The thesis project is accomplished during winter and spring 2008 at Karlstad University at the faculty of technology and science. The tutor at Karlstad University is Nils Hallbäck and the examiner is Hans Johansson. Rolls-Royce at Kristinehamn in Sweden is the initiator for the project. The thesis project title is design of the blade bolt joint on Kamewa CPP. CPP stands for controllable pitch propeller.

Denmark, Germany and Sweden are along with 24 other countries members of the European Union. Being part of the European Union also means being part of a European market. Within the union barriers for trade has been abolished in order to create more open market. This open market has also contributed towards a more globalized market for dairy products. What used to be a domestic market has become globalised with increasing trade among the members.

Hallsta paper mill uses large amounts of water during the pulp and paper making processes. The wastewater is treated in two separate activated sludge processes referred to as BIO 1 and BIO 2. The main aim is to reduce the organic substance content, measured as COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) before the wastewater is released into the environment. Since the effluent produced is very rich in organic substances, the addition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are necessary to give satisfactory treatment results. Problems with sludge bulking sometimes occur which lead to increased levels of suspended matter and nutrients in the effluent.

Dagens varslingsrutiner er en vel innarbeidet rutine som går i en kjede fra den som først oppdager skredfaren till att vegen stengs. Dette er en rutine som fungerer godt og trenger ingen forandring. Når det gjelder beredskapsplanenes utforming så er funksjonskontraktene for Tromsø og for Lyngen, heretter bare kalt Tromsø og Lyngen, nesten like. Det som skiller seg ut er att vedleggsdelen i Tromsø er bedre skrevet enn den som finnes i Lyngen. I vedleggsdelen i Lyngen er det byggelederen som er ansvarlig for vurderingsprosessen og for dokumentasjon osv., mens det i Tromsø er entreprenøren som har ansvaret for dette.

This report examines the industrialization of a newly developed household machine on behalf of Technogarden Engineering Resources in Karlstad, Sweden. The report is a part of the final course in the Bachelor Program in Mechanical Engineering at Karlstad University and takes place in spring 2014.An innovator, an investor and a engineering consultant firm have through collaboration developed a new type of gruel machine. The product is in its final stage of construction and is planned to be manufactured in a production located in Sweden, autumn of 2014.To compete against today?s trend in outsourcing manufacturing to low cost countries for better profitability, the industrialization of the gruel machine must be done with a minimum amount of resources in order to become successful, which also describes the problem of this study. Using pre-study material in form of Lean production literature, visiting a successful production site and gathering data from involved engineers a specification was developed which describes what this industrialization must achieve and which requests can be accomplished.

To succeed, and make money at your animal production you need to feed your animals with high quality fodder. Other condition to succeed is that you keep your production costs at a minimum. To be able to produce baled silage at a low cost it?s very important that the bales have a high density. Density is measured in kg dry matter (DM) per cubic meter. The purpose with this report was to learn more about making silage in round bales and to how much the bale density varies between different brands of round balers.

A common goal in practical forest management is to maximize the yield, measured in economical terms. When a forest stand is thinned a so called inoptimality loss can arise due to non-optimal decisions. This means that the selected management schedule results in a lower net present value than the optimal one which lowers the profitability for the forest owner. Holmen Skog uses the term tract which means an aggregation of stands made before a management action. A tract should be delineated in different tract parts in connection with pre-thinning planning if there is different bearing capacity within the tract, different thinning grades should be used or if the tract contains a weaker part that should not be thinned.

Idag är det inte många textilföretag som har möjlighet att ha strumpproduktion i ett land som Sverige på grund av lönsamhetsskäl. Det är billigare att producera i låglöneländer i Europa eller Asien, men det tär istället på våra naturresurser och vår miljö att transportera produkter fram och tillbaka. På grund av de höjda lönerna i Kina och valutakursen för euron som höjts drastiskt i Europa har Sverige dock kommit till ett läge då det blir ekonomiskt lönsamt att flytta tillbaka en del av produktionen till Sverige. Dessutom ökar trenden med ekologiska och närproducerade varor, vilket ökar efterfrågan på svensktillverkade produkter. Studien syftar till att ge privatpersoner och företag ett underlag till att undersöka sina möjligheter för produktion av strumpor på den svenska marknaden.Utvecklingen av strumpproduktionen i Sverige pågår hela tiden och företagen uppdaterar sina maskinparker och utbildar sina anställda, vilket leder till en utveckling av marknaden.

The plants in the genus Elatine are characteristic for oligo and mesotrophic lakes. This study focuses on Elatine hexandra one of the four species in Sweden. It is stated as vulnerable by the National Environment Agency and a conservation plan with guidelines to preserve the plant in Sweden is under preparation. There have been a few previous studies investigating this plant in other countries but this is the first one for Sweden. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, growth and reproduction of E.

På intiativ av Umeå Energi AB (UEAB) har det under våren 2011 pågått arbete med att införa, testa och utvärdera Laststyrning av fjärrvärme. Systemet har testats på Bostaden Umeå AB:s (BUAB) lägenhetkomplex på Liljansberget i Umeå. Området stod klart 2008 och inkluderar 709 stycken lägenheter i varierande storlek. Laststyrning som systemet minskar under perioder energitillförseln genom fjärrvärmecentralen för att på så sätt minska totala energitillförseln in till bostadshusen. Det är viktigt att inomhusklimatet inte försämras och därför utförs mätningar och beräkningar på husen samt fjärrvärmecentralerna.

Water is our most important provision and its quality is above all dependent on the geological conditions in the area from where it is extracted. Due to geological properties there are certain areas with an elevated risk of high uranium levels in the ground water, which in turn constitutes a risk for human health. Consumption of water that contains a high concentration of uranium implies a health risk due to the chemical characteristics of uranium. Livsmedelsverket (The National Food Administration) and Socialstyrelsen (The National Board of Health and Welfare) therefore recommend that precautionary measures should be taken when the uranium concentration in ground water exceeds 15 micrograms per litre. In particular, drinking water collected from wells in areas with uranium-rich bedrock may have a harmfully high level of uranium. One of the wells of the Ärla water purification plant, located near Eskilstuna, Sweden, contains water that exceeds the guideline of 15 micrograms per litre. One interesting technique for removing uranium from drinking water is adsorption to reactive filter materials.

Frölunda-Aspvik Säteri, a company just outside Stockholm within the agriculture and forestry sector, has developed a business idea around countryside tourism as a complement to their existing business. The idea is to offer a high quality and functional way of living in small cottages surrounded by beautiful nature and landscape of cultural importance. There will also be a range of additional activities available such as hunting, canoeing, cycling etc. The project should be done with minimum impact on the surrounding environment and the importance of the ecological system should be at the forefront of all business decisions. At present the company wants to have a better understanding of what the future trends are within tourism, how its business idea fits in with future trends within tourism and how to stay competitive.The purpose of this research paper is to identify the social driving forces that have an impact on people?s lifestyle and choice of holiday destination in the future, and present how these factors affect the travel industry.

The modern veterinarian in horse practice is often consulted by horse owners concerning riding problems. These problems are more complex and show other characteristics than traditional lameness. For the diagnostic process and to give adequate advice the veterinarians need an understanding of riding terminology and problems related to riding. It is also of high importance that riders, trainers and veterinarians increase the knowledge of equine biomechanics and how these are influenced by the rider. Collection is an important concept in the riding terminology.

Jordbruken i Sverige tenderar att bli allt större och större. Expansionen hos vissa enheter har den sista tiden varit väldigt stora. Maskinkostnaderna måste hela tiden hållas på ett minimum och många rationaliseringar görs för att uppnå detta. Detta får till följd att samma maskiner som gick på en begränsad areal används nu effektivare och utnyttjas bättre.Om man ser till växtskyddsbekämpningen finns det regler och miljöaspekter att ta hänsyn till i stor utsträckning. Dessa får inte tummas på! Frågan är var gränsen ligger fören gårds sputkapacitet för att kunna utföra bekämpningen under de rätta förhållandena.

När företag får möjlighet att verka på en väl fungerande marknad med ett minimum av offentliga regleringar skapas samhällsekonomisk effektivitet. Samtidigt är förtroendet för företagen en viktig grundbult för samhällsekonomisk tillväxt - om förtroendet skadas minskar investeringsviljan, vilket på sikt skadar såväl företagens som samhällets tillväxt. Efter företagsskandaler som Enron, Trustor och Skandia har det skapats en diskussion om den interna kontrollen ? såväl nationellt som internationellt ? vilket lett till att regelverk, normbildning och praxis världen över har granskats och reviderats. Med bakgrund i detta har ?Svensk kod för bolagsstyrning? utvecklats i Sverige.