Forestry and reindeer husbandry are entitled to use the same land for their operations. For this reason, conflicts occasionally arise between them. Soil scarification is a forestry operation which has a negative effect on the occurrence of reindeer lichen. Reindeer lichens are of crucial importance to reindeers and reindeer husbandry, especially in the winter when reindeers primarily feed on different lichen species (Cladina spp. and Cetraria spp.).

The ability to tackle NP-hard problems has been greatly extended by the introduction of Metaheuristics (see Blum & Roli (2003)) for a summary of most Metaheuristics, general problem-independent optimisation algorithms extending the hill-climbing local search approach to escape local minima. One of these algorithms is Iterated Local Search (ILS) (Lourenco et al., 2002; Stützle, 1999a, p. 25ff), a recent easy to implement but powerful algorithm with results comparable or superior to other state-of-the-art methods for many combinatorial optimisation problems, among them the Traveling Salesman (TSP) and Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). ILS iteratively samples local minima by modifying the current local minimum and restartinga local search porcedure on this modified solution. This thesis will show how ILS can be implemented for MSA.

Background: According to the Swedish Social Board induced abortions are increasing in the modern day society. Nurses who work with in the gynecological department can come across patients seeking care for an induced abortion.Theoretical framework: The findings of the study will be discussed in relation to Peplau's nursing theory, ethical concepts and nursing concepts.Aim: The aim of the literature review was to illuminate the experiences of nurses working with induced abortion.Method: A systematic literature review with an inductive approach was chosen. The findings are based on seven qualitative and two quantitative studies. The articles were assessed through two different modified templates based on qualitative or quantitative design.Findings: Nurses and midwives experienced their work with induced abortions as emotionally stressful. However, it was highlighted that all women have the right whether to choose abortion or to proceed with the pregnancy.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, birth order and sensation seeking. The sample consisted of 179 jobholders in four different organizations in southern Sweden, with an average age of 44 years (SD = 12,12). A questionnaire consisting of three parts was used to map out and measure the participants? family background, birth order, job satisfaction and sensation seeking. The study showed no significant relationship between birth order and job satisfaction (p = 0,127).

The genus Campylobacter is globally recognised as the leading bacterial cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis. Every year around 8000 Swedes are infected by Campylobacter. Most people are infected by thermotolerant Campylobacter species, commonly C. jejuni and C. coli.

Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om män som har en impulsiv aggressivitet riktad mot sin partner, och om männens brister i affektmedvetenhet (alexitymi) samt deras förmåga till empati och om de skiljer sig i dessa aspekter från män som söker hjälp för relationsproblem på Manscentrum. 20 män med våldsamt beteende och 20 med relationsproblem fyllde i Aggression Questionnaire-Revised Swedish Version (AQ-RSV), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) och Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Resultaten visade ett positivt samband mellan aggressivitet och alexitymi i hela populationen och ett negativt samband mellan alexitymi och empati. De våldsamma männen var också aggressivare enligt AQ-RSV än de med relationsproblem, men inga andra skillnader var signifikanta. De män som hade erfarenhet av våld i ursprungsfamiljen hade ett starkare samband när det gäller aggressivitet och alexitymi.

This thesis deals with the design of a combinated rescue-, personal-, and firefighting elevator for a nuclear waste storage facility to be constructed by the client SKB, Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB. SKB:s mission is to dispose of all nuclear waste from all swedish nuclear power plants. The storage facility will be built in the rock 450 m under the surface and will consist of several kilometers of tunnel where capsules containing the nuclear waste will be placed. It will also hold a central area which contains spaces necessary for the operation and construction of the facility, such as elevator hall, storage hall etc. The facility will have two ways of access: a vehicle ramp and an elevator shaft.

Construction of Identity and Charismatic Leaders deals with fundamentalism and Islamism within the United States, emphasising on similarities between fundamentalists and Islamists. The term "fundamentalist" is here referring to Christian extremists, while "Islamist" refers to the Muslim counterpart. The purpose of the essay is to make North American fundamentalism and Islamism comprehendible on a larger scale.In order to show similarities between these groups when it comes to values, structure and commitment to their tasks, it is important to understand the nature of the religious devotion.Analyzing the similarities of the two groups enables construction of general criteria for how anthropology of religious extremists can be outlined..

The transportation sector is the only sector of the Swedish society that is still increasing the emissions of carbon dioxide and other green house gases. Diesel fuel represents one of the fuels that contributes to these emissions and the use of diesel fuels is increasing every year. The main purpose of this study was to make an estimation of the current business situation for producers of liquid diesel biofuels in Sweden such as biodiesel, synthetic diesel and crude tall diesel and examine the forces of competition of the industry today and its future prospects. The study revealed that the rivalry among the existing firms was low mainly due to the geographical spread of the companies. Moreover the success of the biodiesel industry was influenced by a long-term guarantee of the tax exempt for biofuels and by the price level of petroleum diesel.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur stor del av de män och kvinnor som döms till fängelse som har uppmärksamhetsstörning (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD). Den skall även besvara frågan om huruvida det finns skillnader mellan könen i prevalens, samt om det finns korrelation mellan ADHD och Antisocial personlighetsstörning (ASPD). Metoden som används är självskattningsformulär som är välbeprövade inom detta område, Wender-Utah rating Scale (WURS) och Mini Neuropsykiatrisk Intervju (M.I.N.I.). Formulären besvarades av 49 fängelsedömda män och kvinnor, vilka var inskrivna på kriminalvårdsanstalter i mellansverige. Resultatet av studien visar att en hög andel av den aktuella populationen har både ADHD och ASPD.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionTitle: Can nutritional support contribute to the healing of pressure ulcers in elderly patients?Author: Anton Kinnander, Sandra SmidelikSupervisor: Elisabet RothenbergExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 12-04-11Background The number of elderly patients with co-morbidity is increasing in the western world. It is therefore reasonable to predict increasing incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers. One study, published 2009, found that as many as 59 % of geriatric patients within the Swedish health care system had developed pressure ulcers. Symptoms vary from mild erythema to severe deep tissue damage and development of pressure varies from hours to weeks.

My work deals with large scale design of the urban fringe. The thesis is divided in three parts; ?Current viewpoints?, ?Infra City ? conditions ? and ?Infra City ? project?. In the first part, I go through the history of trade shortly. Then I discuss the concept of nature, which ends up in a linkage between natural science and aesthetics in landscape architecture. The link between those two makes a project stronger and more multifunctional. The object of my case, Infra City, is a mall situated north of Stockholm on both sides of the E4 motorway going to Arlanda airport.

This report is a study in voltagelevel in connection with regeneration of brake energy from the tramtype M31 in Gothenburg.In the act of braking, the tram M31 uses electrical braking where the electrical motors generates energy and if possible send it back to the overheadline, where other trams in the nearby can use this regenerated energy for its own driving force. In cases where no other energyconsumers are located in the same section, there is a resistance witch task is to convert this energy into heat. The regulation of this resistance appears to cause an increase in the voltagelevel into far too high levels.Investigations of the trams regulationequipment and its construction have been done. Further have measurements on the overheadline been performed in order to map the voltagevariations during a longer period of time.The result have been showing that the voltagelevel during regeneration often is as high as 880V-920V, more extreme values have not been observed in a large scale. The values are especially high compared to the nominal voltagelevel.

Objective: The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of depression among patients with arrhythmia, and to investigate if there was any gender difference in the study population regarding depression. Furthermore, differences considering depressive symptoms between patients with arrhythmia and the general population were to be investigated. Method: The self-rating scale MADRS-S was distributed during two weeks to 24 patients with arrhythmia. Twenty-one patients completed the study. Results: 28.5 % of the participants showed symptoms of some level of depression.

The purpose of this bachelor?s thesis is to examine how students at Högskolan i Borås experience the web-scale discovery service Summon, based on the theoretical model of ?The Five Dimensions of Usability?, defined by Whitney Quesenbery. The study aims to answer the following research questions: How do the students execute search assignments in the Summon interface? How intuitive and easy to navigate is the system from a user perspective? What are the students? opinions about Summon, regarding usability?Five students with varying information seeking skills are asked to perform search assignments during controlled observation, followed by semi-structured interviews. Our findings are presented in the context of previous research and show correspondence with the results of related studies.