Saproxylic lichens in managed forests have less substrate available than in unmanaged forests due to the shortage of dead wood. However, a suitable substrate for these lichens could be dead branches on living trees. To this date, there has not been any systematically collected data about theabundance of dead branches on living trees and the lichens growing on these branches in managed forests. The aim of this study was to see where dead branches were located on living trees of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies, how large the surface area of these branches was and what lichens grewof wood on these branches. The study was made in Finspång, Sweden, where 11 forest stands of P.sylvestris and P.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ I är en autoimmun sjukdom som innebär att bukspottkörtelns insulinproducerande celler är skadade. Det medför att insulinproduktionen upphör, vilket leder till en kronisk hyperglykemi. En hög eller låg glukoshalt i blodet kan resultera i akuta och/eller framtida komplikationer vilket medför en strävan efter god metabol kontroll. Vid diabetes utgör egenvård den största delen av behandlingen. Att ha kunskap om sin sjukdom och dess medicinska behandling, om kost, motion samt att kunna utföra egenkontroller av blodglukos och administrering av insulin är grunden i egenvården och för att uppnå denna kunskap krävs patientutbildning.

Young adults with mild intellectual disability and their thoughts about the own home was investigated and is described in this thesis. A qualitative research method was used, and the respondents thoughts about where and how to live were gathered through interviews. The investigation is based on the theoretical concept of normality, identity and quality of life since these aspects are important components of the individual's positive experiences of their homelife. People with disabilities has rights goverened by law, but in this thesis the individuals subjective experiences, feelings and wishes are described. The importance of the individual2019s rights to make their own decisions, feeling of pericipation and personal security was found to be important factors for a satisfying living environment.

To which extent elderly people at nursing homes have an influence on their daily living is currently debated. Studies have shown that they have limited influence due to restricting routines associated with nursing homes. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine how elderly people experience the ability to influence their daily living at nursing homes and how limited influence is revealed in the daily care. Five elderly people, from four different nursing homes, underwent a structured interview. The outcome of the interviews was analyzed in relation to established theories related to geriatric care.

Bakgrund: Postprandiellt plasmaglukos (PPG) är en oberoende riskfaktor för utveckling av diabetes typ II. Typ och mängd kolhydrat kan vara avgörande för glykemisk kontroll.Syfte: Att undersöka de fem olika koster som beskrivs i Socialstyrelsen vägledning om kost vid diabetes och deras effekt på postprandiellt blodsockersvar, hos en grupp individer med nedsatt insulinkänslighet (IGT) och en grupp friska individer.Material och metod: Fyra friska personer med en medelålder på 72 år och medel BMI 24 och tre personer med IGT, medelålder på 75 år och medel BMI 22,9 medverkade i studien. Fem olika måltider från Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer om kost vid diabetes ingick och efterföljande blodprover togs fem gånger under 120 minuter.Resultat: Tydlig skillnad kunde ses mellan de olika grupperna. Även om startvärdena var desamma för båda så blev variationen stor efter intagna måltider med högre topp- och slutvärden för gruppen IGT, vilket också resulterade i en större Area under kurvan (AUC). Uppmätta toppvärden kom också senare hos denna grupp.

Abstract Chronic heart failure is a common disease in elderly, and is the most common reason for hospitalization in patients over 65 years of age. Research on the elderly and heart failure often focus on treatment strategies, less research is available on patients' own experiences of living with chronic heart failure. The purpose of this interview study, was to gain more knowledge about patients´ own experiences of living with chronic heart failure. Nine patients were interviewed and the text was transcribed verbatim and it was then analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutical method. From the analysis, three main themes emerged.

This is a qualitative study with a hermeneutic and partially inductive approach. The study?s purpose is to enhance the understanding of young adults experiences of unemployment and the importance of being employed. In this study, eight young adults participate in the project Framtid Kronoberg. The youths are 19-25 years of age.

The purpose of this bachelor's thesis in social work has been to examine whether society's perception of poverty and poor people has changed over the more than 160 years have passed since the first national Poor regulation was enacted in Sweden. With a social constructionist approach and inspired by the critical discourse analysis we have conducted two studies to find answers to what differences and similarities between the concepts of scanty care (1847) and standards of living (2002). A study based on previous research was conducted to examine how society's perception of poverty has changed and designed in a historical perspective. We also conducted a textual analysis of relevant legal texts and legislative history to show how these texts reflect the society's official view of poverty based interventions targeted to poor people.The two sub-studies show that the concepts at different times in history has been crucial for the community support poor people were entitled to. Our overall conclusion is that despite today's advanced social policy there are many obvious similarities between the concepts of scanty care and standards of living.

Självskadebeteende är ett stort hälsoproblem i Sverige och resten av världen, framförallt bland unga kvinnor (Socialstyrelsen, 2004a). Studier (Gollust, Eisenberg & Golberstein, 2008;Bjärehed & Lundh, 2008; Lloyd-Richardson, Perrine, Dierker & Kelley, 2007) visar att flickor och unga kvinnor aktivt skadar sig själva men att få av de drabbade söker vård för sina besvär. Patienter som skadar sig själva upplever att vårdpersonal har svårt att förstå deras situation (Craigen & Foster, 2009) samtidigt som vårdpersonal känner sig negativt inställda till att vårda patienter med självskadebeteende (Friedman et al. 2006). Det finns en frustration i vården bland både personal och patienter men endast lite evidensbaserad forskning kring området.

Typ 2-diabetes är ett stort och växande folkhälsoproblem i västvärlden. Om sjukdomen inte behandlas kommer den att på sikt orsaka organskador och sämre livskvalité för patienterna. Målet för behandlingen av diabetes är att bibehålla livskvalité och att förhindra komplikationer, både på kort och lång sikt. Sjukdomen behandlas med livsstilsförändringar och perorala läkemedel och i vissa fall också med tillägg av insulin. För att uppnå målet är det viktigt att patienten förses med kunskap och trygghet om sin situation och sin sjukdom.

Typ 2-diabetes är ett stort och växande folkhälsoproblem i västvärlden. Om sjukdomen inte behandlas kommer den att på sikt orsaka organskador och sämre livskvalité för patienterna. Målet för behandlingen av diabetes är att bibehålla livskvalité och att förhindra komplikationer, både på kort och lång sikt. Sjukdomen behandlas med livsstilsförändringar och perorala läkemedel och i vissa fall också med tillägg av insulin. För att uppnå målet är det viktigt att patienten förses med kunskap och trygghet om sin situation och sin sjukdom.

The key purpose of this research has been to study and understand how young people with Syriac ethnicity experience their identity, when living in two different cultures. The Syriac minority is something of a special case when it concerns establishing the identity of an individual, since syriac´s do not have an official country.To be able to do this research an interview has been done with four young students with syriac ethnicity. The four of them is attending their final year at ?gymnasiet? in Sweden which is equivalent to USA?s senior year in high school.The multicultural school is today a fact and many immigrants attending the Swedish schools today feels misplaced when they meet the Swedish culture through fellow students and society. A clash between cultures occurs and most of the students, with non-Swedish ethnicity, live some kind of dual life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the care providers' experiences in enabling communionship and solitude in daily living for elderly living in old age homes in a South African context. Method: This study was done using a qualitative analysing method, with empirical data obtained from nursing staff of elderly. The study was phenomenological which aims at deepen the understanding of human experiences as phenomenon. The data was collected by using a groupinterview which included five informants from an old age home in Pretoria. The analysis included two steps; Naive reading and structural analysis in order to transform the individual elucidations into an abstract which had no individual touch.

Today?s forest managers implement a large number of methods to increase the amount of dead wood in Swedish forests. They use everything from high cutting of trees to girdling trees and burning forests. However, implementation of these measures without proper knowledge of their consequences is a common problem. This study has been performed to increase knowledge about two of these measures, girdling and high cutting, and how these actions affect the number of wood-living insects living on dead trees.

One of the bigger national diseases that belongs to the field of rheumatology is rheumatoid arthritis and it is three to four times more usual among women. The purpose of this study was to describe female patients' experience of living with rheumatoid arthritis. The method, was a review of the literature with eight articles accomplished the criteria for scientific quality done in the accordance to Polit, Beck & Hungler (2001) and are the bases to the conclusions of this study. The result shows five main themes and ten sub themes that illuminate the female patient's experience of living with rheumatoid arthritis. The main themes are: a) the pain, b) the development, c) the relation, d) the well-being and e) the future.