Vare sig det gäller livets små beslut som vilket pålägg man ska ha på sin frukostsmörgås eller de betydligt större som huruvida man vill flytta ut på landet och satsa på en karriär som författare eller inte så lever nog de flesta vanliga människorna i föreställningen av att valet är upp till personen själv. Jag tror faktiskt inte att jag går för långt om jag säger att för varje handling som vi på förhand planerar så är känslan av att vi också kan agera annorlunda ofrånkomlig. Tron på att vi själva ansvarar för vilka vi är och vad vi gör med våra liv är helt enkelt en central del av mångas självbild. Detta till trots, eller måhända just på grund av detta, tillhör frågan om den fria viljans varande eller icke varande kanske en av de absolut äldsta obesvarade frågorna i mänsklighetens historia. Så gott som varje filosof från Sokrates och framåt har haft en åsikt i frågan.

This master thesis reviews advances in detection and diagnosis of static friction (stiction) in control valves. Control valves suffering from stiction results in oscillating control loops which in turn decreases both the process stability and reliability. Perstorp AB sees a necessity to automatically detect stiction in valves before the effects of the malfunctioning valves have become too severe. This thesis presents an introduction to maintenance, control loops and how stiction in valves can affect performance of control loops.A selection of methods presented in the literature are introduced and examined using normal operating data from the site in Perstorp. Common for all selected methods is their intuitive ideas and that they are based on normal operating data and minimum amount of process knowledge.

This essay is a comparative analysis with focus on Jean-Paul Sartre´s existentialism and Ferdinand Alquié´s cartesianism. They both represented the French philosophy of conscience in the early and mid 1900s. Because of that, they had similar ideas concerning the human conscience and freedom of the mind. But how did they come to those conclusions? And in which cases did they differ from one and other?.

The aim of this paper is to examine whether the theory of cosmopolitan democracy provides a satisfactory solution to the boundary problem in democratic theory. I argue that David Held's version of cosmopolitan democracy rests on two incompatibleprinciples: the all-affected principle and the all-inclusive principle. However, the theory does not need to presuppose both these principles; it requires only one of them.Furthermore, I try to show that both of these principles fail to provide an adequate solution to the boundary problem. The all-inclusive principle suggests that all citizens of the world should be included in a global democratic unit. I argue that such an ideal is not desirable since it conflicts with the principle of subsidiarity and withdraws from regional political communities their sovereignty.

This paper thoroughly investigates needs and requirements for overhead distribution feeder inspection and develops models to investigate possible relations between short term inspections remarks and outages. The study was conducted in collaboration with Fortum Distribution AB that supplied extensive information about their overhead power feeders concerning both inspection and power outages. The investigated models where lognormal linear model, Poisson generalized linear model and negative binomial generalized linear model. All models were implemented utilizing offset terms to compensate for differences in feeder length and amount of overhead versus underground feeders. The Poisson generalized linear model was rejected at an early stage due to overdispersion and neither of the remaining models fit the data perfectly.

In forestry there are always needs of forest data to make good strategic decisions of different actions and economic winning. Usually this data gets from field-estimations made by forest workers with expensive costs and sometimes unsatisfied quality. StoraEnso Skog is a great forest company in Sweden and they have part of the responsibility of the forest own by Bergvik Skog. Bergvik Skog is owner of 1, 9 million hectares productive forest land. Both Bergvik and StoraEnso have great interest in new inventory techniques to get the important forest data. The company Foran Remote Sensing offers the opportunity with airborne laserscanning of forest and forest land. Foran got the mission of Bergvik and StoraEnso to laser scan Bergviks possession in Älvdalen, Dalarna.

Amie L. Thomasson kritiserar i Foundations for a social ontology1 John R. Searles teori om hur vår sociala verklighet är uppbyggd och konstruerad2. Thomasson argumenterar för att Searles teori är för snäv för att kunna fånga hela vidden av vår sociala tillvaro. För att visa att Searle inte har täckning för sitt anspråk att teorin är fullödig inriktar Thomasson sin kritik i huvudsak på två av Searles ståndpunkter: att alla institutionella fakta bottnar i fysiska fakta och att alla institutionella fakta är självrefererande.

The overall purpose of the essay is to initiate a survey and highlight, on the basis of sufficiently material, the dealings between Dietrich Bonhoeffer as a member of the resistance and the Swedish Church and/or its representatives. The purpose of the survey is to structure Dietrich Bonhoeffers activities in Sweden and highlight its implications.The following research questions have been used:1: What was Dietrich Bonhoeffer doing in Sweden and what persons did he meet?2: What was the role of the Swedish Church during the Second World War? 3: What was the impact of Dietrich Bonhoeffers visits to Sweden?In conclusion, this study of the contacts between Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the Swedish Church has shown: Dietrich Bonhoeffer was in Sweden on two occasions. He met representatives of the Swedish Church, which was engaged in issues related to ecumenism, resistance and peacework. Although the persons he met were representatives of the Swedish Church they sometimes acted as individuals with a Christian philosophy.

This essay aims to explore the philosophical meaning of the expression ?present and real? in Clara ? or, On Nature?s Connection to the Spirit World by F. W. J. Schelling.

We would like to gain a more in depth knowledge of whether the modern orientations both within corporate governance and control philosophy lay the foundation for enterprises? more sustainable success. These both modern orientations are increasingly focusing on the importance of enterprises? setting of goals and visions on the basis of stake holders? interests and the employees? more active engagement in and motivation for the goal achievement. Despite these common inherent characteristics, it is not evident from current scientific debate how such integration actually emerges in the control philosophies of the enterprises.

The purpose of this study is to examine what motivates people to help others at risk to themselves. The focus is on international aid workers, which in their work put themselves in situations of risk. Earlier research shows that international aid work involves risks such as infectious diseases, violence, death threats, assaults, constant insecurity and risk to be traumatized etc. There is not much research done on what motivates to help others in spite of risks, hence we find this an interesting area. We have interviewed six respondents about the content and character of their motivation and factors that are important for the maintenance and development of this motivation.

What is the?self? and to become ?one-self?? To resolve this questions possibility I´ve been using the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard metaphysic paradoxes. This essay about the ?self? shows the reader the difference between describing a transcendent and immanent phenomenon and if it´s possible to become or to not become ourselves. The process is a key of the ?self? which Kierkegaard explains the ?self? in and for it-self.

Företaget som studien utförts på upplever ett problem vid hanteringen av underhållsarbete i fabriken. Processerna för felrapportering och beställning av reservdelar är tidskrävande och involverar arbete från flera olika parter. Merparten av allt underhållsarbete som utförs är av oplanerat slag och ett fungerande uppföljningsarbete för att komma till rätta med de pro-duktionsstörningar som äger rum i processen saknas.Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att skapa underlag för att förbättra företagets effektivitet genom att optimera underhållsarbetet med hjälp av förslag till ett underhållssystem och olika tillvägagångssätt för att effektivisera underhållsarbetet.Under arbetets gång har en underhållsloggbok utformats i Excel. Loggboken används till att logga alla underhållsarbeten som inträffar i produktionen. Dessa arbeten ligger till grund för merparten av de beräkningar som utförts under projektet.Beräkningarna syftade till att kartlägga var i processen flest fel inträffar och av vilken karaktär dessa fel är.

In today?s IT world where software is constructed in a rapid pace, testing has become a crucial area to master when testing has to be done at a greater speed. To still be able to handle the demands of high quality software, companies have to spend more resources on testing and introduce test automation. By automating test cases the testers can gain time which they can spend on doing more complex testing and thereby increase the quality of the software.In this thesis we have helped Extenda AB, who delivers systems to retail companies, to introduce test automation in one of their customer specific projects. This has been done using their own in-house ?capture/replay? tool ECP (Extenda Cashier Player).We have also derived a process that explains how Extenda can introduce test automation on other customer projects.

We would like to gain a more in depth knowledge of whether the modern orientations both within corporate governance and control philosophy lay the foundation for enterprises? more sustainable success. These both modern orientations are increasingly focusing on the importance of enterprises? setting of goals and visions on the basis of stake holders? interests and the employees? more active engagement in and motivation for the goal achievement. Despite these common inherent characteristics, it is not evident from current scientific debate how such integration actually emerges in the control philosophies of the enterprises.