Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary X-linked fatal disease that affects 1 in 3500 male births. It is the most common kind of muscular dystrophy in children and leads to death in the late teens or early 20s for many patients. The mdx mouse is a model of DMD that can be used to investigate experimental therapies. Overexpression of a glycosyltransferase, CT GalNAc, in mdx mice has been demonstrated to prevent the development of muscular dystrophy. Overexpression of another glycosyltransferase, LARGE, is currently being investigated as a treatment for another group of muscular dystrophies, the dystroglycanopathies. In this study, we overexpressed LARGE in mdx mice in order to investigate its effect on the development of muscular dystrophy.

Hjärt- och kärlsjukdom är den främsta dödsorsaken i Sverige. Majoriteten av dem kan förebyggas med hjälp av en livsstilsförändring, men för att göra det krävs motivation. En evidensbaserad metod som används för att främja motivation och livsstilsförändringar är motiverande samtal (MI). Syftet med litteraturstudien var att utforska vilka effekter MI kunde ha i sjuksköterskans prevention av hjärt- och kärlsjukdom. Resultatet visade att MI hade en varierande, men genomgående positiv effekt i att förbättra de levnadsvanor som är kopplade till hjärt- och kärlsjukdom.

Parkinsons sjukdom drabbar 15 av 10 000 personer. Sjukdomen kan påverka gången genom freezing, då individen stannar upp och är oförmögen att fortsätta att gå. Detta är ett mycket besvärande symtom som kan behandlas med olika cueingstrategier. Även gånghastighet kan förbättras med hjälp av cueingstrategier. I den senaste litteraturstudien var evidensen för cueing oenig.

English title: Parents? expectations of municipal school of music and of arts.Thesis in Music Education by Jonathan Lilliedahl. Part of the work for the master´s degree. Studies from School of Music, University of Örebro, 2007. Available from School of Music, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.

Botulism is a serious disease with high mortality that can affect horses. Due to this about 20-30 percent of the horses in Sweden are vaccinated against botulism. The purpose of this study was to see how common botulism is in the Swedish horse population and to se if a connection between feeding with haylage and botulism could be seen. In addition to this, the study aimed to find how common vaccination against botulism is among Swedish horses and on what grounds the diagnosis botulism is made. Medical records of horses being diagnosed with botulism at all the major large animal hospitals in Sweden between 1995-2005 were searched. In addition to this the database where general practitioners report their cases as well as the cases with botulism reported to the insurance companies were included. The results of this study show that only 0,03 percent of the Swedish horse population has been diagnosed with botulism during the time period this study covers. In all the cases included in this study the diagnosis was made based on clinical signs and in none of the cases verification by isolating the toxin was possible. In all cases where forage is noted in the journals the horse has been feed haylage which indicate that there is a connection between the use of haylage and botulism. Three horses died despite being partially vaccinated against botulism type B which indicate that a correct vaccination has to be done before the horse get any protection or that the correct diagnosis was not botulism type B..

The flagellate Giardia intestinalis has been known to cause diarrhea in both man and dog. Results from epidemiological studies have indicated that transmission of the parasite from dog to man is plausible even though that route of infection has yet to be shown. Several international studies have shown that the parasite frequently occurs in asymptomatic dogs. In Sweden the prevalence of Giardia in healthy dogs is not known though. In this study, faecal samples were collected at two separate occasions from 21 litters and 21 bitches showing no symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract. The samples from each litter were pooled but the samples from the bitches were analyzed individually.

Träningsinducerad lungblödning, Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), är ett stort problem hos travare och galoppörer i hela världen. Det får anses klarlagt att mekanismen bakom EIPH är så kallad stress-failure, utmattningsskador, i blod-gasbarriären vilket beror på att hästarna har en respiration och cirkulation som ger extrema påfrestningar på denna sköra struktur. En bidragande faktor till stress-failure tycks kunna vara att hypertension i lungvenerna leder till att dessa remodelleras och förtjockas, vilket i sin tur leder till ännu högre tryck i lungkapillärerna. Den här litteraturstudien handlar om hur inflammation i lungorna kan ge upphov till EIPH. Inflammation finns med i problematiken runt EIPH både som en bakomliggande faktor och som ett resultat av blödningen.

Tissue factor (TF), a 47 kDa glycoprotein, is the initiator of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and consequently of the upmost importance when damage to blood vessel occurs. The source of TF in circulation has been investigated. However, the source of TF is still not clear. One theory is that platelets express and increases the expression of TF after stimulation and the aim of our report was to investigate whether platelets really are a source for TF in circulation.Using specific primers for TF mRNA, platelets in plasma from healthy volunteers and from patients suffering from cardiac infarction were analyzed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gel electrophoresis was performed after amplification of TF mRNA to verify the results.The samples were negative for TF when using real-time PCR and the few positive all had cycle threshold (Ct) values above 35.

The aim of this literature review was to describe how the literature presents parents? need for information and how parents perceive the information from care personnel when their child 0-18 years of age is diagnosed with diabetes. The literature search was performed in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. Thirteen articles that met the inclusion criteria were studied. The results showed that when a child is diagnosed with diabetes the whole family faces a new situation and the parents are in great need for adequate information from care personnel to be able to deal with the new life situation and participate in the care.

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet med denna studie var att sammanställa kvalitet på och resultat av studier som undersökt om långdistanslöpning ger artros i höft-, knä- eller fotleder. Finns det vetenskaplig evidens för att långdistanslöpning ger artros i höft-, knä- eller fotleder? Vilka styrkor och svagheter har de studier som försökt utröna om samband finns mellan långdistanslöpning och artros i höft-, knä- eller fotleder? MetodSökning av litteratur utfördes i PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library och PEDro. Detta resulterade i att tio artiklar inkluderades för närmare granskning och sammanställning. Utifrån artiklarnas sammantagna bevisvärde poängsattes och graderades artiklarna efter evidensnivå enligt Statens Beredning för medicinsk Utvärderings (SBU) granskningsmallar för kohortstudier med kontrollgrupper. ResultatEndast en av tio studier visar ett positivt samband mellan långdistanslöpning och artros i höft-, knä- eller fotleder, i detta fall höftledsartros.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka prevalensen av parodontit hos yngre vuxna personer i åldrarna 19-44 år med diabetes typ 1. Ett ytterligare syfte var att undersöka om behandling av parodontit med eller utan antibiotika ger effekt på parodontalt status samt på blodglukosvärdet. Studien är en allmän litteraturstudie som består av nio vetenskapliga artiklar som har sökts i databaserna PubMed och ScienceDirect. Fem artiklar handlade om prevalensen av parodontit hos personer med diabetes typ 1 och fyra artiklar om parodontal behandling med (n=2) eller utan antibiotika (n=2). Resultatet visade att parodontit var vanligare eller förekom i högre grad hos yngre vuxna personer med diabetes typ 1 jämfört med icke diabetiker. Parodontal behandling med eller utan antibiotika, visade en god förbättring av de parodontala parametrarna.

Today, "the digital library" is the common way of describing a managed collection of information, with associated services, stored in digital formats and accessible over a network. Digital libraries have mainly been developed at research libraries, but during the last few years public libraries have started to offer similar services.The aim of this Master's thesis is to study how the Swedish public libraries plan to develop their digital libraries according to their mission statements, and in what way they have implemented them at their web sites. 21 public libraries, the largest in each Swedish county, were investigated.The library mission statements are investigated to find out in what terms the digital libraries are described and to what extent. The library websites are examined with respect to what kind of digital services are offered, to what extent they supplement or replace the physical library, and if there are new digital services not found in the physical library.In most mission statements the digital library is referred to in sweeping terms like "IT activities" and "new media". However, a few of the libraries clearly regard the digital library as an important part of the future operations, speaking of it in well defined and extensive terms.The public library websites are relatively homogeneous when it comes to services supplementing physical library activities, like web access to the library catalogue and links to other library catalogues.

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of ?Rehabilitation with psychotherapy and yoga in group? with cancer patients, regarding physical, social, emotional and functional wellbeing. The participants? health and satisfaction with the project were also evaluated. Method: The evaluation was made with quantitative method and descriptive, longitudinal design.

This essay is a comparative research between pupils' experience of how the headmaster, teachers and other school staff interpret and apply the democratic education. The results are based on a survey carried out in senior high school, as well as interviews with the school staff. The democratic education charge has a long history of Swedish school system and is the basis for the maintenance of a democratic society. Both policy paper of state investigations and researchers in the field, regard to school as the primary and unique instance in order to promote and develop democratic skills in children and young people. However, it is shown that those who come out from school lack of knowledge and awareness of democracy and the will to speak their mind.

Thoroughbred racehorses have suffered from exercise-induced haemorrhage for over 300 years. Almost all competing horses develop exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) at some point but most horses don?t suffer from reduced competing capacity due to the disease. The cause of the exercise-induced haemorrhage is unknown. The most believed theory today is that EIPH is induced by pulmonary stress failure caused by pressure over 100 mmHg in the pulmonary arteries during exercise.