This study deals with some contested issues regarding prehistoric cultural development in Amazonia and the colonial impact on the native inhabitants of the area. It focuses on the relation between groups belonging the language families of Tupí and Gê, on one hand, and the different ecological zones that they inhabit, on the other. GIS mapping is used to visualise the distribution and movements of these groups in relation to ecology and the impact of European colonization. GIS is shown to be a useful methodology for analysing historical data derived from written sources and maps. The results of these analyses are discussed in the light of different theoretical perspectives.

This essay discusses the issue of the role of women and also whether they could obtain a strong social position during the Viking Age. Moreover, it does discuss the question of how frequent women were present in Viking Age scriptures, art and archaeological artefacts in comparison to our view of women and her position in the modern society. The archaeological material used is in majority that found in Birka, such as burial and habitational findings. These objects, as well as other comparable and similar findings from other places, when put together with written sources, show that women had different roles in the society. She was able to have a strong social role during the Viking Age not only becauseof the status her family had but also because of her own merit depending of her skills and ability.The archaeological findings found in female graves and other findings in the area, suggest a specializing within both textile production and trade for the women.

Since the down of archaeology much of the resurges has focused on graves andgrave materials. This essay is an attempt to interpret a grave material to the society of the living, to investigate what a megalithic grave material can tell us about the society that made them and the people that were buried in them. The study is focused upon two megalithic graves in Löderup; Ramshög and Carlshög. A study of the bone materiel, building construction and building material at Ramshög and Carlshög is done and then compared with different theories that are made of Ramshög and Carlshög and of other megalithic graves. By studying different theories of megalithic graves and comparing these with Ramshög and Carlshög I have tried to evaluate which ones that are relevant in this case.The megalithic graves primarily shows some kind of change, in society or in their way of looking at the dead or the life after this.

This essay is about the burial rites in the passage graves of Falbygden, Västergötland. My questions were: Can the burial ritual be understood by comparing the material culture inside and outside the tombs? What kind of grave offerings did the dead have? Most peculiar are all these beads of amber, what kind of meaning did they have? Was the position of the body a part of the ritual? The time period is the middle Neolithic.I selected four passage graves to investigate: Hjälmars rör (Falköping 3), Rössberga (Valtorp 2), Näs sn 7:2 Kvättak 5:1 and Frälsegården (Gökhem 94).My conclusion was that there are differences between the material culture inside and outside the tombs. Outside the ritual includes fire, inside the material culture are not burned. The material culture outside is more dominant than the finds inside, although the beads of amber are only represented inside and dominates the findings inside.

This essay discusses the width of the late medieval desertion of farms in Sweden from an archaeological perspective. The object of the essay is to investigate if archaeological investigations and research during the last 10-15 years have changed the view of the late medieval desertion in relation to the Scandinavian research project on deserted farms and villages.The essay also deals with questions on causes to the desertion and when desertion occurred. An ambition of the essay is also to give a general picture of archaeological investigations during the last 10-15 years considering the late medieval desertion. The analyses-material consists mainly of reports from archaeological investigations.Most of the investigations analysed in this essay are investigations of single farms. Because of this it is natural these investigations do not say much about the width of the desertion.

Att använda laborativt material ger eleverna möjlighet att uttrycka sina kunskaper på ett annat sätt än i ett traditionellt arbetssätt. Det laborativa materialet är av stor betydelse då eleverna på olika sätt kan uttrycka kunskap med hjälp av materialet. Detta är en aktionsforskningsstudie gjord på två skolor i södra Sverige. Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur elevers förmågor i matematik kan synliggöras för bedömning. Syftet växte fram genom det utvecklingsbehov som identifierades på våra VFU-skolor.

I detta arbete har vi undersökt hur elever beskriver att ett laborativt arbetssätt i matematik påverkar deras lärande. Studien har utförts på ett studieförberedande och ett yrkesförberedande program på gymnasiet i klasser som läser kursen matematik A. Vi har använt oss av en enkätundersökning i båda klasserna och intervjuer med tre elever från respektive klass. Vårt resultat pekar på att det finns ett antal positiva faktorer som eleverna anser påverkar deras lärande vid ett laborativt arbetssätt i matematik. Dessa faktorer är att undervisningen blir rolig och intressant, varierad, verklighetsanknuten och leder till kommunikation mellan elever.

The purpose of this essay ("Gateway to the Past. An archaeological quality controlled subject gateway as a resource for higher education in Lund") is to examine how a quality controlled subject gateway could increase the quality of the information supply for the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History at Lund University. The essay gives a brief background to subject gateways and also describes the Department and its subjects (prehistoric archaeology, medieval archaeology, osteology and classical studies) . The essay consists of a questionnaire distributed to parts of the target group as well as an investigation of three particular subject gateways: NordArk, ARGE and The Labyrinth. The essay also contains an exposition of how archaeologists seek information, of the structure of the archaeological subjects and of classification systems for quality controlled subject gateways.

Vi har under våra VFU-perioder upplevt att begåvade elever i matematik ofta får sitta och arbeta självständigt utan att få någon del av genomgångarna. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärare upplever sin undervisning med elever som är begåvade inom matematik på grundskolans senare år samt begåvade elevers syn på matematikundervisningen de får. Vi har i studien använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer där vi intervjuade tre lärare och fyra elever från två olika skolor i södra Sverige.  För att dessa intervjuer skulle kunna användas som underlag till vårt resultat, transkriberade vi varje intervju från respektive intervjuperson. Resultatet visade att lärarna upplever att de har ont om tid till sina begåvade elever och därför ger dem större egenansvar i sin matematikutveckling.

Att matematik inte är det mest populära ämnet i skolan är ingen nyhet. Flera undersökningar, nationella som internationella, visar på sjunkande attityder till ämnet. Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka grundskoleelevers attityder till matematik, samt om det förekommer skillnader i attityd mellan yngre och äldre elever. För att undersöka detta har enkäter besvarats av 334 elever i årskurs 3-9, det vill säga elever i åldrarna 9-15 år. Undersökningen genomfördes i tre skolor från två olika kommuner i mellersta Sverige.

This paper deals with prehistoric charred organic material, interpreted as bread, found in graves and in the underlying settlement at Kalvshälla, Järfälla parish in Uppland. The aim was to categorize the organic material morphologically and with the help of Fourier transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to see whether it was bread or not. Material from 13 graves (dated to Late Roman Iron Age until Viking Age) and 3 finds from the settlement have been analysed. Differences were noted both in shape, porosity and structure. Some of the material has been interpreted as cereal based foodstuff instead of bread due to morphological discrepancies.

The subject of this bachelor-level thesis in archaeology in the transition from archaic sapiens to anatomically modern humans, and what might have caused this transition. A part of the study aims to prove or disprove whether an increased consumption of shellfish might have caused this development. Another part of the essay deals with the connection of said evolution and the suggested emergence of cultural and ritual practices in South Africa circa 100 000 BP and an evaluation of the arguments concerning the aquatic ape hypothesis, and their usefulness for the subject.The result of investigation of the theory about the increased consumption of marine resources as a probable cause of the last biological step of creating our species points to the conclusion that it is a probable explanation. There is even some evidence that there could be a connection between consumption of marine resources and the "Out of Africa 2"-theory. It is harder to find a proven connection between the suggested emergence of cultural and ritual practices, even some evidence seems to strengthen the idea.

Studien undersöker hur elevernas lärande i matematik påverkas av att undervisningen sker i utemiljön och riktar in sig på arbetssätt, innehåll och elevernas lärande. Litteraturen berör utomhuspedagogik, laborativ matematik och utomhusmatematik. Kvalitativa intervjuer gjordes med sex lärare som hade erfarenheter av att arbeta med utomhusmatematik och avgränsades till att beröra skolår ett till och med fem. Huvuddragen i resultatet visar att lärarna använder andra arbetssätt vid utomhusmatematiken än vad de gör i klassrummet. Inomhus arbetar de med matematikböcker och laborativt, utomhus arbetar de endast med laborativa arbetssätt.

Internationella studier visar att svenska elever har försämrat sitt resultat i matematik. Flera forskningsrapporter visar att en mer varierad matematikundervisning kan öka kvalitén och höja elevernas måluppfyllelse. Vi vill undersöka om utomhusmatematik kan vara en effektiv och kompletterande metod till den traditionella matematikundervisningen. Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka hur några lärare resonerar kring utomhuspedagogik och utomhusmatematik i undervisningen av elever i grundskolans tidigare år. Vi har även undersökt hur dessa lärare ser på möjligheter respektive begränsningar med utomhuspedagogik och utomhusmatematik.

The subject of this master level thesis in historical osteology, is a study of waste management in the medieval town of Lund. The aims of the study is achieved through looking at the taphonomic aspects of bonefragments from the quarter Blekhagen. The study is divided in two separate sections, one that is a litterature study of what is known about waste management, and another one that contains a taphonomic and spatial analysis. Through examination of the taphonomic variables weathering, average weight and trampling and a spatial analysis, I am able to deduce that there are signs of controlled waste management in the material. It is not possible to draw any general conclusions about waste management in the medieval town however.