with an additional operation.Litterateur written earlier within this subject will be used in this thesis. Mainly litterateur which contains information about combination companies and diversification of some sort. There are also other theories used in this thesis such as; resource based theory and decision making theory in order to understand the problems and key factors within combination companies.In order to investigate the aim of this thesis we have chosen to perform two qualitative interviews with the managers of two different combination companies.

The purpose with this report is to compare moose browsing in young stands within a small game preservation, and if there are any differences between two areas. The method used in the inventory is a local damage caused by moose browsing survey. It is suitable on areas that have more than 50 hectares but less than 250 hectares of young forest. Inventory of moose browsing is best done on bare ground in the spring and should preferably be done before the flushing begins at the pine. Orsblecks game management area is divided into two different moose management areas, Noppikoski and Siljansringen. During the winter Siljansringen has a denser winter strain of moose, because of the moose seek out lower parts with less snow during the winter. This should also lead to the southernmost part should accommodate larger proportion of damages caused by browsing by moose.

The background of this study is an article in the hunting magazine ?Svensk Jakt? where Karl Hedin claims that his sawmills has not noticed any significant moose damages in the timber. The purpose with the study is to find out the causes to the moose explosion and what it has led to in today?s forests. A questionnaire has been sent out to sawmills in the region Dalarna with the purpose of finding out if sawmills receive moose-damaged timber and what they think about how they foresee future development. There were two causes of the moose explosion, that had effects on the moose population. The first cause was that the moose hunters wanted to raise the moose population, and by raising the calf shooting and by saving the cows they succeeded. The second cause was changing methods in Swedish forestry.

The background of this study is an article in the hunting magazine ?Svensk Jakt? where Karl Hedin claims that his sawmills has not noticed any significant moose damages in the timber. The purpose with the study is to find out the causes to the moose explosion and what it has led to in today?s forests. A questionnaire has been sent out to sawmills in the region Dalarna with the purpose of finding out if sawmills receive moose-damaged timber and what they think about how they foresee future development. There were two causes of the moose explosion, that had effects on the moose population. The first cause was that the moose hunters wanted to raise the moose population, and by raising the calf shooting and by saving the cows they succeeded. The second cause was changing methods in Swedish forestry.

The background of this study is an article in the hunting magazine ?Svensk Jakt? where Karl Hedin claims that his sawmills has not noticed any significant moose damages in the timber. The purpose with the study is to find out the causes to the moose explosion and what it has led to in today?s forests. A questionnaire has been sent out to sawmills in the region Dalarna with the purpose of finding out if sawmills receive moose-damaged timber and what they think about how they foresee future development. There were two causes of the moose explosion, that had effects on the moose population. The first cause was that the moose hunters wanted to raise the moose population, and by raising the calf shooting and by saving the cows they succeeded. The second cause was changing methods in Swedish forestry.

The purpose of this work was that with the help of a literature review have a single document with information on how the various species: brown bear (Ursus arctos), lynx (Lynx lynx) and the wolf (Canis lupus) living in the wild. The aim was also to show which stereotypic behaviours these different species have in zoos and the enrichments that is already being used and to make suggestions and recommendations on enrichment based on animal behaviour ecology. In zoos, some species thrive well while others have propositions to propagating problems, poor health and stereotypic behaviors. The brown bear, lynx and wolf, live both in the wild and in zoos in Sweden. As these animals have different ways of living in the wild, it is important to accommodate to each species, the way they are kept in zoos in accordance with their behavioural ecology.Brown bears are omnivorous and solitary living species with large energy needs so that they spend most of their day to actively feeding but also rest.

The purpose of this report was to investigate to which extent local presence of large herbivore mammals (Alces alces, Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Dama dama and Sus scrofa) covaries with small rodents (Myodes glaerolus, Apodemus flavicollis and Apodemus sylvaticus? The hypothesis was that high abundance of wild ungulates would inhibit the density of small forest rodents. The data was collected during field work within FoMA (Environmental Monitoring Assessment)/SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Science). The Ungulate dropping inventory and rodent trappings, which is the base in this report, where performed 2012 ? 2014 in Gnesta/Nyköping municipalities (G/N) with a relatively high density of wild ungulates and Vetlanda/Växjö municipalities (V/V) with relatively lower wild ungulate density.

Kärnkraftsolyckan i Tjernobyl 1986 spred radioaktivt nedfall över Europa och Sverige som kom att tas upp i ekosystemet av växter, djur och människor. I Sverige innebar det att älg (Alces alces), rådjur (Capreolus capreolus) och ren (Rangifer tarandus) fick förhöjda halter av Cesium-137, 137Cs, som i sin tur togs upp av de människor som åt av köttet. Upptaget i ekosystemet påverkas av flera faktorer; jordmånen och dess förmåga att binda radionukleider, växter och svamps benägenhet att ta upp dem, hjortdjurens val av föda beroende på tillgång och årstid samt tiden på året som jägare och samer fäller hjortdjuren. Denna litteraturstudie ämnar ta reda på hur hjortdjur (Cervidae) och människor i Sverige påverkades av nedfallet. Utifrån de studier som granskats har inga rapporterat märkbar påverkan hos hjortdjur.

In the 1980?s the moose population in Sweden grew explosively due to big changes in the silviculture with clear cuttings instead of single-tree selection. Clear cuttings brought big areas of young forest and therefore a lot of fodder in one place. Since this change, the discussion about how to manage the moose population has grown into a very big problem. Forest owners think that the population needs to be strongly reduced because of all the damage that is done to the young forest when the moose seeks its food, and the economic losses because of that.

The European Brown bear (Ursus arctos) has gone from basically being extinct in Sweden to, 2008 being estimated to a total of 3298 individuals. When looking at the new Swedish moose management system it is important to have an ecosystem-based approach and therefore include all the parts that moose impacts on and from in the management, especially the brown bear. Primarily in the spring and early summer the brown bear is a significant predator on moose calfs which must be taken into account in moose management. When the bear recolonize areas that it has previously been eradicated from, it will once again come in contact with people who are not accustomed to the bear's role in the ecosystem. We studied three groups of moose management areas with different predation by bears.

Älgstammen har stor betydelse för jägares rekreation, turism och som livsmedel. För att älgstammen ska vara en hållbar naturresurs i längden krävs en välfungerande reproduktion. Under hösten 2011 har reproduktionsorgan tillsammans med ytterligare material och data från 90 älghondjur samlats in från Fyringens älgtilldelningsområde i Jämtlands läns. Insamlingen gjordes under två perioder, tre veckor i september (5 - 24/9) samt från 10 oktober till början av november. Uppehållet gjordes under den 2-veckorsperiod, det så kallade ?brunstuppehållet?, (25/9 ? 10/10) då jakt ej är tillåtet.