Denna uppsats är en socialpsykologisk och kvalitativ undersökning som syftar till att förstå hur man kan, utifrån ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv förstå varför vissa individer ansluter sig till en huliganfirma och varför de stannar kvar. Fotbollshuliganism blev som störst i Sverige på 1990-talet och det pågår ett arbete i samhället för att försöka minska detta samhällsproblem då huliganismen innebär våld och vandalisering. Uppsatsen grundar sig på tio intervjuer med personer som har varit eller är aktiva i olika huliganfirmor i Sverige. Den vetenskapsteoretiska ansats som använts är hermeneutiken. Det insamlade empiriska materialet är analyserat med hjälp av följande socialpsykologiska teorier och begrepp: sociala band, skam och stolthet (Scheff 1994), interaktionsritualer och emotionell energi (Collins 2004), avvikande beteende (Becker 2005), maskulinitetsteori (Connell 2008), beroende och kickar (Giddens 1992), ungdomsfaser (Erikson 1988).

Syftet med studien är att belysa, problematisera och diskutera fenomenet Advertiser-Funded Programming eller Avsändar-Finansierade Program som det kallas för på svenska. Avsändar-Finansierade Program är en av de senaste trenderna när det kommer till att integrera organisationskommunikation med massmedia. Annonsörerna har tagit steget från att enbart exponera produkter och varumärken i reklampauser i och mellan program till att nu finnas med som en finansiell aktör i finansierings- och produktionsprocessen. Samtidigt som organisationers externa kommunikation integreras i underhållningsprogrammen minskar publikens möjlighet att värja sig från kommersiella budskap eftersom budskapet blir en del av det redaktionella innehållet. För att hämta åsikter och tankar från personer som direkt berörs av annonsörernas intåg i produktionsprocessen genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer per telefon med personer som arbetar aktivt med AFP.

During a fire large amounts of particles and unhealthy agents occur.  Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and toxic metals are examples among many others. These agents have a capacity to bond to particles and when the fire is extinguished, the particles can be transferred with the extinguish water into the soil and to the groundwater.Recent studies in particles have been conducted. A study by Ulrika Iverfelt (2014) reviled that the particles from a fire contained large amounts of both PAH and metals, which is consistent with earlier analyses. Her column experiments with particles in the size ? 11 microns and ?100 microns in silica sand, reviled that the larger particles was immobilized because the transportation was influenced by sieving or physiochemical particle and surface interactions.The transport of the particles in soil and groundwater is regulated by two main mechanisms: physiochemical surface interactions and straining.

AbstractHow do pupils with intellectual disabilities experience participation and involvement in school work? It was a question I had in mind when I was formulating the thesis statement. I wanted to catch pupils? experiences and analyze them from the sociology of childhood. Do pupils want more involvement and what obstacles and opportunities do pupils find to exert participation and involvement?The study is based on six interviews conducted with pupils enrolled in the compulsory school for pupils with intellectual disabilities.

Dag Wellander: Meaning ? memory: oblivion. A reading of Birgitta Trotzig?s The mud kings daughter. Master of Arts paper.

This is a study of the novel Mes mauvaises pensées (2005) by the French writer Nina Bouraoui. I use an intertextual comparative method, where I read the novel against three intertexts: Marie Cardinal Les mots pour le dire (1975), the David Lynch movie Mulholland Drive (2001) and novels and photographies by Hervé Guibert. Main focus is on the relation between body and language. Using the psychoanalytic theories by Julia Kristeva I examine the melancholy of the narrator in Mes mauvaises pensées. The melancholic subject mourns a Thing which is the unrepresentable archaic mother.

The object of this thesis is the foundation of ethics. The question is whether there exists a universal core to ethics consisting of a fundamental ethical principle across cultures. This principle could for example be the so-called Golden Rule, which goes as follows: ?You should do to others what you want them to do to you?. The Golden Rule is to be found in many of the world?s religions and is also reflected in secular society.

Redovisning av humankapital är idag föremål för en livlig debatt inom akademiska kretsar och inom normgivande institutioner. I denna uppsats har vi gjort en undersökning innefattande åtta publika företags årsredovisningar och den frivilliga redovisningen av humankapitalet som de lämnar där utifrån dess jämförbarhet, relevans och tillförlitlighet. Dessa företag är FöreningsSparbanken, Nordea, ReadSoft, Sigma, Skandia, SKF, Volvo och WM-Data. Våra kvalitativa undersökningar har grundat sig på ett ramverk skapat för en liknande undersökning av den australiensiska professorn James Guthrie, vilket även anammats av den irländska professorn Niamh Brennan i hennes undersökning på Irland. Denna modell är utformad för att undersöka hela det intellektuella kapitalet, men den del av ramverket vi har använt oss utav är den del som berör humankapitalet.

Abstract The extraction and usage of energy give rise to immense environmental problems which helps to accelerate climate change. Energy is an important resource for the community and there are a variety of different types of energy sources available, that are either classified as renewable or non-renewable energy sources. The usage of renewable energy sources cause less environmental impact than the usage of non-renewable energy, which in turn means that the energy?s strain on the environment is strongly affected by the type of energy source used.The aim of the study is to describe to what extent attitudes towards renewable energy are affected by whether the individual is male or female, by examining the hypothesis regarding how women have a closer connection to nature and to a larger extent shows on an pro-environmentally friendly behavior than men, and if it also can be detected on issues related to renewable energy and thus imply that women have a friendlier approach towards renewable energy than men. A number of ecofeminist believe that women have a stronger bond with the nature through her embodiment as a woman and by her maternal role, which according to previous research also leads to the fact that women shows on a more extensive environmental behavior.Through a qualitative research method in the form of semi-structured interviews has three female and three male respondents been asked questions with regards to the environment, individual responsibility and energy.

Facebook är ett centralt verktyg för mellanmänsklig kommunikation. Plattformen används dagligen världen över för diskussion och opinionsbildning. Samtidigt är Facebook ett privat företag som avyttrar vinst. Att en så betydelsefull mötesplats är privatägd innebär att användarna och deras kommunikation påverkas av företagets regler, intressen och värderingar. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i hur företaget förhåller sig till spänningen mellan marknad och offentlighet.Syftet är att kritiskt undersöka företagets värderingar, ideologier och intressen, samt att försöka placera dessa i en bredare samhällskontext, i syftet att avtäcka vilka idéer och värderingar som diskursivt framställer, och därmed konstruerar, organisationens användare.Det empiriska materialet består av företagets policy och regelverk, två dokument som finns tillgängliga för allmänheten genom deras hemsida.

Denna studie utgår från barns perspektiv där barnens kommentarer, idéer och tankar om sin innemiljö på en förskoleavdelning är det centrala. Huvudfrågorna är: Vilka meningserbjudanden finns enligt barn i förskolans innemiljö? Vad begränsar deras handlingar? Meningserbjudande är ett begrepp som kommer inneha stor relevans i denna studie. Begreppet kommer ursprungligen från psykologen James J Gibson (Gibson, 1986; Balldin, 2006). Barnen var 17 stycken i åldrarna tre till fem år.

This two years master´s thesis examines how books and literature can strengthen the contact between imprisoned fathers and their children, and the connection between the treatment of offenders and education in Sweden. The methods used are interviews and textual analysis. The theoretical starting points are influenced by Bernt Gustavssons works concerning the concept of education (the Swedish term ?bildning?) and Foucaults thoughts on the subject of power and its relation to knowledge and resistance.Through history many attempts have been made to ?cure? those who commit criminal acts by educating them, at first to enable them to get employed after serving their sentence, the education thus being for the greater good of the society in general, but since the 1940?s the aim has shifted towards education for the individuals own personal development and readjustment to society.The findings indicate that the service provided to prisons by public libraries play an important role for the inmates, as a source of books for amusement and diversion as well as providing the means for education. This thesis examines four reading programmes in prison, in order to establish their place in the tradition of education within the Swedish penal system.

Participation, public art and participatory public art as phenomenons and subjects have been studied and discussed. With interviews and observations as a base, we have studied projects and discussed participation, effect and quality in relation to these. Furthermore we have looked at how the participatory art processes work in Sweden and England. This essay seeks to discuss the process of participatory public art and to emphasize the elements contributing to the quality of this process. It is up to us as planners to recognize the possibilities for a qualitative place. To mediate between different interests, for example between politicians and stakeholders, between economics and quality, between the place and its users, between individuals and the community, and in our case between artists, users and the municipality. Public art has gone from being about the product, an art piece, to becoming more of a process, from non interactive to interactive. Participation ranges from receiving information to play an active part in the process. Four cases have been studied, taken both from Sweden and England, showing the diversity of processes connected to Participatory Public Art. From interviews conducted in Sweden and England information and thoughts have been received and they show a higher degree of use of participatory public art in England, and also a higher consciousness.

What is the relation between literature and philosophy and what can we learn from it? Is there something about the novel and its language, fiction and narrative that separates it from philosophical litterature? In what way is knowledge about this useful to us, and is it possible to use fiction for the understanding of philosophy?This study makes an attempt to shed some light on the by no means obviuos distinction between philosophy and literature. The aim is to understand what, if in fact there is something that separates philosophy from literature, there is about the distinction that makes it possible for us to separate the ideas in literature from philosophical ideas, and in what way we can use the novel, or fiction in its widest meaning, to understand philosophy. When teaching philosophy you´re often required to make the abstract tangible. But if there´s a misconception about the distinction in what makes philosophical literature philosophical, then maybe there is something to learn from literature, or, at least, something about the fiction and its aesthetics, that makes it easier for us to relate to and understand, for example, the theories that are debated in moral philosophy.There are some philosophers who have used the form of fiction to make their thoughts on philosophical questions understandable.

This work focuses on the relation between human and animals and especially on the relation between horses and human. I have brought up the human och horse relationsship, today, and in history and wrote about the behaviour of the horse. Some older studies with human and animal interaction, including animals like dog and cattle are discussed. I have also discussed physiological parameters that might influence the bond and the interaction between human and horse and some critical aspects concerning the methodology when studying this kind of physiology. The purpose of the experimental study was to analyze if common management routines and grooming of horses increases horses interest in making contact with humans. Many horse owners feel that they have a good connection with their horse and factors that can influence the relationsship could be physical contact, feeding or some challange that make the horse trust the human.