The competition policy in the EU should guarantee that the competition is not distorted in the way that would prevent or create difficulties for the free mobility of goods and services between Member states. It is prohibited for companies to abuse their dominant position according to Article 82, if it affects trade. The essence of Article 82 is control of market power. The perfect competition results when supply and demand appoint the price and quantity of a product. Firms are encouraged to compete then it results in efficiency, quality products and lower prices.

Sweden became a member of the European Union in 1995. Consequently Sweden became obligated to implement the Working Time Directive 2003/88/EC (formerly termed 93/104/EC). At that time Sweden considered that their legislation already gave their employees as high level of protection as the directive prescribed. Instead they decided upon an adjustment of the collective agreements concerning working time. A particular EC-restriction was incorporated in the Working Hours Act (SFS 1982:673).

Today many separated children and youth up to 18 years - children in the sense of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - flee from war and armed conflicts around the world. Many of them come to Sweden for protection and to apply for asylum.The aim of this study is to examine how the national Swedish news agency Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå - TT - constructs the image of separated children and youth. The main research questions have been: How does TT construct the image of the separated refugee children? The more detailed questions put to examine this main question have been: what are the issues being focused in the reporting and what discourses, voices and sources are let into the journalistic material?The theoretical perspective should be considered as social constructionistic where the basic idea is that the image of the separated child also constructs the way society looks upon them, their rights and their needs, affecting how these children will be welcomed and treated when thay arrive in our society. The empirical study is a qualitative analysis of text, produced in the span 2007- April 20th 2010.

PFAS är en grupp poly- och perfluorerade ämnen som framställs industriellt och förekommer i ett flertal produkter såsom impregnerade papper och textilier, brandskum och rengöringsmedel, detta på grund av dess smuts, vatten- och fettavstötande egenskaper. Ämnena klassas som PBT ämnen, persistenta, bioackumulerande och toxiska, vilket gör dem till ett hälsoproblem för människor och djur. Denna studie undersökte förekomsten av PFCA, PFSA och PAPS i micropopcorn, samt om migration från förpackning till majskorn innan tillagning förekom och om PFAS i popcornen kunde utgöra en hälsorisk för människor. Proverna bereddes genom att tillaga ett prov i mikrovågsugn, ett i kastrull innehållande majskärnor samt fettet från micropopcornpåsen och ett där majskärnorna tvättades rena från fett från påsen och därefter tillagades med rapsolja i kastrull. Proven extraherades bland annat med en SPE Wax + HLB, separerades i en Acuity UPLC och identifierades med hjälp av en Xevo TQ-S-quadrupole masspektrometer med atmosfäriskt elektrospraygränssnitt i negativt läge samt analyserades i mjukvaran Masslynx.

This paper considers the Swedish regulations of purchase taking the perspective of private persons as a starting point. The law of purchase from the year 1990 is applicable on a number of legal purchase situations where the contracting parties varies. Nevertheless, the law is mainly focused on the purchase between businessmen. This places private persons on level with businessmen, since they are given equal responsibility regarding legal knowledge and the drawing up of contracts. In order to get a deeper knowledge of the law of purchase and to reach an understanding of how it should be interpreted we have studied the government bill on the law, cases from the Supreme Court, doctine on the area and legal articles. The purpose with this paper is to examine whether the law of purchase from the year 1990 is too old to be applicable on private purchases today.

The EU guarantees the free movement of persons. The citizens of the EU Member States have the right to move freely without barriers within the EU borders and this result in an integration of the peoples in Europe. The integration result in several international family relationships. It is not unusual in the present situation that families have international relations. For example, spouses in a married couple may have different nationality.

Säkerhetsrådet antog resolution 1325 (år 2000) för att förstärka FN:s fokus på förtrycket mot kvinnor och deras roll i konflikt ? och postkonflikt ? samhällen. Det 20:e århundradets ledord blev jämlikhet, utveckling och fred. Resolution 2122 antogs tretton år senare, den understryker fokus på kvinnans rättsliga ställning, denna gång med särskild betoning på kvinnors delaktighet i beslutsprocesser. I uppsatsen har jag undersökt för- och nackdelar i FN-systemet samt folkrätten.

The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge about whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) ecology to enhance the ability to predict and also to prevent the crop damage they cause. The largest proportion of damage in Sweden has been reported at stopover sites during spring migration in February, March and April. Therefore, this study focused on an important stopover site, Lake Tysslingen, situated in south-central Sweden. Specifically, the relation between the duration and period migrating swans stage at the stopover site and mean temperature (measured at three different weather stations) for the years 2001-2010 was studied. Furthermore, the swans´ selection for certain fields in relation to field type, distance to roosting site, a supplemental feeding site and forest edge within agricultural land surrounding the lake was analyzed.

Abstract Contemporary cities find themselves today in a fierce competition against other cities over company establishment and in -migration. In this competition, the city?s main objective is to become an attractive site of capital accumulation.  As this happens, the pressure on the vulnerable groups in society increases, leading to a social geographic polarization. I have examined how the shift towards neoliberalism has affected a city on the fringe as Kalmar. How is the postindustrial urban space constructed? I found this important to analyze since it put two important questions in the light: For whom, and for which purpose do we build the city today? My questions have been:v  What are Kalmar municipality?s strategies to develop Kalmar?v  What are the results of this strategy in the urban space?v  What are the consequences of this strategy?The research has been a case study of the city of Kalmar with a qualitative deductive approach where David Harvey?s theories about the city in a capitalist system have been the underpinning structure.

The question of whether there is soft law in international law has been as much the subject of contemporary debate as whether or not there is private legal authority in the international society. The legal boundaries seem to be blurred by the process of globalisation and the recent shift in international law. The traditional definition of international law has been outdated as new forms of treaties has introduced new subject of law to the judicial arena. At the same time a supplementary map of law has been added to the cartography of international law, soft law. These correlating processes have comprehensive political and legal consequences at both the international and national levels.

A group of companies that only recently has caught the attention of Swedish designers, enterprises and media are the so -called "furniture pirates". In Sweden it?s mainly two companies that have ended up in the spotlight. The online stores Ikon M and Designers Revolt are two companies which currently sell replicas of famous Swedish and foreign designers. Although the designs sold are copyright protected in Sweden, and most other European countries, the right holders can only stand by and watch as more or less exact copies are sold for a fraction of the price of the originals.The business model - to exploit the EU?s free movement of goods and the UK's short term of copyright protection in matter of mass-produced art (industrial design) - has proven successful for the companies that practice it.

Studien handlar om migrerande mäns upplevelser av att vara pappa i Sverige och syftar till att undersöka hur den svenska kontexten bestående av strukturer, ideal och normer påverkar föräldraskapet hos dessa. Som ingång till detta ämne har föräldraskapet ställts i relation till de resonemang som förts mellan föräldrarna kring fördelning av föräldradagar. Empirin har samlats in genom sex kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med män som är födda utanför norden och som har barn under åtta år. I studien framkom det att vissa av respondenterna kunde känna sig bevakade i sitt föräldraskap då de som utlandsfödda pappor kunde förväntas agera annorlunda av majoritetssamhället. Det visade sig även att pappans roll i föräldraskapet till viss del kunde ha förändrats efter migrationen till Sverige.

On July 22, 2011 a bomb detonated in the government building in central Oslo in Norway and eight persons died. Later that day, 69 people, most of them youths, were shot down and killed on the island of Utøya by a uniformed Norwegian man.The purpose of this study is to analyse Anders Behring Breivik's personality and explain why he became a killer. I have used a Psychobiographical narrative method, which serves to describe the mind of a human being, linking the mind to motives, scripts, unconscious ideas and personality.My primary sources are Breivik?s Manifest: 2083 A European Declaration of Independence and the inter-views with his father and stepfather, together with the Psychiatric Reports which were submitted to the District Court of Oslo. I have analysed in what way Breivik?s childhood influenced his behavior as an adult.

Bakgrund Kommunikation ?r central inom v?rden och ?r avg?rande f?r att skapa f?rst?else, f?rtroende och delaktighet mellan sjuksk?terska och patient. Migration och ?kad m?ngfald har lett till att patienter har olika spr?kliga och kulturella bakgrunder, vilket kan skapa spr?kbarri?rer och kommunikationsutmaningar. Dessa hinder p?verkar sjuksk?terskors m?jligheter att ge personcentrerad v?rd och kan leda till frustration, missf?rst?nd och begr?nsad delaktighet f?r patienten.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrundMed ökad migration följer en befolkning med språkliga variationer. I det vardagliga livet kan en individs kunskaper i svenska vara tillräckliga men när en individ blir patient och hamnar i en sjukvårdssituation kan språkliga eller kommunikativa hinder uppstå. Det beror på att förmågan att behärska ett språk är situationsberoende. Kommunikation sker i många olika former, i centrum står överföring av information mellan avsändare och mottagare. När informationsöverföringen sker i båda riktningarna och informationen som förmedlas bekräftas av de som är inblandade sker kommunikationen på ett säkert sätt.