24 years have passed since the Chernobyl accident when radionuclides were spread over largeareas of Europe, including the Scandinavian countries. Today, measurable activities of 137Csare still observed in many Swedish ecosystems.Ants (belonging to the order Hymenoptera) are social insects which collect organic materialfrom a large area around their nests. This study focuses on the 137Cs activity in ant nests andthe cesium accumulation in these nests. The aims were (1) to estimate the 137Cs fall-out in1986, (2) estimate the radiation exposure of ants and (3) find how 137Cs is distributed in an anthill. Seven ant hills (occupied by the species Formica polyctena) were studied near the villageof Hille, situated north of the city of Gävle in central Sweden.

Syfte: Syftet med denna systematiska ?versikt ?r att unders?ka om intag av kokosfett, i j?mf?relse med annan k?lla rik p? m?ttat fett, har en annorlunda p?verkan p? postprandiella triglycerider i blod. Metod: Litteraturs?kningen genomf?rdes i databaserna PubMed och Scopus och baserades p? tre s?kblock utformade efter Mesh-termer och dess synonymer. De inkluderade studierna skulle vara RCT studier som unders?kte postprandiella triglycerider i blodet m?tt som AUC och maxv?rde. Interventions- och kontrollgruppen skulle vara kokosfett respektive annan k?lla till m?ttat fett.

This thesis of 15 hp has been implemented at Halmstad University, incollaboration with Saab Dynamics in Linköping. Saab Dynamics is a companyoperating in the defence industry where competition is tough. This necessitatesnew ways to increase efficiency in the company, which is the basis for this thesis.Saab Dynamics wants to introduce simulation driven design. Since SaabDynamics engineers have little experience of simulation, required a usermethodology with clear guidelines. Due to lack of time, they chose to assign thetask to students, which resulted in this thesis.The aim of the thesis is to develop a methodology in mechanical design, wherethe designer uses the FE analysis early in the design process to develop thestructures' mechanical properties.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a disease which causes vascular damage, stroke and premature death.Oxidative stress may play a role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Selenium is amineral involved in the protection against oxidative stress, and has been thought to be favorable in theprevention of the disease. However, this has changed since trials observed positive correlationsbetween high selenium levels and incidence of type 2 diabetes.Objective: To examine the studies that investigates seleniums effect on the incidence of typ 2 diabetesSearch strategy: Searches have been done in PubMed and Scopus.Selection criteria: Included studies were human studies in English/Swedish with RCT or cohortdesign with the aim to investigate the correlation between selenium and incidence of type 2 diabetes.Excluded studies were studies whose aim was to investigate the role of selenium in patients withexisting diabetes. Studies regarding pregnant women, animals or children and with in vitro design werealso excluded. Of the studies found in Scopus where Mesh terms were available, the ones who did notinclude relevant terms were excluded.Data collection and analysis: Studies were collected according to the aforementioned criteria.

Under de senaste åren har det visat att folsyra har en koppling till neuralrörsdefekter (NTD) hos foster. Under graviditeten ökar kravet på folsyra på grund av tillväxt av livmoder, placenta och foster. Syftet med detta arbete var att ta reda på folsyrans effekter och bieffekter. Att redogöra de vetenskapliga belägg som finns för folsyrans skyddseffekter mot missbildningar och vilka rekommendationer av folsyratillskott som ges till de fertila kvinnorna i barnafödande ålder. Metoden som användes var att söka och granska vetenskaplig litteratur i form av artiklar från databaserna PubMed, SveMed+, Svensk Mesh, Google Scholar och Libris.

Att känna sig ledsen, olycklig och nedstämd ibland är helt naturligt. För att nedstämdheten ska kallas depression ur medicinsk synvinkel krävs att man dagligen under minst två veckor känner sig nedstämd och upplever minskad glädje och intresse för vanliga aktiviteter. I dag behandlas depression med kognitiv terapi eller medicinering. Några exempel på läkemedelsgrupper är Monoaminoxidashämmare (MAO-hämmare), Tricykliska antidepressiva (TCA) och Selektiva Serotoninåterupptagshämmare (SSRI). SSRI-läkemedlen verkar genom att hämma återupptaget av serotonin i CNS-neuronen.

The horse's motivations to forage and eat are behaviors that horse owners should take into consideration when designing the horse's living environment. In today?s housing of horses, horses are often kept alone in boxes and paddocks and are fed with small amounts of energy-rich roughage. Problems that can arise with a shortened feeding-time and long periods of fasting are behavioral changes like stereotypic behaviors and an increased risk for ulcers. A solution to the short feeding-time is that you are feeding roughage in a small Mesh hay net, or a so-called Slow-feed net.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Coconut fat?s effect on blood lipids - A systematic overviewAuthor: Linnéa Hult and Sandra WestlingSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-11Background: Coconut fat has recently been praised in the media. Amongst other things,coconut oil has been said to lower cholesterol (1, 2). This despite the fact that coconut oilcontains of 92 % saturated fat, which strong scientific evidence support raises the blood lipidsand thus increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (3).Objective: To examine the scientific evidence for how blood lipids in adults are affected byan intake of coconut fat compared to an intake of other kind of fats.Search strategy: PubMed and Scopus have been used in the literary search. Keywords usedwere "coconut fat", "coconut oil", "plasma lipids" and cholesterol [Mesh].Selection criteria: Human studies of RCT or cohort type, published since 1983.

Time of harvest affects nutritional value and digestibility of haylage since plants are in different developmental stages. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of plant maturity of haylage cut in June, July and August on digestibility and faecal particle size in horses.Forage and faecal samples used for the analysis of apparent dry matter digestibility (DMd) and particle size distribution in faeces were from a feed-study performed in the autumn of 2009. Twelve horses were used in the study, divided into three groups in a change-over experiment. Each group was fed haylage harvested in June, July or August during three periods. Faecal grab samples were taken from each horse and pooled so that one sample represented one horse during one period.

Syfte: Syftet med den h?r systematiska ?versikten ?r att unders?ka det vetenskapliga underlaget f?r om medelhavsliknande kost kan bromsa utvecklingen av ?ldersrelaterad kognitiv neds?ttning. Metod: Litteraturs?kningarna genomf?rdes i Scopus och PubMed. S?kningarna delades upp i tre s?kblock: ?diet, mediterranean?, ?Cognitive decline? och ?RCT?. Mesh-termer f?r varje block inkluderades i s?kningarna i databaserna.

BakgrundHög belastning ses på akutmottagningar världen över. Detta kan bero på ett stort antal icke akuta patienter söker sig dit. Till akutmottagningen kommer patienter som utsatts för akut skada eller sjukdom och majoriteten får en låg prioritering i triagesystemet och får vänta länge på vård. Patienten ska erhålla individanpassad hjälp, där personlig bekräftelse är en del av processen tillsammans med ett individanpassat bemötande och individanpassad information. Vård skall ges med hänsyn till alla människors lika värde och ske genom ett respektfullt bemötande.

This survey was made during the autumn of 2002 and the beginning of 2003, on commission from the National Board of Forestry. The purpose with the survey was to gather experience and knowledge in the organisation about fencing and this was made through interviews. The ambition was also to get knowledge from people outside the organisation that have great experience of forestry and fencing. The interviews were based on questions that have been composed by the author with help from the supervisors. The questions were the same to both the personal from the National Board of Forestry and to the foresters. Interviews were also made with private landowners, gamekeepers, game researcher, the County Administrative Board, the National Road Administration, pole and net retailers and contractors. The target group for this work is the National Board of Forestry to be forwarded to persons interested in forestry with the ambition to spread knowledge about how to prevent damage on the forest by browsing animals. The deer populations are big in the south of Sweden and growing populations have increased the damage on plantations of broadleaves of the most species.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Coconut water and recovery/water-electrolyte balance after physicalexcercise ? A systematic overviewAuthor: Irene Eriksson and Alexandra ÖquistSupervisor: Henriette PhilipsonExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 09, 2014Background: During physical exercise, it is common with dehydration, which affectsperformance negatively. To restore the fluid balance it is optimal to drink fluids containingsalt and carbohydrates. In theory, coconut water should be a good recovery drink because oftheir nutrient content.Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence available, to investigate whether coconut wateris better than water or sports drinks for rehydration after physical exercise.Search strategy: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library have been used in the literarysearch. Keywords used were recovery, fluid balance, fluid therapy, water-electrolyte balance,rehydration, dehydration, hydration, exercise, physical activity, resistance training, activity,sports, training, coconut water in varying combinations, in order to cover as wide area aspossible.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Alcohol consumption after training and its effects on muscle gain and recovery adult menAuthor: Frida Carlstedt, Puck JanssonSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 09, 2014Background: Today, the Swedish population exceeds the recommendations for alcohol intake while advised to move at least thirty minutes a day. It is well established what happens if you drink alcohol before a workout or if you workout the day after an alcohol intake, but it is less well established how muscle gain and recovery are affected by an intake of alcohol in the phase of recovery.Objective: The objective of this review is to investigate if there is a relation between alcohol intake after a workout and effected recovery and muscle gain. This was performed by measuring the outcomes cortisol, testosterone, creatine kinase as well as different measures of muscle strength. The issue was ?Does an intake of alcohol after training affect recovery and muscle gain??Search strategy: A systematic review in the databases PubMed and Scopus with the Mesh-terms: exercise, muscles, recovery of function, training, athletic performance, performance, sport, alcohol drinking, alcohols, alcohol and ethanol.Selection criteria: Criteria for articles to be included in this review were that they would be RCT- and human studies in healthy subjects as well as containing an ethanol intake after a physical activity that consisted of weight training in the form of resistance training or other forms of activity that promotes strength.Data collection and analysis: A systematic search for literature as mentioned above (search strategy) was performed as well as an analysis with the SBU quality review template for randomized studies, and a quality review for each measure of outcome according to Gothenburg University summarized evidence template for measures of outcome.4Main results: Many studies are authored by the same group of researchers and/or are of a lower quality.

Bakgrund: Den vanligaste tumörsjukdomen hos män är prostatacancer, samtidigt som prostatacancer oftast drabbar äldre män ökar andelen äldre i befolkningen vilket har medfört en ökad incidens. Den vanligaste behandlingen för att bota prostatacancer är operation då prostatakörtel, sädesledare och sädesblåsor opereras bort, radikal prostatektomi. Den mest betydande komplikationen efter detta ingrepp är impotens. Hur impotens efter radikal prostatektomi upplevs är till stor del beroende av sjuksköterskans roll i omvårdnaden. Syfte: Att beskriva vad tidigare studier visat om mäns upplevelser av erektil dysfunktion och dess påverkan på sexualliv och livskvalitet efter genomgången radikal prostatektomi.