The aim of this study is to describe a number of type stands of lodge pole pine in Norrbotten with respect on stem volume and total biomass. Further questions to answer is if there is stand characteristics that make the stands more suitable for pulpwood in early thinning, or if it is better to apply whole tree harvest. The study shall also give an indication if bio energy can be an economical interesting alternative for Sveaskog. Sampled trees represented the variation in the different stands. Five trees were selected from each stand to represent that stand. Stem volume and biomass (kg dry weight (DW) per hectare) for each fraction was calculated.

Russian comfrey, Symphytum x uplandicum, was tested as a plant nutrient source in a trial with tomatoes. Comfrey liquid was produced by Stiftelsen Holma i Höör. Tomato plants of the cultivar Aromata planted in a medium of soil:peat (1:1) enriched with organic nutrients and lime, were fed with comfrey liquid plus Biofer, in three different concentrations. Two different concentrations of BioRika were used as comparison, along with an unfertilized control group. In the comfrey treatment I a total amont of 1g N, 0,23 g P, 0,84 g K, was given to the tomatoes.

In the post-war era many European countries were recovering from the ravages of the bombings of the second world war destroying whole countries. Sweden being neutral was spared the destruction of war but instead we demolished almost as much housing all by ourselves. A social program was modeled to modernize the country and to drag the swedes out of poverty by building one million apartments in just ten years and demolishing the old, dilapidated working-class neighborhoods. The traumatic events of the demolition of large areas of both the central and the outskirts of most Swedish cities is still very much present in the collective memory of people today and the new modernistic districts are still paying the price of that, more than fifty years later. Today these modernistic districts are in need of repair, and they are often homes to groups alienated from society making their reputation even worse.

A decade ago the organic egg production in Sweden was nearly nonexistent (Föreningen för ekologisk fjÀderfÀproduktion, 2008). A rising demand for these products in the beginning of year 2000 made the organic egg production the most increasing production of all organic provisions. The Swedish consumers value provision production that have a reduced impact on the environment and further protects the wellness of animals and plants (Jordbruksverket, 2010). Today, the organic egg production composes roughly 6 % of the total egg production in Sweden. This indicates that the ambition of Jordbruksverket, which has an organic egg production goal of 10 % of the total production, is not yet achieved.The consumer demand on the market is the driving force for these new products, and the higher prices contribute to an essential portion of the additional costs of organic egg production (Jordbruksverket, 2004).

Habitat mapping was conducted in the main stem of River VindelÀlven in the autumn of 2009 along the salmon distribution area. The aim was to estimate the quantity of potential reproduction areas, including spawning and juvenile rearing habitats. The mapping included 61 km of various stream sections along the river length of 269 km. The total area of stream habitats was estimated to 647 ha of which 396 ha (61%) were considered as either potential or optimal juvenile nursery habitats. The area of these two habitat classes were used to estimate the smolt production in the river by using electro fishing densities of juveniles (0+ per 100 m2).

In total 249 horses surgically treated for colic in Sweden during 2002 until 2005 were studied. The horses was identified by the animal insurance company Agria. Survival was studied with respect to age, gender, breed, diagnosis (small intestinal problems, caecal problems, large intestinal problems, incarceration in nephrosplenic ligament, unspecific colic and other colic problems) and treating hospital. Different survivals were calculated. For short-term survival proportions was used and for long-term it was done using Kaplan-Meier technique and log-rank testing.

Denna studie unders?ker sambandet mellan fiskelicensers utg?ng, avregistrering och omflaggning inom den svenska fiskeflottan. S?rskilt analyseras om licensens utg?ng fungerar som en institutionell brytpunkt d?r fartygs?gare ompr?var fortsatt verksamhet under svensk flagg, samt om fartyg med h?gre kapacitetsutnyttjande i st?rre utstr?ckning ?terfinns under annan flagg efter avregistrering.Analysen bygger p? registerdata ?ver svenska fiskefartyg, fiskelicenser, landad f?ngst, kvottilldelning och fartygskarakteristika f?r perioden 2018?2025. Detta kompletteras med manuellt insamlad information om fartygens senare flaggstatus efter avregistrering.

Problembakgrund och syfte: Uppsatsens syfte Àr att undersöka huruvida det finns samband mellan pensionsredovisningsmetoder och volatilitet i bolagens Eget kapital. Enligt pensionsredovisningsforskningen finns samband mellan pensionsredovisningsmetoder och volatilitet i total Eget kapital. Enligt Amir skapar redovisning av aktuariella vinster och förluster mot Eget kapital (totalresultatet) upphov till volatilitet i Eget kapital. Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att undersöka om forskningen som pÄvisar detta samband Àven stöds gÀllande Large Cap bolagen i Nasdaq OMX Nordic Stockholm. StÀmmer det att bolag som redovisar pensioner mot Eget kapital (totalresultatet) pÄvisar större volatilitet i Eget kapital Àn bolag som anvÀnder andra pensionsredovisningsmetoder? Detta Àr den grundlÀggande problemstÀllningen i uppsatsen.Metod: För att svara pÄ syftet anvÀnder vi oss av bolagens Ärsredovisningar dÀr vi undersöker vilka pensionsredovisningsmetoder bolagen vÀljer och volatilitet i total Eget kapital mellan Ären 2006-2011.

This final thesis is performed on commission of Hargs Bruk Ltd. Hargs Bruk manages one of Sweden?s largest privately owned forests. A main part of the managed forest is situated in Roslagen in eastern Uppland. Since 1934 felling calculations have been performed within the estate every tenth year.

More than 1000 Swedish Warmblood foals are shown every year at foal inspections which are arranged around the country. Six traits are evaluated at these inspections: type, head-neck-body, correctness of legs, walk, trot and canter. No previous genetic studies have been done on the data from these evaluations. The purpose of this study was to do genetic analyses of the traits which are evaluated at foal inspections. The purpose was also to see if there are any correlations between the results of the foal inspections and the results from the tests of three-year-old horses.

The competition for Norway spruce pulp wood in Central Sweden increases, forcing the supply-structure of Holmen to face two important challenges. Firstly, it is of the outmost strategically importance to secure the long-term supply of Norway spruce pulp wood to the industries. Secondly, Holmen desires to increase the obtainable volume of Norway spruce pulp wood. This would enable the company to choose volumes in the lower price-segments and thereby decrease the dependency of costly marginal volumes. As this work shows, one part in managing these challenges could be to lower the quality standards concerning root rot (Heterobasidium annosum). Facts presented in the work shows that: 1. Technically, the TMP-industry of Braviken can handle a much more rotted pulp wood than that used today, although the cost of refinement increases.

This thesis has been carried out on behalf of IV Produkt AB and intends to set an average ratio of thermal energy losses in apartment buildings that were built during the 1960-1990. This shall be derived by analyzing the total district energy consumption that has been divided into three parts: heat energy losses (the actual heating requirements), the heating of domestic hot water and heating energy consumption for the controlled ventilation.Three different residential areas that were built during the years 1962-1966 and one that was built in 1993 has been analyzed. All residential areas are located in VÀxjö urban and contains between four and six apartment buildings.The analyzed objects have a mechanical exhaust ventilation systems and district heating as the heating method. No own laboratory work or experiments have been done in this thesis, the calculations have been done on the basis of parameters from VEAB, interviews with property managers, and literature studies. By calculations, we have got a result that is reported in Chapter 6.

Syfte och frÄgestÀllningSyftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie Àr att kartlÀgga och evidensgranska tidigare forskning som undersökt om fysisk aktivitet kan minska sömnbesvÀr. Vetenskapliga studier har granskats för att undersöka om fysisk aktivitet pÄverkar sömnbesvÀr. MÄlsÀttningen var att undersöka om det finns ett vetenskapligt stöd för att rekommendera fysisk aktivitet till personer med sömnbesvÀr.FrÄgestÀllning:Kan fysisk aktivitet anvÀndas för att minska sömnbesvÀr?MetodEn systematisk litteratursökning utfördes i databaserna Pubmed, Sportdiscus och Discovery. Detta resulterade i att sex randomiserade kontrollerade studier inkluderades för en systematisk analys medan 1649 artiklar exkluderades pÄ grund av att de inte mötte de uppsatta inklusionskriterierna.

Syftet med denna studie Àr att öka den energitekniska förstÄelsen för en byggnad med kombinerad fjÀrrvÀrme och frÄnluftsvÀrmepump, i hÀnseende till Älder, storlek, klimatskal och tekniska installationer, samt öka kunskapen om energieffektivisering och dess kostnad för inblandade parter. Studien har gjorts genom energianalys av fastigheten för att kartlÀgga energianvÀndningen och dÀrigenom kunna ge ÄtgÀrdsförslag pÄ energieffektiva lösningar pÄ befintliga system. Energianalysen visar att nio möjliga ÄtgÀrder, dÀr en reducering av inomhustemperaturen och byte till snÄlspolande munstycken Àr tongivande, kan genomföras med en total energibesparing pÄ 170 MWh/Är och en total kostnadsbesparing pÄ 295 kkr/Är, vilket motsvarar en minskning av energin med cirka 11 % och en minskning av kostnaden med cirka 24 %. Anledningen till att reduceringen av kostnaden kan bli sÄ mycket större Àn reduceringen av energianvÀndningen beror pÄ att det gÄr att byta nuvarande munstycken till mer snÄlspolande. Detta medför en minskning av energianvÀndningen med endast 27 MWh/Är dÄ den största reduceringen Àr av tappkallvatten, men den ekonomiska besparingen blir 157 kkr/Är pÄ grund av den minskade vattenförbrukningen.

On children born with a complete cleft lip and palate (CLP) the repair of the alveolar ridge doesnŽt take place before the children are about ten years old. This results in that they have a residual cleft in the alveolar ridge during their early childhood. This residual cleft, and the oronasal fistulas that may appear after the repair of the hard palate, can result in a negative influence on the speech of the children. Thereby it may be necessary with cover for examplewith a palatal plate or an obturator. At the Department of Orthodontics, at Linköping University Hospital, Sweden, some of the children with CLP undergo treatment with sustained palatal fistula obturation in order to cover fistulas or residual clefts.