AbstractObjectivePatients with Parkinson?s disease often have symptoms of dysphagia. These swallowingproblems have consequences for quality of life as well for the physical wellbeing of thepatients. AimThe aim of this study was to describe and correlate Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL)scores, self-assessment of swallowing function using a visual analogue scale and the resultsfrom a fiber endoscopic evaluation of swallowing function in patients who had been selectedfor Deep Brain Stimulation in caudal zona incerta. A secondary aim was to correlate diseaseduration with results from SWAL-QOL and the fiber endoscopic evaluation of swallowingfunction.MethodTen male Parkinson?s patients (age 45-69 yrs, median 61.5 yrs) who were selected for DeepBrain Stimulation completing the Swallowing Quality of life form, as well as rating theirswallowing function using a visual analogue scale and undergoing a fiber endoscopicevaluation of their swallowing function.    ResultsThe median total SWAL-QOL score was 94% while the mean was 91%.

SUMMARYThe riding school horse is the base for the riding school. Riding schools are looking for a suitable horse that meets their demands for exterior, age, education, temperament, price and sustainability. Many different aspects may define the sustainability of the riding school horse; of them is how long life the riding school horse has in riding school activity. Previous studies have shown that the riding schools requirements are 8-12 years life span in the riding school.The purpose of this study was to describe the Swedish riding school horse life span in riding schools and at what age the riding school horses were recruited, disposed and the reasons for disposal. Information about the riding school horse life span in riding schools and reasons for disposal can provide important understanding regarding the importance of health for the riding school horse, riding school economy and profitability in the riding school.

Det är väl belagt att patienter postoperativt och inom intensivvården drabbas av en funktionell sömnbrist i form av störd dygnsrytm, stort antal uppvaknanden och rubbad sömncykel med underskott av djupsömn och REM-sömn. En delförklaring till sömnbristen är de generellt höga ljudnivåerna på intensivvårdsavdelningar. Syftet med föreliggande pilotstudie var att undersöka huruvida öronproppar kunde förbättra den upplevda sömnkvalitén för patienter inom intensivvård och postoperativt. Tjugotvå patienter från två intensivvårdsavdelningar, en hjärtintensivvårdsavdelning och en postoperativ avdelning deltog i studien. I interventions-gruppen sov elva patienter en natt med öronproppar och elva patienter som sov utan öronproppar utgjorde kontrollgrupp.

Practitioners of financial statement analysis are dependent on key ratios in a multiple number of situations, one in particular being equity valuation. A lack of historical benchmarks, and knowledge regarding the time series behaviour of such ratios, has been identified regarding Swedish companies. Therefore, this study sets out to provide such data and knowledge. Companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange are examined over the period 1979-2009 where the sample is divided into nine industry groups. Historical values for eight common key ratios are documented with regards to median, mean, standard deviation and percentiles.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

Att ett barn va?rdas palliativt a?r en sva?r och komplex situation fo?r barnets fo?ra?ldrar. Fo?ra?ldrarna kan ka?nna sig hja?lplo?sa samtidigt som de tar stor del i barnets va?rd. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa fo?ra?ldrars upplevelser av att va?rda sitt barn palliativt.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

I denna uppsats underso?ks habitus pa?verkan pa? vilken slags festival ma?nniskor va?ljer att beso?ka och varfo?r. Med dagens stora utbud av festivaler och det nya festivallandskapet som har va?xt fram de senaste a?ren finns det na?got fo?r alla som a?r intresserade. Syftet a?r att med hja?lp av kvalitativa intervjuer fo?rso?ka definiera vad det a?r som go?r en festival intressant fo?r vissa och helt ointressant fo?r andra och hur detta kan kopplas samman med Bourdieus teori om habitus.

Den o?kande urbaniseringen inneba?r att dagens avloppssystem blir mer invecklande och komplexa. Fo?r Stockholms stad har det under de senaste 20 a?ren uppra?ttats detaljerade datormodeller fo?r delar av avloppssystemet. Fo?r att ge en helhetsbild av situationen har det mellan a?ren 2003 till 2007 skapats en o?vergripande bera?kningsmodell o?ver Stockholms huvudavloppssystem.

The main purpose of this Master Thesis has been to evaluate whether active fund management is profitable on Emerging Markets. The material used to examine this consists of 106 actively managed funds, with varying length during the period 1988-2006 and who uses MSCI Emerging Markets (MSCI EM) as benchmark index. The thesis has been written under the supervision of the Asset Management Department of Länsförsäkringar AB (LFAB) and the Department of Production Economics, Linköping Institute of Technology. Apart from the main purpose, the methodology used is also meant to form a template for in-depth or similar studies, preferably by the assigner of this survey, LFAB.The results shows that the median manager underperforms the MSCI EM throughout the whole period, which leads to the conclusion is that active management on Emerging Markets is not profitable. A grouping of the funds based on tracking error still shows that a majority of the managers in all of the groups underperforms against the benchmark.

Due to political decisions regarding the Swedish school, public and independent schools booth face the need topromote themselves in the quest for new pupils. This study aims to, from a communications perspective, examine how four selected upper secondary schools address their target audience; the pupils?to?be, on their homepages. Additionally, I intend to investigate whether, and if so, how, said addressing can be connected to the different target groups applying to the schools in question.The questions asked in this study regard the way in which the selected schools describe themselves on their homepage; how do they use the textual and visual content to address their audience, and can there be disagreement between the meaning of the text and that of the image? To answer these questions, I use a theoretical base made out of visual communication and semiotic as well as rhetorical analyses.The methodological procedure is a qualitative approach on the matter, allowing me to understand the ?what? of the content on the homepages, as well as the ?how? it?s being communicated.

Forss, E & Westrin, M. Mo?tet med do?den. Hur sjuksko?terskor upplever na?r den yngre palliativa patienten tar upp samtalet om do?den ? en empirisk studie.

Gällande riktlinjer för preoperativ fasta beskriver att patienter med liten risk för aspiration kan inta fast föda fram till sex timmar och klara drycker fram till två timmar före start av anestesi. Studier har visat att många patienter fastar längre, vilket kan ha negativ inverkan både fysiologiskt och på välbefinnandet som till exempel dehydrering, törst, illamående, huvudvärk och nedsatt insulinkänslighet. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga och beskriva preoperativa fastetider, dryckintag samt förekomst av törst hos patienter planerade för elektiv kirurgi. Strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes under fem dagar med 50 patienter som rekryterades konsekutivt på två preoperativa avdelningar. Resultaten visade att majoriteten av patienterna instruerats att inta klara drycker fram till två timmar före start av anestesi.

Stress är idag ett välanvänt begrepp som existerar i många personers vardag och kan ilångvariga tillstånd ge negativa efterverkningar. Forskning kring området stress ochätbeteende har visat på spridda resultat men majoriteten visar dock på liten till stor förändringav ätbeteendet. Studien syftade till att undersöka skillnader i ätbeteende, vid låg respektivehög upplevd stressnivå hos män (24-65 år). Genom ett bekvämlighetsurval skickades enwebbenkät bestående av Perceived Stress Scale samt frågor som belyser ätbeteende ut till engrupp män (n=119). Svarsfrekvensen uppgick till 61 % (n=72).

Electroretinography is an examination method where the function of the retina is objectively assessed. In 2002 the European College of Veterinary Ophthalmology (ECVO) published a proposition to a standard on how to perform ERG examinations, to facilitate comparison of results and to make it possible to repeat examinations. The purpose of this study was to validate parts of the canine ERG protocol suggested by the ECVO. Our principal aim was to study if there is any interference at the recommended stimulus intervals for dark-adapted rod- and combined rod-/cone responses. The results show that there is an effect on the a- and b-wave amplitudes when different stimulus intervals are employed. When all examined intervals are pooled, there is an increase in the median b-wave to each consecutive dim, white (rod) stimulus in a series of four.