Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka när och på vilket sätt små- och medelstora företag i Västerås vill sköta sina bankärenden samt att undersöka vilken betydelse bankens tillgänglighet har för dessa.Problemfrågor: Vilken betydelse har tillgängligheten för bankens företagskunder? När och på vilket sätt vill företagskunderna sköta sina bankärenden?Tillvägagångssätt: Utifrån en djupdykning bland sekundärdata kring relationer till banken utformades en enkät utifrån den teori som ansågs relevant för utredningen. För att kunna uppfylla syftet och besvara problemfrågorna har vi med hjälp av enkäten genomfört strukturerade telefonintervjuer för att samla in primärdata.Resultat: Företag anser att kontakten med deras kontaktperson i banken samt hur och när de kan kontakta banken är av stor betydelse. Majoriteten vill kunna kontakta och besöka sin bank mellan kl.10.00-15.00, medan en liten del vill kunna göra detta mellan kl.08.00-17.00, något utökat från de ordinarie banktiderna. Mest betydelsefullt för bankens tillgänglighet är utbudet av tjänster och betydelsen av Internet och Internetbanken framhävs av ett stort antal respondenter som det vanligaste sättet som företagarna själva vill sköta sina bankärenden på.

SEB Merchant Banking provides to its institutional customers a true market neutral product called Dynamic Manager Alpha (DMA). The DMA is constructed by a long position in an exceptionally well performing mutual fund and a beta adjusted short position in an appropriate index. The key to making the product market neutral is adjusting with the correct beta, since the beta changes, it is very important to have a good model for predicting beta in the future.This master thesis begins with describing what beta is in a CAPM sense. It then continues with recognizing the so called ?Two Beta Trap?, which separates two kinds of beta.

SEB Merchant Banking provides to its institutional customers a true market neutral product called Dynamic Manager Alpha (DMA). The DMA is constructed by a long position in an exceptionally well performing mutual fund and a beta adjusted short position in an appropriate index. The key to making the product market neutral is adjusting with the correct beta, since the beta changes, it is very important to have a good model for predicting beta in the future.This master thesis begins with describing what beta is in a CAPM sense. It then continues with recognizing the so called ?Two Beta Trap?, which separates two kinds of beta.

The recent turbulence in the financial markets has contributed to the banks becoming more restrictive to lend to real estate financing. Deleveraging in Europe's banking sector has also contributed to banks reducing their leverage and increasing capital adequacy to meet the new requirements. Loan-to-value ratios in real estate loans have fallen while banks' interest margins have increased, which has made property investors to look for alternative sources of funding in the capital markets. The two most interesting forms of financing for real estate right now is bonds and preferred shares as they fit property companies that generate stable and predictable cash flows. A bond is an interest-bearing debenture certifying that the purchaser has lent money to the company that issued the bond.

Syfte: Att undersöka svenska renodlade Internetbanker - ?PPI-banker?, och utefter deras strategi studera deras lönsamhet samt om de utgör risker för den finansiella stabiliteten.Teori:  Tidigare forskning kring PPI-banker har påvisat varierande resultat och fokus har skiftat från PPI-bankernas prestation till deras påverkan på den finansiella stabiliteten. Det teoretiska perspektivet vidgas med traditionella teorier kring bankers strategier och risker. Riskerna som behandlas är främst likviditetsrisk samt risker för stabiliteten i det finansiella systemet.Metod:  Studien har genom blandad strategi, med kvantitativ metod för datainsamling och en kvalitativ analys studerat svenska PPI-banker. PPI-bankerna har jämförts mellan varandra men även som grupp mot de fyra svenska storbankerna för att studera strategi och prestation på marknaden.

New innovation and technology have influenced the development of product development processes and the four largest banks in Sweden have more or less been forced to adapt their products and services along new customer requirements. It may therefore be considered appropriate to involve customers in this process. This by collecting customer information and allow customers to influence the process to a greater extent. The payment solutions of Sweden?s largest banks' continue to evolve and to pay with electronic money has come to change banks' product development processes of payment solutions.

Money by definition is always a subjective human creation. Because of this it is unavoidablethat the physical and mental structure of a specific money system will have an effect on thesociety where it is circulating. With this fact as a starting point, the thesis is analysing whetherthe Swedish national currency, the crown, is consistent with a sustainable development. Theaim of the analysis is to: (a) identify the major shortcomings of the infrastructure of the crownin relation to its ability to support a sustainable development, (b) evaluate what possiblesolutions there are at hand to adjust for the shortcomings. The method used is purely based ontheoretical analysis, with emphasis on abstraction and causal simplicity.In a modern society, money is not only circulating as coins and bills, but also as digital assetstransferred directly between bank accounts.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the lived experiences and treatment of Muslim women in their encounters with the social services. The primal themes for this study was: How does Muslim women experience the treatment of their case in the social services in a situation of need? How can the encounter and experience with the social services affect the clients trust in the social services?  What is the ideal treatment of women with a Muslim identity by the social services?The aim of this study was to investigate and capture the respondents lived perceptions and experiences with the social services, and thus the qualitative interview methodology was implemented to answer the research questions and hypotheses. Seven interviews with Muslim women were conducted in various districts of Stockholm, a city in northern Sweden. Five of the respondents were of ethnic Swedish origin and two were of other ethic origin.The results show that the majority of the respondents experienced a negative response at least once when in contact with the social services.

Today we live in an interconnected world. Through globalization and the development of information technology one can say that, today everyone is our neighbour. The result of our actions can easily spread and affect people on the other side of the world within seconds.Meanwhile, Third World countries are developing into stable economies and Western European corporations are expanding like never before and setting up their organizations in these new markets.This of course is not unproblematic, it creates new challenges for international organizations especially when it comes to communication. An example of that same problematic communication presented itself for Arla Foods in what came to be called the Cartoon Crisis.In late September of 2005 a number of cartoons depicting the holy prophet Muhammed were published in a Danish newspaper. This event sparked scores of protest ranging from Morocco to the Philippines.

China has the world?s largest population and during the last thirty years the country has implemented political and economical changes that have affected China to move towards a more western market economic direction. At first this development was going slow but during the last five years it has increased which today has made China the world?s greatest growing economy. China?s improved cooperation with the world is one reason for this growth which has led to a cumulative of the consumer market.

Background: The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority?s mortgage limitation, of mortgaging up to 85 percent of the market value of the real estate was introduced on the first of October 2010. The aim of the recommendation is to prevent a detrimental development of the market for mortgages while at the same time creating incentives for the consumers to limit the debt level. The mortgage limitation is a recently adopted recommendation and few studies have made a thorough analysis of its effects, hence it is an interesting topic to study.Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the initial effects of the mortgage limitation for consumers, banks and estate agencies. Furthermore, the study aims to evaluate drivers of consumer debt levels and conclude whether the mortgage limitation will result in lower debt levels for consumers.Completion: The study is based on interviews with respondents from banks and with respondents from estate agencies to enlighten the initial and long term effects of the mortgage limitation.

Då stora förändringar skett på den svenska bankmarknaden de senaste 30 åren, dels på grund av den finansiella avregleringen men även som följd av den tekniska utveckligen, har konkurrenssituationen stärkts. Antalet banker som konkurrerar om kunderna har ökat och bankerna måste därför arbeta hårt för att både behålla befintliga samt få nya kunder.Kunderna utsätts regelbundet för marknadsföringskampanjer där de lockas med diverse erbjudanden samt av nya eller utvecklade tjänster. Bankerna försöker finna sätt att tillhandhålla något som kan höja värdet av tjänsten/produkten för kunden.Samtidigt är kunderna på bankmarknaden lojala mot sina banker och förhållandevis få kunder byter bank, oavsett huruvida de är nöjda med den bank de har eller inte. Konkurrensverket gör bedömningen att trots de goda valmöjligheterna för konsumenterna och den starka konkurrensen bland bankerna är konsumentrörligheten väldigt trög i Sverige.Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att undersöka vilka preferenser konsumenter värdesätter i valet av sin bank, samt ur ett kundperspektiv beskriva de viktigaste delarna i ett erbjudande. Detta har undersökts genom att kvalitativt datamaterial har samlats in samt analyserats.I undersökningen har vi arbetat utifrån två problemformuleringar som rör vilka betydelsefulla delar som bör ingå i ett bankerbjudande samt vilka kvalitetsfaktorer som är mest betydelsefulla för den enskilda konsumenten.

Internet påverkar vår vardag i allra högsta grad. Våra rutiner har förändrats och därmed ställs det även krav på företagen att möta sina kunder där kunderna finns. En bransch som tagit stor hänsyn till detta är bankvärlden. Men hur möter de kunderna på den digitala arenan? Hur hanterar de sitt varumärke ur ett digitalt perspektiv?  Denna studie har som syfte att undersöka just detta och se på fyra av de svenska rikstäckande bankernas digitala varumärkeshantering och hur de arbetar med kommunikation i digitala kanaler.

Drawing on theories of ethnic representations in mainstream news media and racial discrimination (van Dijk 2000, Hultén 2006, Husband & Downing 2005, Wodak 2011), and using methods of critical discourse analysis (mainly van Dijk 1993, 1991, Fairclough 1995) this bachelor thesis aims to investigate the inter-textual and inter-discursive relationship between selected editorial and opinion pieces written by three mainstream right wing ?symbolic elites? and the xenophobic blog ?Avpixlat?. The three selected symbolic elites are: Per Gudmundsson, editorial writer at the second largest Swedish newspaper SvD, Andreas Johansson Heinö, academic with a P.H.D. in political science, specialized on issues of integration and ethnic relations, and Paulina Neuding, editorial writer at SvD and editor in chief for right-wing oriented magazine Neo. All three are actively taking part in the mediated discussion of ethnic relations in Sweden from a liberal-conservative perspective.

Background: 2009 it has occurred a crisis in some of the member states of the European Union: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Ireland and Greece. Despite, some major banks in the world had begun to recover from the financial crisis that occurred from 2007 until 2009, there were still banks who found it difficult to survive. Greece is one of the countries that suffered from the financial crisis. The high budget deficit and the unsustainable debt are underlying the crisis.Banks as financial intermediaries have important function in a nation?s economy.