The notion of firms interacting with technology is not new; these types of systems were already in place in the mid eighties. E-business users worked with connections between their inbound logistics and procurement systems, and suppliers? order-entry systems. When these connections were described for the first time the vertical links between two, or more, value chains in a value system received more attention in firm strategy. The design of the linkages in the value system was said to be a product of the need for coordination and relative bargaining power.

This report is the result of a thesis work in Integrated Product Development, regarding hygienic features in dishwashers and especially disinfection by the use of steam.The thesis is performed at Electrolux Primary Development Dishcare in Stockholm and in collaboration with the Department of Machine Design at the Royal Institute of Technology.The targets of the thesis are to prove the advantages of a technology suitable to implement as a hygienic feature inside a dishwasher and to realize a functional prototype of a differentiated hygienic feature that does not exist on the market today.The process followed to perform the thesis is the process defined for Electrolux Primary Development.The technology chosen for development is disinfection by heating the water on the surface of the dishware, by the use of steam.A number of tests on how steam behaves when injected into the dishwasher tub have been performed, providing the results that have been taken in consideration when designing the prototype.The prototype consists of a pipe system provided with nozzles to eject the steam into the upper parts of the dishwasher. Tests of the final prototype show that thermal disinfection of water in a dedicated area of the tub can be reached within 9 minutes. The operation requires 0,17 liters of water and consumes 0.2kWh..

The aim of this thesis is to discuss selected parts of cataloguing both from a practical and a theoretical viewpoint. It presents the basic grounds for cataloguing of printed as well as non-printed materials. The focus lies on the main entry heading and its author/title problem concerning film. The thesis theoretical part consists of an analysis of central documents dealing with the author concept from both a library- and information science perspective and a film science perspective. The practical part consists of interviews from two Swedish public libraries, which have different approaches on presenting films.

Science center har visat sig vara en utmärkt plats för undervisning. Detta är en studie av på vilket sätt ett skolbesök på ett science center kan bidra till att målen för år 9 uppnås och om ett besök på ett science center kan utgöra ett komplement till den vanliga skolundervisningen. Särskilt studeras ämnesområdet astronomi och kosmologi (universum och vårt solsystem) i ämnet fysik. Undersökningen är gjord på Universeum i Göteborg. Metoden i undersökningen är intervjuer och observationer.

This paper deals with a partly new development in the Swedish law system, somewhere in the boundary between political science and jurisprudence. A new instrument -artbrott- has successively become more popular among lawyers and politicians. The new instrument -here translated to classified crimes- signifies that the perpetrator is sentenced to prison even though the seriousness of the crime committed is not in itself serious enough for such a consequence. The reason for this policy stance is to create a prevention against crime of that specific character among the public. The use of this instrument has grown considerably both concerning types of crimes as well as in application.

To make it easier for forestry planning the forest owners needs data which describe characteristics of the forest. Such data you usually get from some type of inventory. A relatively new technology which probably is getting more important in the future, is laser scanning because of lower costs. But because the laser technology is relatively new you need to compare it with conventional inventory technologies to get better understanding of the possibilities the laser technology gives. This work intends to estimate field measured characteristics of the forest from laser data with help of regression analysis and then see which of the field measured properties that best could be estimated and which laser variables that gave the best results. This study shows that heights has the best estimates, but biomass, diameter and volume also gives good estimates.

Operationskonst som begrepp är relativt nytt men fenomenet har funnits under lång tid. Taktikär en annan del av krigskonsten nära knuten till operationskonsten då det är de taktiska avgörandenapå slagfältet som skall leda till att operativa mål uppnås.Tysk operationskonst som den utövades i början av andra världskriget samt amerikansk operationskonstsom den utövades i Irak 2003 får anses som två framgångsrika tillämpningar av operationskonst.Men vad innebar dessa typer av operationskonst och hur påverkade de taktiken iform av markförbandens strid?Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur operationskonst påverkar taktik och vilka konsekvenserdetta innebär samt om typen av operationskonst har någon betydelse för detta.Denna uppsats är en beskrivande studie. Den bygger på kvalitativ textanalys samt en analys avhur operationskonsten påverkar taktiken följt av en fallstudie.Resultatet visar att operationskonst påverkar taktik genom att begränsa eller främja handlingsfrihetenför förbandschefer. Taktiken påverkas också genom var man väljer att samla resurser:centraliserat eller decentraliserat.

The aim of this thesis is to map the research area of scientific collaboration within Library and Information Science LIS. The purpose is to find out who is doing research in this area, who they cite and if they get cited by other scientists outside of LIS. Scientific collaboration is an interdisciplinary research area with researchers from different disciplines such as LIS, human-computer interaction, psychology and sociology. We have concentrated our study to North America, Ireland, Great Britain and Scandinavia. In order to find researchers, we visited the websites of all universities with library and information science faculties in the chosen countries.

Since studies points out declining interest in science among students in Swedish schools, I have in this paper chosen to examine how some students at the Social Science Programme are experiencing the lessons in Natural Science and how to make lessons more interesting according to these students.The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of how teachers would develop new perspectives and tools to make lessons in Natural Science more interesting. I also wanted to investigate whether an intercultural perspective could be a possible tool to increase students? interest and motivation.As a theoretical framework, I have assumed Vygotskij's sociocultural perspective, Habermas's theory of deliberative conversations and an intercultural perspective. Through a qualitative approach, I conducted interviews with students and teachers. The main results showed that students felt that natural Science lessons were too theoretical and undemocratic and that they wanted to have more student interactions, such as discussions and group works.

The concept of security is a contested one. The United Nations definition in UNDPs Development report of 1994 is the most authoritive and commonly cited. The civil war in Sudan has led to 2 million deaths and over 5.5 million refugees. In a resolution from 2005, the UN decided that the war in Sudan was a threat to international security and peace. The 10th of January UN decided that a peace commission ought to be send with 10 000 military and civil men including 700 policemen.The main purpose of this thesis is to improve our knowledge of those factors which can cause an increased risk of conflict within a state, and how that can affect the social conditions for individuals.

Along with the development of technology, the cross-border trade is increasing and therefore there is a need for greater consumer protection. A good consumer protection creates a feeling of safety for the consumer and that by itself may help to increase cross-border trade. This is one of the reasons for why the EU has established regulatory framework for electronic commerce, for example the Directive2000/31/EC. The direc-tive strives to create a similar law for electronic commerce within the European Union. This paper?s main purpose is to ensure that the directive is implemented properly in Swedish law, and if there are other possible ways to achieve the objective, other than the ones that the Swedish legislator has chosen.

Försvarsmakten skall enligt riktlinjerna omstruktureras från ett utpräglat invasionsförsvar till en nätverksbaseradinsatsorganisation. Hur denna nätverksanpassning kan påverka området SF-operationer är uppsatsens fokus.Syftet utifrån detta fokus är att analysera om de operativa förutsättningarna för SF förändras vid nätverksbaseradeSF-operationer?Inledningsvis introduceras en teori om nätverkscentrerad krigföring, vilken idag utgör det teoretiska fundamentetbakom nätverksbaserat försvar (NBF). Ett analytiskt verktyg i form av William H. McRavens -Theory of SpecialOperations- används sedan för att analysera produkten av att nätverksbasera SF-operationer.De slutsatser som dras är att nätverksbaserade operationer å ena sidan använder sig av den gemensammalägesuppfattningen för att självsynkronisera operationer och därigenom öka beslutstempot.

Today we can create digital 3D models which can be realised almost instantly through production methods such as 3D printing and computer controlled milling.What if this same technology could be applied to the development and construction of terrain parks?With snow as the material tools could be developed using similar principles to design and sculpt the surface, only on a larger scale.How would terrain park designers adapt their process to use this new technology? In this Industrial design thesis I explore how the ideas of the terrain park designer can be expressed through such a system with focus on the designers knowledge and skill without the need to learn complicated 3D programs.Sketch, create, ride. .

This thesis deals with one of the main questions within information science: The question about controlled and uncontrolled vocabulary and which of the two that are most effective when it comes to retrieve relevant information from electronic databases. The method used here is literature studies. I have described and examined five empirical studies which has been done in purpose to compare the effectiveness in retrieval with controlled and uncontrolled vocabulary, in the way they are used in retrieval of information in databases. The studies I have examined have also used recall and precision as a value to measure the effectiveness of retrieval. The studies which I have chosen is also limited to deal only with studies that have been done in bibliographic databases.

I Sverige och utomlands har man på senare tid sett framväxten av ett nätverk av s.k. Science Centers (SC). Dessa SC har som viktigaste syfte att öka besökarnas naturvetenskapliga intresse. När det gäller elever från högstadiets senare år kan detta ökade intresse för naturvetenskap t ex visa sig i form av en ökad benägenhet hos eleverna att söka sig till ett naturvetenskapligt inriktat gymnasieprogram.Vi har utvecklat och använt en enkät-baserad metod för att undersöka den påverkan på elevers intresse för naturvetenskap som ett besök på SC har. Enkäten är lämplig att användas för elever från grundskolans senare årskurser.