The determination of the optical properties of biological tissue is an important issue in laser medicine. The optical properties define the tissue´s absorption and scattering behaviour, and can be expressed by quantities such as the albedo, the optical thickness and the anisotropy coefficient. During this project, a measurement system for the determination of the optical properties was built up. The system consists of a double integrating sphere set-up to perform the necessary reflection and transmission measurements, and a computer algorithm to calculate the optical properties from the measured data. This algorithm is called Inverse Adding Doubling method, and is based on a one-dimensional transport model.

Animals can be ill and need veterinary care for many reasons. The conditions can be more or less emergent, some can even be life-threatening. When an animal is in a life-threatening condition you can save the animals life just by having the right equipment near-by and ready to be used. This literature-study help you, as an active working veterinary nurse, with which these conditions are that can show up in your emergency ward and what you should have near-by to give animals with acute life-threatening conditions the care they need. The author also looked at work tasks at the emergency ward and found out that in Sweden it is not defined who can and/or should execute them. Interviews were also done with nine of the largest small-animal hospitals in Sweden to compare the studies found with the Swedish emergency wards.

The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a mindfulness- and acceptance-based smoking cessation program in group (MRG). MRG was developed into an intervention consisting of 6 group sessions during 35 days including individual homework assignments. 8 of 10 participants completed the program. In order to evaluate the effect of MRG a quasi-experimental design with pretest and double posttest (second posttest at 1 month) was chosen. At second posttest, 50 percent (of 8 completers) were non-smokers, and the rest showed a decrease in smoking at a rate between 45 and 75 percent.

BACKGROUND: Exercise on Prescription (EoP) means that a doctor writes out a customized form of exercise to the patient instead of medicine, or in combination with medication. The activity becomes a part of the treatment. Since many today do not follow recommendations for physical activity occurs in the long term a number of public health diseases. EoP promotes health and prevents disease. AIM: The aim of this paper is toexamine whether EoP from a patient perspective perceived to be an efficient and effective method of treatment.

The purpose of this study was to find out what are the information needs of the nurses and if the hospital library can satisfy these needs, and see how the hospital library reaches the nurses with their information provision. The main questions are: what kinds of service exist at the hospital library? What kinds of needs have the nurses concerning the hospital library? How are the needs satisfied by the hospital library? What marketing strategies are used by the hospital library to reach out to the nurses? Is it enough to achieve the goal? The method in this study was a case study with the emphasis on the qualitative interviews. The study was conducted at the hospital library at Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus in Borås. The interviews concerned the nurses views on the hospital library, information needs and marketing.

Föreliggande arbete utfördes i Helsingborg. Forskningsansatsen var en kartläggning av vården hos målgruppen personer med diagnosen allvarlig psykisk störning dömda till rättspsykiatrisk vård. Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva patienternas och personalens syn på vårdkvaliteten vid en rättspsykiatrisk öppenvårdsmottagning genom att utgå från patienternas uppfattning. Sammanlagt 26 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med båda grupperna samt fem intervjuer med personal inom socialförvaltningen. Resultaten visar på god samstämmighet och höga skattningar av rättspsykiatrisk personal och patienter där personalen genomsnittligen skattat något högre än patienterna.

Bakgrund: Medicintekniken blir bara mer avancerad för vart år. Sjuksköterskan använder medicintekniken dagligen i omvårdnaden. Patienten är ett subjekt, vilket betyder att den är mer än en kropp. Medicintekniken kan när den används på fel sätt av sjuksköterskan, ändra synen på patienten och göra den till ett objekt.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av hur det är att arbeta med medicinteknik i omvårdnaden och hur sjuksköterskan anser att medicintekniken inverkar på omvårdnaden.Metod: Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Data samlades in genom intervjuer med sju sjuksköterskor som arbetade på akutmottagningen.Resultat: I analysen skapades olika kategorier: Omvårdnadskompetens, krav, kvalité, förhållningssätt och omvårdnadsfokus.Konklusion: Sjuksköterskan är beroende av medicintekniken för att omvårdnaden ska fungera.

1995 startade medlemmar ur Swedish Oral Medicine Society tillsammans med Institutionen förData och Informationsteknik på Chalmers tekniska högskola projektet MedView. Projektets syfte äratt utveckla modeller, metoder och datorbaserade verktyg för att stödja kliniker i deras dagligaarbete och forskning. 2005 lanserades webbcommunityn SOMWeb och projektet gick in i sin andrafas med fokus på nätbaserad kunskapshantering. Den virtuella mötesplatsen togs emot väl och detbeslutades att satsa vidare på ökad funktionalitet via Internet.Denna rapport beskriver utvecklingen av en webbapplikation som möjliggör åtkomst av denmedicinska bilddatabas som byggts upp under MedView-projektet. Som utgångspunkt förapplikationens funktionalitet och innehåll står skrivbordsapplikationen MedImager.

Cardiac arrhythmias and heart diseases can result in a limited performance capacity which could lead to anxiety and depression. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of depression among patients with cardiac arrhythmias. The intention was also to explore differences between men and women in the occurrence of symptoms of depression. Furthermore, the prevalence of symptoms of depression among patients with cardiac arrhythmias was compared with a Swedish general population. Method: For two weeks MADRS-S, a self-rating scale for depression, were distributed at a medicine ward where patients with cardiac arrhythmias are treated, at a hospital in Sweden.

The aim of the study has been to investigate physiotherapists? view on a new method of treatment in physiotherapy. In this case we have studied Whole Body Vibration training as an example of a new method of treatment. Semistructured interviews were performed with five physiotherapists. The study was carried out as a qualitative content analysis study.

Hemoglobin is an oxygen binding protein in erythrocytes. Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide chains. During the fetal stage the type of hemoglobin called fetal hemoglobin (HbF) dominates. After birth HbF is replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA). HbF persists in concentrations less than 1%.

Results from previous studies have shown that people with depression tend to have impaired executive functions, although it's not clear whether this is also true for mild depression in young people. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mild depressive symptoms and executive functions in young individuals. 60 participants, between 18-33 years of age, took part in this study. They were divided into two groups; a "depressed group" (n = 8), with mildly depressed subjects, and a "none-depressed group" (n = 52). The depressed group was significantly impaired on several executive tests, namely TMT A (p = 0,025), TMT B (p = 0,040), FAS (p = 0,002), WAIS-R Digit Span Backwards (p = 0,047) and CWTa - subtest colour naming (p = 0,001), which evaluated abilities such as shifting, verbal fluency, working memory, attention and mental flexibility.

Veterinary hospital care and advanced veterinary services are rapidly growing industries. As of January 1, 2010, veterinary nursing became a licensed vocation, the title of veterinary nurse became protected, and the act regulating competence among the professions of the veterinary field was extended. These changes, along with increased demands and expectations from owners, have given rise to greater demands on the staff's qualifications and have increased the need for well-educated staff with expertise in several different areas. The aim of this study was to find out what the licensed veterinary nurse can do in terms of rehabilitation for the hospitalized equine patient suffering from orthopedic injury. This has been carried out through qualitative interviews with veterinary surgeons experienced in treating such patients, and also by reviewing the relevant literature.

Att arbeta evidensbaserat innefattar både ett förhållningssätt och en process, vilket ställer krav på den enskilde arbetsterapeuten att kontinuerligt ompröva olika arbetsmetoder. Syftet med denna uppsats var att belysa arbetsterapeuters kunskap om och attityd till evidensbaserad praxis. Vidare att undersöka vilka hinder som angavs och förslag till lösning av eventuella hinder för att arbeta evidensbaserat. Metoden litteraturstudie användes och artiklarna valdes utifrån systematisk litteratursökning. Tio artiklar, publicerade 2000-2005, från fyra olika länder granskades avseende olika aspekter av evidensbaserad praxis.

AbstractPurpose/Aim: The aim of this essay is to paint a picture of science news reporting in the Swedish Public Service science programme, vetenskaps-radion. Key issues to be adressed are: What areas in science are prioritised? How much of the total broadcast time are devoted to each area? Are there any differences in reporting between weeks? How well does the swedish science radio match common interets? Are the news in the form of short ?soundbites? or are they more lengthy in-depth?Material/Method: Quantitative analysis of radio programmes. The variables used are based on the different major areas in natural sciences.Main results: This study shows that most broadcast time is devoted to news regarding biology and medicine and that the news rather are in the form of short snippets of news than more lengty in-depth stories. This is put in light of how journalistes tend to present news and that the subjects involved has to relate to peoples everyday lives.