The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the variation in the maximal discrimination of the interaction between cognate and a non-cognate codon and anti-codon (also called the d-value). The variation was analyzed with a multiple regression model with the d-value as the dependent variable and with the codon position and the different mRNA and tRNA bases as independent variables. The result of the analysis not only confirmed earlier studies that the maximal accuracy was highest in the second codon position and lowest in the third codon position but we also found significant relationships and interaction effects..

The purpose of the present study was to explore if blood lactate levels are increased in bitches with pyometra, and if the lactate measurement could be used as a prognostic indicator and to determine outcome. The present study included 16 bitches with pyometra that were admitted to the University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. For comparison, a control group consisting of 14 healthy staffowned bitches was also evaluated. In all bitches, a physical examination was performed and blood samples for analysis of haematological and biochemical parameters were obtained. In all bitches with pyometra, surgical ovariohysterectomy was performed and a uterine sample for bacteriological culture and identification was collected.

The purpose with this essay is to illustrate what divides and unites three educationalists approach on ?children in need of special support? within the first years of school. Three educationalists with significant positions within the school system have been chosen for interviews. On basis of the results of the interviews three themes has been selected and divided into the conceptions; ?children in need of special support?, ?resource? and ?a school for everyone?.

Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om rätten till eutanasi och läkarassisterade självmord. Den svenska lagstiftningen och praxisen på området har jämförts med den holländska motsvarigheten, då Holland 2001 blev det första landet i världen som legaliserade eutanasi och läkarassisterade självmord.Frågan om rätten till självvalt livsavslut är ingenting nytt men ändock är frågan kontroversiell och ger upphov till fler frågor än den kan ge svar på. Frågorna som skall besvaras i den här uppsatsen lyder:Vilka likheter respektive skillnader finns mellan den svenska rättsliga hållningen avseende eutanasi och den holländska Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide (Review Procedures) Act (2001)? Vilka filosofiska spörsmål och konsekvenser bör man ta ställning till innan en legalisering sker och hur skulle en svensk lagstiftning kunna utformas?I Sverige är det inte olagligt att begå självmord eftersom det är ett angrepp mot den egna rättssfären. Således är det inte heller olagligt att hjälpa någon att ta sitt eget liv.

Pollinering är avgörande för ett antal kommersiella grödor samt för olika växtarter i inhemsk vegetation. Honungsbi (Apis mellifera) är en av de viktigaste pollinerarna. I regionen Taranaki i Nya Zeeland finns två aspekter av kommersiell pollinering, dels betalar många biodlare för tillgång till manuka för de antibakteriella egenskaperna honungen får av den, dels betalar frukt- och grönsaksodlare för pollinering av sina grödor. Markägare kan ha ett intresse av att spara manuka på sina marker och få en utkomst från biodlarna genom att dessa betalar för åtkomsten. Studien syftar till att klarlägga de effekter som kommersiell pollinering har i Taranaki-regionen idag och för framtida användning och har utgått från intervjuer med biodlare, frukt- och grönsaksodlare och personer som representerar myndigheterna.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Effects of isoflavone supplementation from soybeans on LDL-cholesterol levels in adultAuthors: Malin Blomgren Alegria and Ruut ReivaaraSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-08Background: One of the most common causes of death in Sweden is due to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In Asia, hypercholesterolemia is less common than in the Western countries. In Asian countries, soy products are consumed in larger quantities than in the Western world, which has led to implemented research with the intention of examining soy's potential effect on cholesterol levels.Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence that isoflavone supplementation from soy bean may have a lowering effect on LDL-cholesterol.Search strategy: The databases used for the systematic literature search were PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Keywords used were cholesterol and 9 versions of this, and isoflavones and 11 versions of that.Selection criteria: RCT articles, on humans, written in English, published from 2011 onwards, that focused on interventions with isoflavones from soybeans and its effect on blood cholesterol, the participants were over 18 years old and the study time was at least 24 weeks.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionABSTRACTTitle: The connection between IBS and FODMAPsAuthor: Helena Hautamäki and Rebecka BertilssonSupervisor: Sofia KlingbergExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-10Background: IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, and is acommon disorder in the western population. The predominant symptoms are diarrhoea,abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and excessive flatus. Today there are no evidence basedrecommendations concerning dietary factors for patients diagnosed with IBS, but recently certainfactors in the diet that seems to trigger the symptoms have been identified. These factors areshort-chain carbohydrates, Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, andPolyols (FODMAPS), which are not completely absorbed in the lumen.Objective: The purpose of this systematic review article is to examine whether there are anyevidence that a diet low in FODMAPs may induce improvement of symptoms in patientsdiagnosed with IBS.Search strategy: The literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Scopus,Summon and Google Scholar. The keywords were ?Irritable bowel syndrome + FODMAPs?,?Irritable bowel syndrome + diet? and ?FODMAP and diet?.Selection criteria: The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with IBS between the ages 18and 69.

Globalisering har möjliggjort för svenska företag att expandera utomlands och etablera sig påinternationella marknader. Det största hindret för små- och medelstora företag (SMFs) i ainternationaliseringsprocess är avsaknad av finansiella medel och kunskap om den nyamarknaden. På grund av detta är användandet av en utlandsbaserad agent ett bra alternativ. Enagent har en god lokal marknadskunskap och representerar en etableringsform som är mindrekostsam i jämförelse med etableringen av ett dotterbolag. Med hänsyn till detta äranvändandet av en agent ett vanligt tillvägagångssätt bland internationaliserande SMFs.Samtidigt drivs företaget och dess agent av olika mål på grund av skillnader i egenintresse.Trots att en agent är anlitad i syfte att arbeta i enighet med företagets ambitioner, kan denneha ett egenintresse som kolliderar med företaget.

The purpose of the study was to find out whether the interaction between mentally disabled individuals and pet positively affects the individual and gives a feeling of well-being to the extent that this might be implicated in the psychologically disabled people?s everyday life in some form of rehabilitation measure. The study is qualitative and builds on an ethnographic design. Data collection was performed through six observations, six interviews and reflections. Interviews were also conducted with relatives and assistants for greater opportunity for follow-up questions, and descriptions of the situation.

This study examines if the prediction of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients can be improved upon when renal function and microalbuminuria are added to the classical risk factors The predictive capability of a model is measured by discrimination, calibration, reclassification and Harrell's C.The results are ambigious. In most cases, microalbuminuria should be included in the model, but the results regarding the other measures of renal function are varied. Therefore, the selection of risk factors to include in the model depends on which measure of prediction one prioritizes..

Fokus i studien ligger på terapeuters val av metod och synen på hästen som terapeutiskt resurs. Detta görs genom kvalitativ deskriptiv ansats. Terapeuterna intervjuas genom semistrukturerad intervjuguide med öppna frågor. Arthurs teori om vilka typer av terapeuter som, utifrån personlighet och epistemologiska uppfattningar, är disponerade till en viss typ av terapeutisk inriktning, användes för att försöka förklara varför de terapeuter som arbetar med HUT, väljer den metoden. Resultatet visar att terapeuternas val av HUT metod inte kunde förklaras genom Arthur's teori.

This qualitative study examines news values in local journalism. The study is based on the results of five personal interviews with journalists and editors at the newspaper Nerikes Allehanda. The purpose of this paper is to examine how news values is made in the editorial process. The essay also intends to compare possible differences and similarities between news for web and printed news, the focus will consistently be locally.This will be explored through qualitative interviews with local journalists and editors. All working for the newspaper Nerikes Allehanda in Örebro..

Visualization is a rapidly growing area of computer graphics. Due to the very progressive development of computer technology and especially 3D-graphic boards yesterdays imagination of visualizations, today is a reality. At Saab Bofors Dynamics in Linköping missile systems are developed. Through the development, different subsystems are simulated before the manufacturing starts. The results of these simulations have to be visualized to get a meaning.

AbstractThis research is about how some swedish teachers in high school choose literature in schools. The purpose is to underline the reasons for how some teachers think about selection, canon, classic and contemporary literature. Two survey methods were used to find the answers, wich consisted of interviews and questionnaires. The letter methods was used to obtain informations about student´s views on literature.Previous research shows that there are different opinions in what kind of literature the pupils should read in school. The results of literature, questionnaires and interviews also showed that the underlying reasons for the choice of literature, varied among those interviewed further forward ofthe students also prefer to read books during lessons, and that they prefer reading books by popular contemporary writers..

This essay presents a business plan for the idea of a Pet Shop in Stockholm. The initial purpose of the essay was to investigate weather the company would be financially profitable or not. During the process we encountered problems and pitfalls that we felt contributed to the fact that our business idea is yet not realized. Therefore the second purpose of describing the process that an entrepreneur goes through when starting a new business came about. Besides the business plan for Pet Shop we present a selection of the theories that we found relevant for our situation, among others behaviour of entrepreneurial teams, network theory and execution.