About 10 % of the adult women population in Sweden are treated annually for urinary tract infections. The increasing bacterial resistance towards antibiotics is classified by WHO (World Health Organization) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) as one of the greatest treats for human health in a global perspective. To find alternatives scientists are studying the possibility to use probiotics to reduce the frequency of recurring urinary tract infections. This literature study examines five randomized double blinded placebo controlled studies where different strains of Lactobacillus have been used as a prophylactic to women suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis. Overall the studies do not display enough promising results to recommend the use of probiotics as a prophylax or cure..

Theft without break-ins has increased significantly in the last year of swimming, sports and leisure facilities in Karlskrona, more precisely 60%. Vandalism in the shape of graffiti is another common crime. The solutions are divided into social and situational crime prevention. Social crime prevention engage in actions that are based on social causes of crime rather than the opposite situational crime prevention, which instead assumes that discourage with the help of technical solutions and has as primary objective to hinder accessibility for example theft friendly goods. The main purpose of this work is to come up with solutions to prevent these crimes, while also being cost-effective and realistic to implement.

Syftet med fördjupningsarbetet är att belysa den byggda miljöns betydelse för brottsligheten i ett bostadsområde. Arbetet har haft en utgångspunkt i att brottslighet kan förebyggas. För att ett brott ska kunna äga rum krävs att tre faktorer är uppfyllda; en motiverad gärningsman, ett objekt eller offer samt tillfälle att begå brottet. Utifrån det talar man om två typer av brottsförebyggande. Dels så kallad social prevention, det vill säga att påverka människor genom olika sociala åtgärder, dels situationell prevention, exempelvis genom att utforma miljöer och bostadsområden som gör det svårare att begå brott.

In this thesis a transport system is sought after thatif realised in the city of Uppsala could provide bothwell-being to all its inhabitants and sustainability,here jointly refered to as liveability. It is found thatthe car dominated transport system that is inoperation today provides two fundamental values,namely accessibility in both time and space, whichsets it apart from other transport solutions. Thesetwo values are of immense importance for theliveability in our modern world. On the other handthe car dominated system decreases the liveabilityof Uppsala in several different ways. Some of theseproblems, it is argued, could be solved within thecar system, through the adoption of moreenvironmentally friendly cars etc., but otherproblems are inherent in the car system and willremain no matter what changes are made.

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of probation officers and their work. The following questions have been asked to come to a conclusion: How do probation officers view their work and the purpose of it? What are the effects of probation officers work? The approach of the study is of a qualitative nature and has been conducted by interviewing three officers of the correctional service system, three probation officers and two ex-criminals that have been on probation. The selection is based on a snowball type selection. To analyse the results of the study we have applied previous research and phenomenological theory to examine the experience of correctional service officers, probation officers and ex criminals.

Because of increasing demand of power on Malmbanan the capacity of the existing wires which supply the trains must be increased. This increases the stress on the existing poles and for this reason the system for supplying the loads along the railway is to be removed from the poles and be replaced by some other system. This thesis is a study on a two-level low voltage (1 kV and 0.4 kV) electrical system with the aim to investigate if it can be an alternative to the system used today taking into account the voltages, fault currents and costs.In this thesis the following tasks have been performed:? Gathering of data? Description of basic theory? Loadow and fault current calculations of the system with MATLAB? Life Cycle Cost estimate of the system? Analysis and conclusions from the resultsThe results show that the new system can be an alternative to replace today's system. The simulations and calculations show that the voltage drop is at an acceptable level and that the fault currents are large enough to supply a safe disconnection if a fault occurs at the far end of the system..

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a vulnerable group with regard to HIVbecause of biological factors, lifestyle, discrimination and, in some parts of the world,criminalization. From a public health perspective it is important to include MSM in order to securea high-quality HIV prevention but also to safeguard human rights (HR) for this group. However, itis only recently that the Swedish development cooperation agencies have begun to integrate MSMin HIV prevention. Objective: To examine how employees of Swedish institutions responsible fordevelopment cooperation manage the vulnerable group MSM when providing support for HIVprevention programs and human rights programs. Topics relate to challenges and strategies tointegrate MSM in HIV prevention, which achievements have been obtained, and how to practicallydeal with the criminalization of the group.

Bakgrund: Trycks?r ?r ett problem inom v?rden och ?r en vanligt f?rekommande v?rdskada som ofta anses vara undvikbar. Cirka en av tio patienter drabbas av trycks?r inom svensk sjukv?rd. Konsekvenser som trycks?r medf?r ?r omfattade f?r b?de patienten och v?rden.

Konfigurationsprotokollet Wi-Fi protected setup (WPS) har vissa brister idess design gällande hur autentiseringen av den PIN-kod som används för attansluta en enhet till ett trådlöst nätverk är implementerad. Dessa brister kanutnyttjas av en attackerare för att utföra en bruteforce-attack som på enrelativt kort tid kan identifiera den korrekta koden. Detta arbete har tagit frammetoder för att motverka eller fördröja attacker mot WPS-protokollet sommed relativt enkla medel kan implementeras i befintliga nätverk. Genomutförda praktiska experiment där en fristående server upptäckt en attack ochgenomfört olika försvarsmetoder har de mekanismer som presenterats utvärderats.Slutsatsen är att den effektivaste metoden för att avbryta en bruteforce-attackmot protokollet är att automatiskt byta ut PIN-koden då en attack upptäcks..

The management of information is a significant competitiveness in companies. Companies stored and save information every day, and it is very common to save de information in different sources. This makes de management of information complex. To mange, monitor and analyze the information, companies can use a system called Business Intelligence. BI system is an analytical system that extracts and converts data into useful information that helps employees to make informed decisions.

Theft without break-ins has increased significantly in the last year of swimming, sports and leisure facilities in Karlskrona, more precisely 60%. Vandalism in the shape of graffiti is another common crime. The solutions are divided into social and situational crime prevention. Social crime prevention engage in actions that are based on social causes of crime rather than the opposite situational crime prevention, which instead assumes that discourage with the help of technical solutions and has as primary objective to hinder accessibility for example theft friendly goods. The main purpose of this work is to come up with solutions to prevent these crimes, while also being cost-effective and realistic to implement. The work is important in that it creates safety awareness and promotes a healthy safety culture. Moreover, the future goal is to lower these statistics. The goal of the work is in addition to developing our knowledge of crime subject, was also to provide help and solutions for our clients.

Patienter med trycksår lider av både fysisk och psykisk ohälsa. Många av dem är oftast äldre, stillasittande och kanske även undernärda. Författarna ville undersöka hur trycksår kunde förhindras samt läka bättre. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka betydelsen av korrekt riskbedömning för trycksår så att preventiva åtgärder sätts in i rätt tid. Vidare var författarna intresserade av hur en adekvat näringstillförsel inverkar på sårläkningsprocessen.

This paper discuss the possibilities to improve the Swedish political nomination system. It brings up some of the values and norms that can be used to change the existing system. Values as openness, the demand of responsibility and also if there is values from the American spoils system that can be used in the Swedish system. A minor purpose is to discuss the part of the parliament within the nomination process. To investigate this I have some theoretical starting points and a self constructed analysis tool.

Human-computer interaction is central for computer assisted development. The aim was to investigate the user experience of a new (U2) compared to an old (U1) computer system, within a cognitive psychology frame of reference. Six subjects, frequently using the system, participated in the study. It was shown that the new (U2) compared to the old system (U1) enhanced and supported more the users? system related procedures/tasks.

Bakgrund: Självmord är ett existentiellt problem och varje självmordshandling är ett rop på hjälp. Det är drygt en miljon människor, som begår självmord varje år över hela världen, men det är tio gånger fler som försöker ta sitt liv. Uppskattningsvis dör 1500 personer varje år till följd av självmord i Sverige. En del av dessa personer har varit i kontakt med vården under sin sista månad i livet på grund av självmordsproblematik. Syftet: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans preventionsåtgärder i omvårdnaden av personer med självmordsrisk.Metod: En litteraturstudie som baseras på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar som består av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa studier.