For a long time economic tax equalization system in Sweden has been creating dispute between Swedish communities. Despite the main purpose of the system - to reduce disparities and create equal economic opportunities for all communities ? some regions were not satisfied.The main purpose of this study is to determine what extant has equalization tax on investment spending of Danderyd municipality during 2000-2010 year period. The study is based on annual reports and personal interviews. The theoretical frame of the investigation is founded on Fjertorp's classification of investments and public choice theory.The investigation shows that there were no significant changes neither in investment spending or equalization tax during 2000-2010 period, even after the last changes of economic tax equalizations system in 2005.

In this report the situation for cyclists on 2+1-roads is analysed and studied. Theseroads are often the old 13-meter roads that have been changed into 2+1 to increasethe security. Two road sections outside Motala in Sweden has been deep studiedand analysed. The different parts in the planning process show how the progressgoes. To begin with the change should be within the old 13 meters but after thepilot study was circulated for comments the result became a broadening to 13,75and 14,00 meters.

The essay treats how a process of implementation was executed and the teachers? relation to two curricula, Lpo94 and Lgr11, with two different grading systems, which have functioned as models for one and the same year. The purpose is to investigate the ways in which a change in curricula and syllabus affects teachers in their teaching and assessment practice in the subject of Swedish at secondary school. The investigation had a phenomenological approach and was executed by means of in-depth interviews, questionnaires and one observation. The results are based on a methodological triangulation with qualitative and quantitative data where visible similarities and differences are brought out.

AbstractThe purpose of this essay was to investigate what thoughts children in preschool and preschool class have about friendship. We also want to investigate what characteristics and which strategies they look for in friendship relationships.  To perform this study we used the following questions as a starting point. Which characteristics do children see as attractive in their cultures?How are friendship relationships affected in different contexts?Can one see a difference in the most important characteristics and strategies between the children in preschool and the children in preschool class? To answer our questions and to reach our purpose we have held group interviews with children in preschool and in preschool class.  We have, in our study, used published scientific literature to get an understanding of what has been presented in relation to this topic in the past.The result shows that the children in preschool and preschool class do differ in certain aspects but also have some similarities on ideas about friendship. Both preschool children and the children in the preschool class are highly competent and skilled at integrating with other children. What divides them is their ways to plan their friendship.

The first July 2008 did the Swedish government introduce a new family policy, the child care allowance. This essay is a case study of how the child care allowance has influenced families and which possible effects that the child care allowance can lead to. In order to respond to the issue has family models been used in order to analyze the results from a questionnaire survey distributed to households which has become granted child care allowance in Växjö municipality. Therefore is this essay?s premier contribution to the social science a description of how families have reasoned and decided about their child-care.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine how locally produced bioenergy may contribute to meet the climate target year 2050 in the municipality of Uppsala. The goal of reduced GHG-emissions from current 6,8 ton CO2-equivalents to 0,5 ton CO2-equivalents per capita and year, year 2050 is based on avoiding harmful penalties of an increased level of GHG in the atmosphere. By estimating available biomass in the county together with examining future technologies and emission factors for the substrates used, four possible future scenarios has been developed focusing either on electricity generation or production of biofuels. GHG-emissions of year 2050 have been calculated using the software LEAP. The conclusion is that bioenergy, depending on how it is integrated in the energy system, may reduce greenhouse gas emissions between 0.6 ton CO2-equivalents and 1.4 ton CO2-equivalents per capita or 12% to 25% compared to 5.5 ton CO2-equivalents in the reference scenario 2050. The greatest reduction is obtained if biofuels are produced in combination with energy efficient heat requirements in buildings..

I en bank möts oftast kunder av kölappsapparat och får därefter sätta sig i väntan på sin tur att bli betjänad av en bankrådgivare. Ett alternativ till detta är att använda en kundvärd för att ytterligare påverka kundens känslor och tillfredsställelse. Söderlund och Rosengrens (2008) studie visade att en anställds leende kan påverka en kunds nivå av tillfredsställelse efter besöket men också känslorna av glädje och upprymdhet (Mehrabian & Russel, 1978). Studiens syfte är att beskriva hur en kundvärds emotionella (leende kundvärd) respektive professionella (icke-leende kundvärd) bemötande påverkar kunders nivå av kundtillfredsställelse på en bank. Swedbank i Karlstad har idag en kundvärd och dennes påverkan skall beskrivas med användning av en kvantitativ enkätstudie.Kundernas nivå av tillfredställelse visade sig påverkas positivt av ett emotionellt bemötande.

The aim of the study was to understand limitations and possibilities to the discretion of managers in order to fulfill wishes of users. The study is based on six interviews, three with managers and three with staff in common homes for mentally disabled people. The study took place in a municipality in Sweden in the spring of 2010. We used an interview guide with specific themes and questions. The theoretical framework was based on organizational theories as well as theories about management and discretion.

Hållbar utveckling har kommit att bli allt mer viktigt på grund av att världen nu förändras i snabb takt. Det är av stor vikt att företag tar ansvar och tänker långsiktigt. I de befintliga ekonomiska modellerna är det svårt att beräkna kostnader för miljöförstöring och sociala följder. Numera har det blivit vanligare att företag arbetar med hållbarhet och detta kräver att de integrerar hållbarhet i sin ekonomistyrning. Syftet med denna studie är att studera om och i så fall hur ett företag använder sig av ekonomistyrning för att styra mot hållbarhet.

The objective of this master thesis was to study the relation between public green open space and health among adolescents in Uppsala municipality, Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate if there is an association between the access to green open space in the living environment and adolescent´s health, in terms of fysical activity, self- reported health and overweight. The public health questionnaire ?Liv och Hälsa Ung 2009? provided data together with a map over public green space, where the measure taken into account is the proportion of public green space in the living environment. The study includes 3423 adolescents, 12-19 years old.

The aim of the study has been to explore certain aspects of implementation perspectives and to analyse the introduction of an environmental management system called ecoBUDGET in the Municipality of Växjö. A framework has been developed through thorough studying of earlier research in the field of policy implementation in public administrations. The framework is made up of the steering relationship between politicians and public administrators, decision making and implementation and the ability, want and understanding of how and why decisions should/could be implemented. By using this framework in combination with interviews held with individuals that host valuable knowledge and experience of the system these questions were to be answered:-What factors in the implementation process of ecoBUDGET can be seen to have facilitated alternativly hindred the integration of the environmental management system within the municipalitys administration and companies?- In what direction has the integration of a sustainable devleopment thinking for the environment thru ecoBUDGET evolved within the organisation?The result came to be that sustainable development and the strive for this is more and more amalgamated in to the everyday work within the municipal organisation and that the environmental management system is likely to have played a part in this..

Present master of science thesis has been carried out at the Swedish Road Administration consulting services (Vägverket Konsult) in Karlstad. The purpose of the study is to investigate how well the calculated drawdown of the groundwater table predicts the actual drawdown when the road and railway gates at the studied sites are built. For this purpose the groundwater levels at the three bridges were measured during 6 months. The bridges in question are two railway bridges situated in Ölme and Ulvåker and one road bridge crossing a pedestrian and cycling path in Lidköping.In Ölme the calculated area of influence was smaller than the measured one. It differed up to 30 meters, i.e.

When a leader changes to a new post in another kind of organisational culture, what happens then? Could a leader use the same kind of leadership when leading different kinds of groups? Different cultures have different needs and ways to handle things and in the end it all comes to situational leadership. Both leaders and theorists claim that the leader must adjust to what the organisation and its members needs. This paper contains an inquiry of how officers have handled their new assignments as leaders in the civilian world of the municipality. The research shows that a former military leader must also be able to lead another kind of group if they change to a civilian career.

AbstractHudiksvalls coordinating model - a model to make cooperation easierCamilla Andersson and Åsa GradinThe purpose of this study was to examine the experience each one of the administrators have of their own new model in Hudiksvall to make cooperation easier for the three different administrations in Hudiksvalls municipality. The study will focus on the administrators experiences of Hudiksvalls coordinating design. Questions of the study were: How is the influence of the model on the rules? How is the influence of the model on expectations and parts? What kind of influence did the model have on the responsibility distribution? What kind of influence has the model on the responsibilities at the transfer of costs? To answer the questions of the study we applied a qualitative method, it was made through a standardization interview guide and open questions, with six of the dealing officers who works with the model. Some of the results wich can be discern are by an economic character, andfor the clients that they won`t be passed around the administrations in the community, they get the right help, quick and safe.Key words: cooperation, coordination..

This qualitative study is about the differences and similarities between the organization Friends and schools? methods to prevent bullying. Aggression, bullying and discomfort in schools result in that many students do not dare to go to school because of their fear that they might get attacked and become systematically bullied. Bullying is a universal and persistent problem. In this study the reader will receive a better understanding and get an insight into the problems that teachers and students experience and struggle with every day in dealing with bullying in schools.