Bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus) cause extensive damage to economically valuable spruce trees (Picea abies) in Swedish forests. The underlying causes for bark-stripping are not fully understood, and the frequency and severity of damage unpredictably differ between regions. In this study, I investigated if landscape structure (e.g. agricultural dominated landscape opposed to forest dominated landscape), forage availability, population density and disturbance (e.g. roads and settlements) affect bark-stripping frequency.

This study deals with questions about male and female, power and church, related to the Mariologies of three prominent leaders in the Church of Sweden in the last century: Erling Eidem, Paulina Mariadotter and Cristina Grenholm. The mentioned topics are important for conservative High Church people as well as for radical feminists, and they are therefore necessary to address in the context of discussions about the church´s identity and the search of greater unity.Each Mariology is related to contemporary ideas about the relations between male and female, and to the tradition of the church as the leaders themselves see it. During the years 1920-2010 the relations between the sexes changed a lot as a result of the impact of modernity, which also affected how people perceived the relationship between the individual and the tradition/authorities. The present study concludes that there is a connection between Mariology and contemporary ideas about male and female. However, the Mariologist´s attitude to the tradition of the church seems to decide which perspective is allowed to dominate.

This paper examines pupils? conception of the Swedish schools constitutive values expressed in the Swedish curriculum. The main question was, at to what extent the schools constitutive values have influenced the pupils conception of their own values. That question problematizes the relation between values, constructed and carried by central administration, and their interpretation at local level by pupils. The study was conducted with qualitative analysis which included qualitative interviews with seven pupils in the last year of the Swedish school system.

The aim of this study is to investigate where and why the fitness clubs, Sats and Friskis & Svettis in Stockholms county, choose to locate their facilities in certain places and which their primarily targetgroups are. Furthermore, the aim is to gain knowledge of people?s health status in areas where the facilities are located, in order to see if they are located where exercise is most needed. Interviews were conducted with members of the fitness clubs but also with non members, i.e. people who lived in areas with an absence of fitness facilities.

Bovine milk is an excellent source of bioactive peptides. The bioactive peptides are in an inactive state in the protein and are released during enzymatic activity, e.g. during cheese ripening. Specific properties of bioactive peptides from ripened cheese has been reported, e.g. antihypertensive, antioxidative, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and mineral binding.

Goods that children come in contact with on a daily basis for example toys, electronics, textiles, household items, have attracted an increased attention in recent years because of a common occurrence of residues of potentially hazardous chemical substances. Some municipalities in Stockholm have developed plans for managing chemical risks and work systematically to phase out products containing hazardous substances. This thesis aims to contribute to an improved knowledge base for any future work with non-toxic nursery schools in Haninge. The study's focus is on the challenges encountered by conditions and problems of preschool personnel to manage chemical risks in early childhood environments. Primary data was collected through a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with both the preschool staff and practitioners working in the central organization of the municipality.

Glycerol is essential for the lipid metabolism of both plants and animals. Glycerol is formed in the rumen by hydrolysis of lipids from the feed. Glycerol is also a by-product from the production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil and other fat sources. Glycerol might be used as a dietary glucose precursor for dairy cows in similar ways as propylene glycol. Due to increased production of biodiesel more glycerol has been available to a lower price.

In 1993, Sweden signed the Convention on Biological Diversity and thus agreed to conserve our indigenous biological diversity. As a part of the convention, Sweden is obliged to conserve a number of domestic animal breeds and among them the Linderöd pig. In 1952, the zoo, Skånes Djurpark, took care of a pregnant sow that was regarded to be related to the old "forest pig". The old forest pig was thought to have been extinguished by the early 20th century as a result of the ban on boars not approved by state inspectors. However, according to later accounts, several farmers still kept some of these non-approved pigs.

Transportation represents 10-15 % of wood supply costs. It is therefore important to improve efficiency in the transport system to decrease these costs. The aim of this study is to map the timber vehicle routing processes used by a sample of timber hauling contractors and to identify possible links between the vehicle routing process and service and economic variables. The study was carried out at Södra Skog in autumn 2008. 15 timber hauling contractors were sampled and interviewed about their work with timber transports.

Syftet med vår undersökning var att se huruvida lärare, elever och föräldrar i skolår tre samt i skolår sex anser att skolans matematikundervisning är relaterad till vardagen. Som metod för att få svar på denna fråga använde vi oss av en enkätundersökning som genomfördes av lärare, elever och föräldrar i år tre och sex. Resultatet visar att föräldrarna anser att matematikundervisningen i skolan till stor del kan kopplas till den vardagsrelaterade matematiken medan majoriteten av elever och lärare endast menar att koppling förekommer till viss del..

Ungdomar befinner sig i en identitetsskapande process och lämnar barndomen med intryck, värderingar och vanor som sannolikt kommer att påverka dem även i vuxenlivet. De rör sig simultant mellan olika kulturer så som hemmet, skolan, vännerna, media samt andra fritidsrö-relser. Dessa arenor är alla ? kulturella kommunikatörer? som signalerar mängder av budskap och normer om mat och hälsa. Genom att studera vad ungdomarna själva uppfattar som nor-mer och budskap kan det hjälpa kostundervisare att förhålla sig till dessa.

Bakgrund: Vi äter allt mer kött. Tidigare forskning har visat på samband mellan högt köttintag och bland annat hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar och cancer. Information om skyddsfaktorer som minskar risken för folksjukdom är begränsad. Forskning om hälsa och sjukdom hos kvinnor är begränsad och därför behövs kvinnors hälsa lyftas fram. Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att undersöka huruvida ett högt köttintag kan påverka risken för folksjukdomar hos kvinnor.

Strävan att tappa i vikt för att öka prestationsförmågan har blivit allt mer populärt hos elit- som motionscyklister. Genom att cykla med ett lågt energiintag i syfte att tappa kilon, har pressen ökat på cyklisten och en hög risk för osund viktproblematik växer fram i idrotten. Ofta skapar de sig en så hög kontroll och perfektionism inom de faktorer som har påverkan på deras prestationsförmåga att det istället kan leda till psykologiska svårigheter. En medveten livsstil leder till motsatt effekt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka en grupp damcyklisters energi- och vätskeintag under perioden då de inte tävlar.

The objective of this study was to investigate the attitude towards African swine fever (ASF) primarily among smallholder pig farmers but also among other actors along the pork value chain in Gulu district, Uganda. More specifically, the study aimed to investigate the specific challenges facing both farmers and other members of the pork value chain using participatory epidemiology (PE). ASF is a feared viral disease of pigs associated with high mortality, which is endemic in many parts of Africa. The recent history of Gulu district in Northern Uganda can be described as turbulent and the human population has suffered during decades of war and civil unrest. Pig keeping is considered a potential opportunity for business as well as a way of providing more animal protein in the diet. However, this is threatened by ASF as farmers can lose entire herds due to the disease. This study can confirm some previously known factors and risk activities such as the free range system of pigs and movement of pigs and pork during ongoing outbreaks, which make disease control difficult.

Leverförfettning är ett metaboliskt tillstånd som är starkt förknippat med den negativa energibalans som kon befinner sig i vid tiden omkring kalvning. Leverförfettning kan i svåra fall påverka leverns funktioner negativt, öka risken för sjukdomar, minska mjölkproduktionen samt orsaka reproduktionsstörningar. Vid negativ energibalans mobiliseras fettsyror från kons fettvävnad för att täcka upp obalansen mellan energinta g och energiförbrukning. Fettsyrorna transporteras till levern där de oxideras. Om leverns kapacitet för oxidation av fettsyror överskrids förestras fettsyrorna och triglycerider återbildas som sedan kan transporteras ut från levern som very low density-lipoproteins (VLDL).