A piezoelectric injector was modeled, in this Master Thesis Project which was carried out at Scania CV AB in Södertälje, in GT-Fuel. GT-Fuel is simulation program from Gamma Technology.The simulation model for the piezo injector was divided into a hydro-mechanical system and an electrical system (Piezoelectric element). First the hydro-mechanic model was duplicated from Advance Continuous Simulation Language model (ACSL). The simulation results were then compared to the ACSL, to verify that the hydro-mechanical system was modeled correctly. The simulation results for the electrical model were also compared with a Simulink model.

The cause of fibromyalgia has long been unknown but recent studies has shown that disturbance in the central pain modulation may be the cause. The aim of the study was to examine what kind of physiotherapy and close related treatment methods in the treatment of fibromyalgia there are and to determine their evidence. Articles were obtained by searching through the databases PubMed, Academic Search, AMED/Webspirs, CINAHL/webspirs and PEDro for articles published from 1994 and ten years forward. The study was based on thirty articles that met the criteria for inclusion. To assess the quality of the clinical studies the SBU?s evaluation model was used.

The object of this study has been to establish how language is used to present and establish a person?s identity. The studied language usage is that of renowned author Selma Lagerlöf and the language studied is that of her personal correspondence. This language picture is placed alongside the public depiction of her and a comparison of sorts is made. The chosen method has been to study Lagerlöf?sprivate correspondence and to compare her language markers in those to the literature history?s picture of her.

AbstractBackground: Plantar fasciitis is the most common heel injury and is a long-term pain syndrom in the attachment of the plantar fascia to the calcaneus bone. The condition is treated mainly in primary care, but there is currently no treatment guideline for the treatment of plantar fasciitis in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate which treatment that occurred in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, which treatments that were most common alone and in combination with each other. The aim was also to investigate if the four most commonly used treatment methods as physical therapists said they had used were supported in the literature, and if there was any difference between county employees and private physical therapists in the choice of treatment method.Method: 100 physiotherapists in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, received a questionnaire by mail. 80 of the 100 physiotherapists were county employees and 20 were private employees.

Denna rapport sammanfattar resultat av ett examensarbete på en högskoleingenjörsutbildning som utfördes av två studenter på Malmö högskola. Arbetets syfte var att genomföra en mängd olika experiment med accelerometer, barometer och GPS i en modern smarttelefon. Ett antal scenarier för en tänkbar sensoranvändning i applikationer formulerades för att vägleda olika experiment. Experimentdata dokumenterades noggrant och analyserades med avsikten att skapa en databank med information för framtida studier. Analys av data inkluderar höjdbestämning i naturen och i byggnader med hjälp av barometersensor, geografisk position med hjälp av GPS, hastighet och acceleration under en hissfärd med hjälp av accelerometer. Rapporten innehåller en omfattande litteraturstudie om användning av sensorer vid inomhuspositionering. Från analys av mätdata, kom vi fram till slutsatsen att är möjligt att beräkna höjden från barometerdata med bra noggrannhet under optimala omständigheter. GPS höjden från mätningarna har stor felmarginal jämfört med den verkliga höjden samt när den jämförs med den beräknade höjden från barometern. Genom att utföra en numerisk integration på accelerometer-data kom vi fram till att det är möjligt att beräkna ungefär hur långt man har färdats med en hiss, dock att vissa detaljer måste tas i beaktning..

In today's producing companies, there is a high demand on early integrated productdevelopment. One way to facilitate communication between departments and collaborationbetween people and thereby enable early sharing of product information within the companyis to use PLM, Product Lifecycle Management.The CAD environment at Scania is at the moment being upgraded from Catia v4 to Catiav5. In this stage it is important that also the interacting computer systems in Scania?s PLMenvironment are adjusted and in the future join the development. Scania has an idea of howthese systems will be developed as the transition from Catia v4 to Catia v5 is being carriedout.

Projektet bestod i att utveckla en anläggning för personsanering av biologiska-, kemiska- och nukleära stridsmedel, en så kallad NBCanläggning. Arbetet har initierats av Marinens Sjösäkerhetsskola i Karlskrona. Under arbetets gång har Fredy Olssons produktutvecklingsmodell tillämpats. Projektets tyngdpunkt har legat i att söka komponentalternativ för de önskade ändamålen och för att uppfylla kraven. Anläggningen är långt ifrån produktionsklar, men ett omfattande grundarbete har gjorts inför ytterligare bearbetning och komplettering med beräkningar samt vissa komponentval..

Traditional financial management has lately been criticized, since it gives inadequate and unilateral information for decisions and strategy of the operation. The purpose of this essay is to investigate if a balanced scorecard is able to work together with a budget and become a stronger control system for the management. Essential theory underlies the gathering of data as well as the analysis, and the empirical investigation is based on personal interviews. The conclusions drawn from my analysis are that two parallel control systems could complement each other?s weaknesses.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of replacing data from highspeed filming (Qualisys motion capture) with data from Inertial Measurement Units (X-io technologies), when used to run a model of torso and pelvis in OpenSim. Qualisys motion capture data is used as the golden standard to validate the result visually and with Bland-Altman plots.In order to obtain comparable data experiments are conducted where both methods of collecting data are used simultaneously. Data from the IMU's then need to be processed in Matlab before it can be used to run the OpenSim modell. Several Matlab programs rotate the IMU data to a static reference frame, filter and integrate it, then create viritual markers that correspond to Qualisys' optical markers.The conclusion is that using IMU as a method for collecting data can replace Qualisys in some applications, but not in ones that require high precision. However, this paper only begins the examination of IMU's and there are most likely improvements to be made..

Since prehistoric time man has used wood to build their environment. The material?s availabilitycombined with its good mechanical properties has often made it the material of choice. Like allmaterials exposed to natures degradative processes the properties of wood decreases over time.Rot, UV radiation and attacks by insects and pests damage wood if not protected. Since we wantwhat we build to consist, optimizing our building materials durability is of great interest.Techniques and methods for increasing the endurance of wood have been developed in severaldifferent places and for a long time.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of being a homosexual immigrant in the Swedish society. Our questions were how the interviewed homosexual immigrants experience being treated by the people in their surroundings and how they are influenced by their attitudes. We also wanted to know what kind of thoughts they have about affiliation considering origin and sexuality, and what positive and negative aspects they experience from the combination of being both homosexual and immigrants.To get the answers to these questions we used a qualitative method and interviewed seven homosexual immigrants between the ages of 25 and 40 years. We then compared our material with earlier studies of the living situation of homosexual immigrants in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. We also linked our findings to Goffman's stigma theory and to heteronormativity.The main result was that the combination of homosexuality and immigrantness can result in various difficulties.

The process of drug discovery is very slow and expensive. There is a need for reliable in silico methods; however the performance of these methods differs.This work presents a targeted study on how the drug discovery methods used in OpenEye?s tools ROCS, EON and FRED perform on targets with small ligands. It was examined if 12 compounds (markers) somewhat similar to AMP could be detected by ROCS in a random data set comprised of 1000 compounds. It was also examined if EON could find any electrostatic similarities between the queries and the markers.

The aim of the study is to investigate how a teacher uses multimodal resources with an interactive whiteboard while teaching reading and writing. The aim is also to investigate what view the teacher has on using an interactive whiteboard while teaching reading and writing. Video-recorded observations and audio-recorded interviews are the methods used to collect data. The analysis was performed from a multimodal perspective and is also inspired by interaction analysis. The result of the analysis showed that the teacher uses several multimodal sign systems in combination with those found on the interactive whiteboard.

Syftet med denna studie är att utreda begreppen big data och analytics. Utifrån vetenskapliga teorier om begreppen undersöks hur konsultföretag uppfattar och använder sig av big data och analytics. För att skapa en nyanserad bild har även en organisation inom vården undersökts för att få kunskap om hur de kan dra nytta av big data och analytics. Ett antal viktiga svårigheter och framgångsfaktorer kopplade till båda begreppen presenteras. De svårigheterna kopplas sedan ihop med en framgångsfaktor som anses kunna bidra till att lösa det problemet.

The thesis is about integration in the city and how integration can be improved through physical planning. Segregation can result in changing peoples? prerequisites in our society. Opportunities in life become dependent on what area of the city you live in or where you grew up. Integration denotes acceptance for all people, while different cultural and ethnic identities are preserved at the same conditions for everyone.