On the behalf of the European commission suggestions were made on how to increase the usage of public transportation in cities in Europe. A suggestion on how to make public transportation more popular was to use more emotions when marketing public transportation. However, according to theory emotional marketing is best suited for products that have a more hedonic character which public transportation does not usually have. The aim of this report was to investigate if emotional marketing could have a more positive effect on the attitude toward public transportation than less emotional marketing. Ads for the metro in Stockholm were made and it was tested to what degree they conveyed positive emotions.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan subglottalt tryck och ljudtrycksnivå, och undersöka inverkan av kön och tonhöjd. Röststyrkan är starkt beroende av subglottalt tryck och sambandet har analyserats i ett flertal studier, som alla visar på ett linjärt förhållande mellan logaritmen av subglottala trycket och ljudtrycksnivån (SPL). Schutte (1980) analyserade sambandet för 21 kvinnor och  24 män som producerade ett stort antal mätdata med olika SPL och tonhöjd. Tryck mättes med ballong i esofagus. Tanaka & Gould (1982) analyserade 4 kvinnor och 6 män på tre ljudnivåer på bekväm tonhöjd; svag, normal och stark ljudstyrka.

The purpose of this study is to find out how teachers in preschool interact with children.By unstructured observations of teachers in preschool I intend to find out how they interact with children. Is it possible to see that the operation is built on guided interaction speciality?Positive interaction between adults and children is of importance to a good childhood and a child?s learning. I have asked myself how teachers interact with children in preschool. There are different ways of interaction.

AimThe aim of this study was to find out how the research that has changed CPR training developed from a historical perspective. The question at issue was: When the recommendations for chest compressions/ventilation, defibrillator and education have been changed, what kind of research led to the development?MethodTo fulfill the aim of this study we chose a review process. First we read the international guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) published by the American Heart Association (AHA), from year 1980 until year 2010. Secondly we chose the most important changes that had been made within the issues we had selected, then we examined the research that had supported these issues.

All over the world, scientists agree that to succeed with a conservation project, it is important to have a good relationship with the local people. If they do not receive a good impression of the project, they will not be willing to collaborate and the project will probably fail. According to previous studies, there are different factors affecting attitudes to conservation, like the level of education of the participant. Many studies have shown that the higher education the people have, the more positive attitude they have to adjacent conservation areas. Economical factors are also important, it is often stated that having more money results in a better attitude.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Whole fat versus low-fat dairy products for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review.Author: Josefine Lindqvist, Robin Järnmark, Mathilde OhlinSupervisor: Mette AxelsenExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2014-04-09BackgroundResearch indicates that dairy products seems to have a protective impact on the incidence of cardiovascular disease regardless fat content. Paradoxically the Nordic nutrition recommendations recommend an exchange of full fat dairy product to low-fat dairy products.ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to investigate whether the variation in fat content of dairy products have any bearing on the onset of cardiovascular disease. With regard to common risk markers for cardiovascular disease the outcome measures hypertension, hyperlipidemia and weight gain is examined.Search strategyThe searches were made in the databases Medline (23/1-14) and Scopus (6/2-14).Selection criteriaRestrictions: Human Studies, Adults, Randomized Controlled Trials, English.Data collection and analysisTwo RCTs were included. Validation of the separate studies was performed with SBU's review template for individual studies and GRADE was used for summarizing the evidence of outcome measuresMain resultsThe two included studies examined the outcome measures blood pressure, weight and blood lipids.

Energy efficiency is important both to reduce costs and to reduce greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. In Sweden 40 percent of the energy consumption is related to the buildings sector. Hospitals are complex buildings with different activities in the same building, which requires flexible technical systems for ventilation, heating and lightning. A quarter of the total energy consumption in Swedish hospitals is related to user activities in the hospitals. Therefore it is not only important to work with operational optimization but also to change user activities, to reduce energy consumption.The objective of this thesis was to examine the user-related energy efficiency work at two care units, at the central hospital in Sundsvall within Västernorrlands County.

A majority of Swedish consumers have a positive attitude towards organic production and the number of organic products on the market is increasing. Despite these positive trends, there are still relatively few consumers who choose to buy organic produced products. According to statistics, only 3% of the total sales of food consist of organic products. The aim with this essay is to understand what is needed, both from the grocery store and the consumer's point of view, to increase the consumption of organic food. Information has been collected partly through questionnaire with consumers and partly through analysis of sales statistics for a selected numbers of products. Then the empirical material have been analysed in the light of a combination of the Behavioural Perspective Model (Foxell, 1997) and Kotler's Four P:s (Kotler, 2002). Consumer's willingness to buy organic products is influenced by a number of different factors. One important thing is if the grocery store offers a behaviour setting that stimulates the consumers positive attitude and facilitates their possibilities to collect new information. Furthermore, the store needs to offer a broad and well-visualised selection of organic products.

Hoten om klimatförändringar och global uppvärmning blir allt mer påtagliga och kraftiga åtgärder måste till. Genom att låta den offentliga sektorn föregå med gott exempel hoppas världens ledare att resurs- och energieffektiviserande arbete ska bli en självklar del för alla världens företag. På uppdrag av Östra Smålands Kommunalteknikförbund har därför potentialen för energieffektivisering undersökts i ett dagcenter i Hultsfred, Småland, med fokus på ventilation och belysning. Med en metod som bland annat innefattade att studera ritningar och statistik, intervjuer med fastighetsskötare samt flertalet platsbesök, har energianvändningen analyserats. För byggnaden i allmänhet och dessa båda system i synnerhet och förslag på tekniska lösningar för att minska förbrukningen av värme och el har tagits fram.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of being a homosexual immigrant in the Swedish society. Our questions were how the interviewed homosexual immigrants experience being treated by the people in their surroundings and how they are influenced by their attitudes. We also wanted to know what kind of thoughts they have about affiliation considering origin and sexuality, and what positive and negative aspects they experience from the combination of being both homosexual and immigrants.To get the answers to these questions we used a qualitative method and interviewed seven homosexual immigrants between the ages of 25 and 40 years. We then compared our material with earlier studies of the living situation of homosexual immigrants in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. We also linked our findings to Goffman's stigma theory and to heteronormativity.The main result was that the combination of homosexuality and immigrantness can result in various difficulties.

The purpose of the present study was to get further knowledge about the relationship between transformative and transactional leadership in the context of employee ?s well-being, as well as the relationship between the components of respectively leadership and employee?s well-being. The study also aims to gain knowledge about previous research on the transformational and transactional leadership and employee well-being and if it?s applicable in the Swedish culture. The few studies that studied the relationship between transactional leadership and the well-being of employees have found a negative relationship or found no relationship at all.

Det är svårt att förutse om det finns risk för brandgasspridning via ett ventilationssystem och det krävs ofta analytisk dimensionering för att verifiera ett fullgott brandskydd. Idag används olika simuleringsprogram för att verifiera ventilationsbrandskyddet. FDS är ett simuleringsprogram som genom utgåva sex kommit med en tilläggsfunktion, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) där naturlig- och mekanisk ventilation kan simuleras med hjälp av ett system byggt av noder (nodes) och kanaler (ducts). Funktionen tillåter även att läckage simuleras på ett beräkningstekniskt stabilare sätt än i tidigare versioner. HVAC- funktionen är indirekt kopplad till de övriga CFD- beräkningar i FDS för att inte behöva gridcellsindela systemet vilket hade krävt betydligt mer datorkapacitet.

Karlstads Energi AB:s vågstation vid Hedenverket i Karlstad är en anläggning där invägning och analys av träbränsle utförs. Provtagning och hantering av träbränsle hör till de dagliga arbetsuppgifterna för personalen. Vid nära hantering av trämaterial finns risken att exponeras för trämögelsporer. Exponering av mikrobiologiska luftföroreningar kan orsaka hälsobesvär på lungor och luftvägar hos människor.Efter utförd riskbedömning av vågstationen noterades en oro att trämögelsporer och dammpartiklar sprids bortom lokalen för provtagning av träbränsle till andra utrymmen. Bedömningen talar för att ventilationen kanske är bristfällig och inte är anpassad för den aktuella verksamheten.

In Sweden, grass is the single largest crop grown. Nearly 1 000 000 Ha grows on the fields, this is primarily used as feed for livestock. To get a good seed, you need to handle the crop carefully from planting to delivery. The part that I have been interested in, is how to dry the harvested seed with out destroying the growth in the small seed. This is very easily done if you aren?t careful during the drying period.

In 1994 the EU directive of packaging waste was adopted. The result was that all EU member states developed different systems to manage packaging waste and recycling. This paper examines the various systems and the factors that affect the level of recycling. This is done by a cross-sectional study between countries. The results of my study suggest that take-back system generates less recycling than other systems, the mandatory deposit system can affect the recycling in a positive way.