A shorter dry period length has in studies abroad showed some positive effects among high yielding dairy cows. Among other things it has been suggested that the periparturient metabolic stress becomes lower, that the fertility is improved and dry off becomes gentler for the udder, due to a lower milk yield. The milk yield is generally reduced during the first period after calving, especially among primiparous cows. The aim of this master thesis was to investigate how Swedish cows were affected by a shortened dry period, regarding milk yield, metabolism, health, body condition and body weight from two months before calving to some weeks after calving. Also plasma concentration of lactose during the period before calving was determined.

Typ 2-diabetes är ett stort och växande folkhälsoproblem i västvärlden. Om sjukdomen inte behandlas kommer den att på sikt orsaka organskador och sämre livskvalité för patienterna. Målet för behandlingen av diabetes är att bibehålla livskvalité och att förhindra komplikationer, både på kort och lång sikt. Sjukdomen behandlas med livsstilsförändringar och perorala läkemedel och i vissa fall också med tillägg av insulin. För att uppnå målet är det viktigt att patienten förses med kunskap och trygghet om sin situation och sin sjukdom.

Typ 2-diabetes är ett stort och växande folkhälsoproblem i västvärlden. Om sjukdomen inte behandlas kommer den att på sikt orsaka organskador och sämre livskvalité för patienterna. Målet för behandlingen av diabetes är att bibehålla livskvalité och att förhindra komplikationer, både på kort och lång sikt. Sjukdomen behandlas med livsstilsförändringar och perorala läkemedel och i vissa fall också med tillägg av insulin. För att uppnå målet är det viktigt att patienten förses med kunskap och trygghet om sin situation och sin sjukdom.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the past 40 years the ambulance service in Sweden has evolved from mainly being a source of transport to today?s high-tech caring facilities that enable qualified care to start already in the patient?s home. This first level of care is now provided by registered nurses and registered nurses with specialist training in pre hospital care.At the same time as the care provided is becoming more advanced, results from studies demonstrate that the amount of dispatches to patients that lack the need for ambulance care and transport is increasing. Nurses in pre-hospital care possess the knowledge, training and authority to perform an initial assessment of patients and also treat patients according to local and national guidelines. After the treatment it would sometimes be possible for the patients to remain at home without having to use ambulance transport to an emergency department or in other cases find other means of transport to hospital.

Bakgrund: Ett stort antal personer drabbas varje år av venös tromboembolism i Sverige och ungefär en fjärdedel drabbas av lungemboli. Symtomen kan vara mycket varierande och diffusa vilket gör sjukdomen svårdiagnostiserad. De flesta patienter som kommer till sjukhus och får behandling i tid överlever. Det finns i dag mycket forskning när det gäller riskfaktorer, diagnos och behandling vid lungemboli. Däremot är inte upplevelsen av att drabbas väl studerad, inte heller hur det påverkar patientens livskvalitet.

Sedan år 2005 har personal vid Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset utvecklat ett triage system utifrån Manchester triage system till det svenska Medical Emergency Triage and Treatment System (METTS). Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om METTS är ett stöd för ambulanssjuksköterskor/sjuksköterskor i deras bedömning av patienter. En kvantitativ design har valts genom att samla in enkäter från två olika län i Sverige. Insamlad data sammanställdes via statistikprogrammet Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 och analyserades i deskriptiv och analytisk statistik. I resultatet framkom det att METTS var ett system som hjälpte sjuksköterskorna i ambulansen i sin bedömning av patienter prehospitalt.

Today's Swedish large-scale forestry uses almost exclusively computer-aided bucking. It allows the harvester computer, using an optimisation price list (steering price list), to maximize the value of each tree. The optimisation price list can be adjusted so that the industry gets the raw material it demands from the forest. There are various simulation programs that can be used when constructing a optimisation price list. The simulation program merchandise a database of stem shapes using a given price list and mimics a harvester's work. To get the demanded raw material for the industry it is important to use a well-adjusted optimisation price list.

This paper attempts to display how five teachers of social studies use and relate to the policy documents and their instructions on gender. To penetrate the subject, five teachers were intreviewed. Each interview focused on how the curriculum attempts to guide teachers regarding gender, sex differences and equality of opportunity. The collected information was processed, analyzed and discussed using gender studies and discourse theory.The results show that the interpretation and usage of the curriculum is very subjective and varies greatly between all the interviewed teachers. Their personal interpretation proves to be crucial when it comes to making reality of the stated goals in the curriculum, concerning actively working towards equality of opportunity between sexes.

Empati är att kunna uppleva och förstå andra människors känslor. Tre studier gjordes för att undersöka socialsekreterares empati för sina klienter och hur de upplever sin professionella och genuina empati. Två studier var kvantitativa och en var en mixed design. Deltagarna var 26 socialsekreterare och 57 socionomstudenter. Studie 1 och 2 visade att socialsekreterare och studenter på socionomprogrammet hade mer empati för en sympatisk person än för en osympatisk.

The content of this essay is the critical treatment of ritual research in Uppåkra during the Iron Age in relation to Charlotte Fabechs research.From what has been concluded for Uppåkra a condensed chart of Uppåkra's rituals is produced. This chart is compared with what Fabech has put forward for Southern Scandinavia. Fabech's categories and theory have been widely used by the researchers of Uppåkra, and this is critically examined.The most important conclusion is that the similarities between the Uppåkra research and Fabech picture are not great. This source critical point indicates that the massive use of her research in order to explain the rituals in Uppåkra can have been misdirected. The mismatch is mainly due to the fact that places like Uppåkra is of extraordinary character..

Many tropical rain forests has been lost or degraded as a result of human activities and environmental factors. Since the level of biodiversity is high in the tropics, maintaining these areas is of great importance. Forests like these are often assumed to benefit from forest restoration and rehabilitation. The INIKEA project area in Eastern Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, aims to improve biodiversity and/or species richness in the degraded forest through enrichment planting with indigenous species. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate how different treatments (liberation, gap-cluster planting and line planting) affect the biodiversity of natural regeneration in different forest types in the Rain forest Restoration Experiment, located in the INIKEA project area.

Audiological rehabilitation is a complex process and can involve medical, educational, psychological, social and technical proceedings. The audiologist's part in this process is essential. The purpose of the study was twofold: to describe the audiologist's working process and to explore patient records written by audiologists according to structure, content and comprehensiveness. Method. Out of rules and regulations, code of ethics and literature concerning audiological rehabilitation from the audiologist's point of view, a model for the audiologist's working process was developed.

Behandling eller terapi ihop med hund kan hjälpa barnet att utveckla och förbättra dess finmotoriska färdigheter. Hunden kan även medverka och underlätta vid utbildning och dessutom öka barnet fysiska, mentala och emotionella status. En hunds utryck av sympati och omtanke kan vara första gången barnet upplever att de blir hörda och känner sig viktiga och på så sätt ger dem tröst. Syftet med denna studie var att skapa en översikt över den vetenskapliga grund som finns för AAT med hund inom fysioterapeutisk behandling av barn inom habilitering och rehabilitering. Studien är en litteraturöversikt.

Environmental destruction is a growing problem in our world. Almost every day there are new reports concerning that we have to do something about the greenhouse gasses. Simultaneously is the human constantly more eager to have a life with higher standards and therefore uses more energy. The environment is a question that is highly up-to-date and more people try to find solutions on how to save our planet. One way to decrease the energy demand is to build passive houses, where the houses don?t have any active heating.

AbstractAim of the study: Aim of the study was to investigate whether there were any connections in time between different parts of care in patients with cardiac arrest and hypothermia treatment and cognitive and physical function six months after cardiac arrest and to investigate neurological outcome related to primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm after six months and if there were any changes in cognitive and physical functions as well as self-related health between discharge from hospital and six months after cardiac arrest.Method: The study included 39 patients admitted to three Swedish hospitals between 2008-2011. Cognitive and physical function was evaluated with Cerebral Performance Cathegory, CPC completed with Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE for cognitive function and Bartels Index, BI for physical function and Euroqol-VAS for evaluating the self-related health.Result:  A significant connection was shown between time to start hypothermia treatment and BI, patients with longer time showed improved physical function after six months.Majority of the participants (66,7 %) had Ventricular fibrillation/Ventricular tachycardia, VF /VT, as primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm and in this group CPC and BI was significant better compared with the asystole /Pulsless Electrical Aktivity, PEA group.CPC, MMSE, BI and Euroqol-VAS were all improved over time.Conclusion: Participants with VF /VT as primary registered cardias arrest rhythm had significant better cognitive and physical function 6 months after hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest compared with participants with asystole/PEA as primary registered rhythm. This shows the importance of access to defibrillators in public places in the society and in hospitals and optimal education of lay people and medical staff. Cognitive and physical function and self-rated health improves over time, which might be a very important reason to convey patients, relatives and medical staff to continue cognitive and physical rehabilitation. Keywords: Cardiac arrest, hypothermia, cognitive and physical function, wellbeeing.