Bakgrund: Smärta är en individuell upplevelse som kan vara svår att förmedla till andra men är ett oundvikligt fenomen efter kirurgiska ingrepp. Sjuksköterskor ska utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv bedöma patientens postoperativa smärta. Studier visade att det finns en skillnad mellan sjuksköterskors bedömning och patienters upplevelse av smärta. Smärtbedömningen kan försvåras av flera faktorer.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturbaserade studie var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors bedömning av postoperativ smärta hos patienter. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som baserades på 15 kvalitetsgranskade och systematiskt valda vetenskapliga artiklar.Resultat: Patienterna upplevde att deras smärta ofta underskattades av sjuksköterskorna.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka arbetssätt som verksamma matematiklärare använder för att arbeta med formativ bedömning. Syftet är även att undersöka vilka effekter på elevernas lärande de upplever att arbetssätten har samt vilka svårigheter de upplevt med att implementera formativ bedömning. I och med den nya läroplanen samt flera stora forskningsöversikter har begreppet formativ bedömning fått stor genomslagskraft inom den svenska skolan, trots detta upplevs ämnet matematik inte vara lika formativt som många andra ämnen. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i denna studie bygger på Dylan Wiliams fem nyckelstrategier för formativ bedömning. För att uppnå studiens syfte har åtta stycken verksamma matematiklärare deltagit i en kvalitativ intervju.

ABSTRACTPressure ulcers are a serious health damage that causes great suffering, prolonged hospital stays and increased health care costs. Patients undergoing surgery are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers and it is the operating theatre nurse responsibility to protect against health damage through nursing. There are little research made in the area of perioperative pressure ulcer prevention. In order to investigate perioperative pressure ulcer preventive care measures that are described in the litterature and to answer the question how the operating theater nurse can protect the patient, a pilot study of a systematic literature review was carried out. Data base searches were conducted in PubMed and Cinahl from where ten articles were selected and examined for their quality and content.

?Bland betygskrav och centrala innehåll?En undersökning av hur LGR-11 påverkar bedömning och undervisningens innehåll."Among rating requirements and core content"An examination of  how the LGR 11 affects the assessment and teaching content. Syftet med den här undersökningen är att få en fördjupad förståelse av innevarande kursplanen i bild och den innebörd den får i lärares dagliga arbete i bildsalen, främst när det gäller bedömning. Syftet är dessutom att undersökningen kan vara till hjälp för att säkerställa att formulera uppgifter och bedöma dem enligt Lgr11:s kursplan i bild.I undersökningen studeras vad styrdokumenten och bedömningsstöden som Skolverket gav ut i samband med sjösättningen av Lgr11 säger om hur bedömning och undervisningens innehåll ska se ut. I studien undersöks skillnaderna mellan Lpo94 och Lgr11:s kursplaner genom en jämförande textanalys och bearbetas med hjälp av litteratur inom området. Studien har inriktats på grundskolans senare år, och det är kursplanerna i bild för årskurs 7-9 har undersökts.Studiens resultat visar bland annat på att vad som ska studeras har tydligare skrivits fram i den senare kursplanen.

Syftet var att unders?ka sambandet mellan social kamouflering och utbr?ndhet hos vuxna (18+), autistiska och potentiell t autistiska individer. Vidare var syftet att unders?ka huruvida ett s?dant samband var starkare hos kvinnor ?n hos m?n, och om kvinnor upplever kamouflering och utbr?ndhet till st?rre grad. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom utskick av en enk?t, och studien ha de en tv?rsnittsdesign.

Both the Commission and the Community Courts have on several occasions stated that a concentration that will cause the creation or strengthening of an oligopoly under certain circumstances might cause what?s referred to as a collective dominant position in the market. The concept of collective dominant position has gained a lot of criticism for being poorly defined and thereby create an uncertainty. The Commissions approach when applying the concept has also gained criticism for its lack of consistency. As a consequence of the Court of First Instances (CFI) decision in the case Airtours v.

The thesis "Jaummuov?rrie Flower Meadow: An Assessment of Species Diversity and Cultural History," provides a detailed botanical examination of Jaummuov?rrie flower meadow in the Ammarn?s area, focusing on its biodiversity and cultural significance. The study aims to evaluate the species richness of the meadow and explore its role in the cultural heritage of the region. In addition to its ecological importance, the thesis delves into the cultural history of Jaummuov?rrie flower meadow, tracing its significance to the local community and traditional practices.

Background: Osteoarthritis is understood to be a common cause of pain and dysfunction in cats; however there are few validated pain assessment methods for chronic pain in cats. In order to design a proper pain questionnaire, it usability need to be tested in both sound and sick cats. Aim: The aim was to investigate the usability of the pain questionnaire ?Lifestyle changes in cats? by compiling the results from the pain questionnaire reflecting the lifestyle in 30 healthy cats and compare it to the results from a clinical examination, as well as proposing improvements and additions to the questionnaire based on a literature review. Material and method: 30 healthy cats participated in the pilot study; the pet owner filled out a pain questionnaire with 16 questions regarding their cat´s behavioral and eventual changes in behavior and physical function. Thereafter the cat walked over a pressure measurement mat and finally underwent an orthopedic-directed clinical examination. The literature was found on Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Sciencedirect, and Google Scholar and also with the help of my supervisors.

The aim of this master?s thesis is to examine how managers in some public libraries are using performance measurements and to what extent decision making is based on the results. The main questions posed are:??What performance measurements and indicators are used in the libraries examined???What is the attitude towards performance measurements among library managers???How and to what extent are performance measurements and indicators used in the process of decision making???What improvement would library managers wish regarding the development of performance measurements in public libraries?The theory is based on a model of evaluation of the public sector in addition to general steps of evaluation of quality and performance measurement results. The investigation is based on qualitative interviews with seven managers of public libraries in Sweden.

Fo?religgande studie syftar till att underso?ka fonologisk fo?rma?ga samt samla referensdata till kortversionen av det fonologiska bedo?mningsmaterialet Linko?pingsunderso?kningen (LINUS) fo?r svenska barn i a?ldersgruppen 4?5 a?r. Totalt medverkade 70 barn, 43 flickor och 27 pojkar (medela?lder 54 ma?nader). Barnen rekryterades pa? fo?rskolor i omra?den som la?g na?ra det socioekonomiska medelva?rdet fo?r riket.

The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers see the use of action plans for students in need of special support in physical education. The questions used were: What do the teachers consider being the causes for students not reaching the objectives in physical education? What experiences do four teachers have considering the work with action plans for students in need of special support? And, what experiences have one chosen head of school about establishing action plans for students in need of special support?To reach the answers to these questions qualitative interviews were made with four teachers from different schools. The interviews deal with the teachers views on assessment, curriculum, and the work with action plans for students in need of special support.The results show that that the underlying causes for students not reaching their objectives was either lack of participation or difficulties in certain parts of the subject. Despite this, the teachers write very few action plans even though it appears there are students in need of special support.

The purpose of our study is to find out how teachers can help their students to learn how to managestage fright. By interviewing high school teachers and high school students and also observe one oftheir classes, we wanted to find out how they think about the causes of stage fright and what youcan do to relieve it. We also wanted to find out how teachers are working to teach students how todeal with stage fright, and how they think that you also could work. As a teacher of music, among other things, the task is to assess and rate the students performancesin music. Several components are based on the students' courage to play on his or her instrument infront of other people.

The purpose of this thesis is to compare mass digitization and qualitative digitization, to see how the digitization process and the digitalized material differ. The study emanates from the mass digitization as it is performed at the National Library in Norway, and the qualitative digitization at the Royal Library in Sweden. The method used is document studies combined with mail interviews. The focus is upon the practical operation, to which counts: ?purpose & selection?, ?preparation, image capturing and processing?, ?metadata & text encoding?, ?quality assessment?, ?storage of digital originals and copies? and ?display?.

Bakgrund och mål: I dagsläget har Scania inget vedertaget samlat tillvägagångssätt för att, i den dagliga verksamheten, arbeta med riskbedömning av arbetsmiljöfaktorer. Scania har köpt ett riskhanteringssystem för bedömning av fysiska arbetsmiljörisker och vill undersöka om metoden är tillämpbar inom företaget. Modellen heter SARA- Samlad Riskbedömningar Arbetsplatser. Syftet med examensarbetet var att utvärdera Scanias möjligheter att arbeta kontinuerligt och systematiskt med riskanalyser av arbetsmiljöfaktorer enligt den metod som SARA beskriver och definierar och utveckla en anpassad version av SARA, utformad för Scanias förutsättningar. Den Scania-anpassade versionen av SARA fick den preliminära titeln WERA - Work Enivronment Risk Assessment.

Early extubation of cardiac surgery patients has become increasingly important. The assessment of the patient before an early extubation is crucial and the intensive care nurses (ICU nurses) in this estimation is there for very important.The aim of this study was to examine critical care nurses' knowledge of early extubation, and what view ICU nurse has about factors that affect the time to extubation of cardiac surgery patients.A quantitative approach with descriptive and comparative design was used. Selection was all ICU nurses at a thoracic intensive care unit who were clinically active in patient care.The study showed that ICU nurses had good knowledge of why an early extubation was essential. However, the knowledge about the unit?s extubation criteria was low.