Mångfald och mångkulturella förhållanden nämns av Integrationsverket som viktiga inslag i det svenska samhället och man arbetar därför inom verket för att motverka etnisk diskriminering och rasism. Enligt Integrationsverket handlar frågan om etnisk mångfald ytterst om samhällets förmåga att leva upp till principen om allas lika värde oavsett etnisk, kulturell eller religiös bakgrund. Integrationsverket har en avgörande roll för integrationen i Sverige och centralt i verkets arbete är den etniska mångfalden och integrationen av utlandsfödda invånare. Nya invånare, som beviljats uppehållstillstånd, tilldelas av Integrationsverket en bok, ?Sverige ? en pocketguide?, med syfte att underlätta den första tiden i Sverige.

The topic of this thesis is immigration policy in the European Union with focus on the Schengen cooperation and illegal immigration. Immigration policies and other policy areas such as asylum and refugee policies have become hot topics on the EU agenda in recent years. Partly because of cooperations like Schengen, but also because a need of a common immigration and asylum policy has emerged.The purpose of the thesis is to give a better understanding of the relations that might be found between illegal immigration to the EU and the Schengen cooperation. Schengen plays an important role in dealing with international migration in the EU and will probably continue to do so in the future.The thesis is a comparative case study with Spain and Germany as the two specific cases. Their national immigration policies are examined and put in relation to the Schengen cooperation.

The aim of this paper is to study and outline the factors governing political leadership at the party leader level, and to conclude to what extent a party leader rules and to what extent the party leadership is contextually determined. The theories used are based on Elgie's interactionistic study of political leadership and Stewart's organisational model of leadership as well as political culture.Thus, the questions raised are if the leader leads or if the leader follows; if the leadership environment is formed by the leader or if it is, merely, implemented on the leader; and what a model of the political leadership consist of? To answer these questions a text analysis comparing Sahlin?s speeches to the party?s political programme is used as well as in-depth interviews with members of the Board of Party.The conclusion shows that the leadership is contextually framed, but the leader is free to implement his or her ambitions within that frame as long as it is coherent to the party line..

Since 2005 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has prescribed a mandatory requirement that all ?Publicly Consolidated Entities? abide by the ?International Financial Reporting Standards? (IFRS). However, due to a difference in institutional elements, between countries, differences in financial reporting are still possible. This essay aims to identify such differences between Swedish and British companies in their adaptation of the IFRS, specifically differences in; ?Disclosure Requirements for Goodwill? specified in ?IAS 36 p 134?.

This master thesis investigates how the county administrative boards communicate the regional risk and vulnerability analyses to municipalities in Sweden. Information has been gathered through a survey and through a case study involving three county administrative boards. The results revealed that there are possibilities to improve or develop the communication in all the county administrative boards. The information channels are often written or web based, these channels promote one way communication rather than a dialog. The thesis gives suggestion on how to work out a strategy for a more effective communication, the case study also gives ideas on how a county administrative board can work with communication..

Bakgrund: I denna uppsats presenteras läsaren till Stockholm Visitors Board varumärke som under några år använts och marknadsförts internationellt för att locka företag, besökare och investerare till Stockholms stad. Författarna har undersökt varumärket ?Stockholm - The Capital of Scandinavia? för att ta reda på vad de danska och norska turistorganisationerna anser om detta. De utländska organisationerna är VisitNorway, Wonderful Copenhagen och VisitDenmark. Samtidigt har en utredning pågått för att se om något motarbete gjorts från ovan nämnda organisationerna.Med facit i hand kan författarna konstatera att dessa organisationer är likasinnade i sitt sätt att arbeta.

The purpose with this disertation is to find if there are selected factors which can force companies to grow. We have chosen five factors which we think can force the companies; market, strategy, profitability, demographic and institutional factors. We want to examine if there are differences between small and larger companies, and if there are differences between the lines of business.The intention to growth is also influenced by different factors. The organization and the board have an effect on the development. There are also factors that can obstruct the growth, for example control.

This essay focuses on how trafficking is defined and dealt with in recent European policies,and particularly how prostitution take part of these discursive developments. Treaties andagreements on trafficking in human beings and for sexual exploitation have been made bythe European Union and United Nations amongst others, which have been signed andratified by the EU countries in Action Plans. In this essay, five national Actions Plans, fromAustria, Great Britain, Poland, Spain and Sweden between 2007 and 2009, have beencompared in order to see similarities and differences in how the phenomenon of traffickingis done through language. Based on Discourse theory and focus on discursive struggles, theresult show a hegemony around trafficking as a social issue in the Action Plans studied,exploiting humans, mainly children and women, sexually, but also how trafficking is framedas a problem of the nation state and the domestic labour market. It is also illustrated howdifferent meanings of prostitution make the trafficking discourse antagonistic and contested.Finally, the essay discusses the trafficking discourse in relation to EU strivings towardsharmonisation and power imbalances of migration and economy in Europe..

During the 19th century the Elementary school and its teachers emerge in the city of Halmstad and in the parish of Veinge as well as in Sweden overall. The aim of the essay is to enthrone these teachers? conditions and a comparison is done between the teachers in these two places. The mate-rial that is used is for example minutes from the board of education in Veinge and the city council of Halmstad, collected works about the elementary school of Halmstad as well as litera-ture regarding the subject. The essay starts with a short background history about the Elementary school and its teachers.

De mänskliga rättigheterna brister i sin universalism. Många människor som lever i demokratier nekas grundläggande rättigheter därför att de inte är medborgare i den stat där de bor. Anledningen till detta är att nationalstater, som har ansvar för att de mänskliga rättigheterna efterföljs, traditionellt endast anses ha ansvar för sina medborgare. Uppsatsen utreder och synliggör motsättningen mellan mänskliga rättigheters inkluderande och medborgerliga rättigheters exkluderande natur samt vilka konsekvenser detta får för icke-medborgare.Tre teorier om postnationellt medborgarskap presenteras och genom en mer utförlig diskussion av dessa idéer försöker vi i en konstruktiv ansats utforma en mer inkluderande medborgarskapsmodell i två nivåer; den globala och den nationella. I denna modell utgör de mänskliga rättigheterna en juridisk grund för ett medborgarskap för de människor som saknar det nationella.

Följande studie genomfördes för att undersöka koncentrationsförmågan hos 15-årigafotbollsspelare. 15-åriga barn kan uppleva stora skillnader i prestation inom sin idrott ochstudien utfördes för att försöka identifiera ålderseffekter och ifall dessa är orsaken till varförvissa fotbollsspelare är bättre på att koncentrera sig än andra. Relativ ålderseffekt menar attbarn som är födda tidigt på året ofta presterar bättre inom sin idrott än barn i samma ålder somär födda sent på året (Baker, Schorer, & Cobley, 2010).Totalt undersöktes 207 fotbollsspelande 15-åringar, av dessa var n= 78 flickor och n= 129pojkar. Dessa individer fick svara på en enkät, TAIS ? Test of Attentional and InterpersonalStyle (Nideffer, 1976) angående deras koncentrationsförmåga som sedan analyserades medhjälp av ett envägs ANOVA och Chi2test.Föreliggande studie visade inget samband mellan spelarnas koncentration och derasidrottsliga nivå.

Since 1983 all Swedish companies are legally obliged to allow themselves to be audited. Recently the question of whether small companies should be subject to this or not has frequently been discussed. Many find it superfluous and think it ought to be abolished. In England small companies no longer have to be audited. However, in a study by Jill Collis it has been shown that a large number of companies choose to be audited although there is no obligation for them to do so.

Problemområde: Idag har Internet blivit var mans egendom. Detta innebär tyvärr en hel del problem. Det tydligaste vi står inför idag är att IP-adresserna håller på att ta slut. För att bli av med problemet används olika temporära lösningar ("lappningsteknik") men även en permanent lösning utvecklas, nämligen Ipv6 (Internet Protocol version 6).Det nya protokollet löser adressbristen men har även många andra funktioner så som säkerhet och bättre routinglösningar. Vi ställde oss då frågan varför har ingen övergång skett trots dessa fördelar. Frågeställning: Var i övergången mellan IPv4 och IPv6 står vi idag? Varför har inte övergången mellan IPv4 och IPv6 redan skett? Vilka är de största anledningarna och vilka fler möjliga finns det? Slutsats: Arbetet visar att tiden för en övergång ännu inte är inne.

Postcolonial feminist theory says that ones identity is constructed by severalfactor, not only gender but even culture, ethnicity and class imbedded in the socialcontext. This paper examines what happens to women's identities if the socialcontext changes. Does an identity shift occur? By interviewing five women fromBosnia-Herzegovina I try to understand the affects migration has on women?sidentity. Postcolonial feminist theory says that our identities are constantlychanging, as their constructing factors.

This thesis analyzes the media debates generated by the election of Omar Mustafa to the board of the social democratic party, and the appointment of the conservative Minister of Labour, Elisabeth Svantesson. More specifically, the aim is to analyze newspaper material through a discourse analyze, to see if and how religious affiliation effects the possibilities to act as a political representative. Theories of othering and intersectionality serve as theoretical points of departure. Further, chains of equivalence from Laclau and Mouffe?s discourse theory are used to study how categories as ?us? and ?the other? are constructed in the material, and how these processes of categorization relate to the intersection of religion, gender and ethnicity.