En operation framkallar en icke önskvärd fysiologisk reaktion hos patienten som benämns som kroppens stressvar. Stressvaret innebär att sympatiska nervsystemet aktiveras och att endokrina ändringar erhålls, bland annat minskning i sekretionen av TSH och insulin samt ökning i sekretionen av ACTH, kortisol och ADH. En viktig uppgift för en veterinär är att välja premedicineringsläkemedel innan en operation. Premedicineringsläkemedel har som främsta uppgifter att motverka det perioperativa stressvaret hos djuret, minska smärta och förstärka anestesimedlens effekt. Syftet med det här arbetet är att beskriva vad som händer i kroppen vid ett perioperativt stressvar och hur svaret kan motverkas med hjälp av premedicineringsläkemedel. Premedicineringsläkemedel väljs och kombineras från klasserna sedativa, analgetika och antikolinergika. De vanligaste använda sederande läkemedlen på svenska veterinärkliniker är dopaminantagonisten acepromazin och alfa2-agonisten medetomidin.

The eutrophication of inshore seas, lakes and watercourses is mainly due to leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) from agriculture. Many efforts are made to reduce the lea-kage of phosphorus in Sweden and the Baltic Sea countries. Phosphorus is also a finite resource and the mining of good quality raw material gets more and more difficult. Se-dimentation dams in combination with filters is one relatively new method to separate P from run-off and drainage water from agricultural land. This study was a part of an IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute?s project which tests the capacity and func-tion for separation of phosphorus in four phosphorus filters.

Meat and fish was the most important food for the Sami people in northern Scandinavia until the beginning of the 20th century. It is not so well known that the Sami people also used a lot of wild plants as food and medicine although that kind of food was relatively common among them until the end of the 19th century. The purpose of this master thesis has been to describe which plants the Sami people used in general and also which plants were the most commonly used, and when and how these plants were harvested. I also wanted to measure the quantities of Angelica archangelica and Rumex acestosa within traditional harvest sites. Furthermore I wanted to find out if the plant use differed among Sami groups geographically.

Background: Myocardial infarction is the most common individual disease among people in the west world. In Sweden there are over 50 000 women and men who get myocardial infarction every year and about 40 % of them dies. Exercise training is one part of cardiac rehabilitation and since 1980 Sweden use the guidelines from that time. Aim: The aim was to review exercise-training modalities in cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction and the physiologic- and psychological effects. Method: Facts were obtained by searching through the database PubMed for articles published from 1994 and ten years forward.

En operation framkallar en icke önskvärd fysiologisk reaktion hos patienten som benämns som kroppens stressvar. Stressvaret innebär att sympatiska nervsystemet aktiveras och att endokrina ändringar erhålls, bland annat minskning i sekretionen av TSH och insulin samt ökning i sekretionen av ACTH, kortisol och ADH. En viktig uppgift för en veterinär är att välja premedicineringsläkemedel innan en operation. Premedicineringsläkemedel har som främsta uppgifter att motverka det perioperativa stressvaret hos djuret, minska smärta och förstärka anestesimedlens effekt. Syftet med det här arbetet är att beskriva vad som händer i kroppen vid ett perioperativt stressvar och hur svaret kan motverkas med hjälp av premedicineringsläkemedel. Premedicineringsläkemedel väljs och kombineras från klasserna sedativa, analgetika och antikolinergika. De vanligaste använda sederande läkemedlen på svenska veterinärkliniker är dopaminantagonisten acepromazin och alfa2-agonisten medetomidin.

This paper aims to examine how and to what extent, a transition of Sweden according to the principles of Omställning Sverige (Transition towns Sweden), have the potential to contribute to a society with increased happiness.The paper is based on a qualitative textual analysis of the key texts in the Swedish Transition towns movement, Omställning Sverige. In the first part of the study the most important transition principles of Omställning Sverige were identified. Four key principles emerged: An altered view of economics, a spiritual change, a stronger local community and increased awareness. These transition principles were then analyzed through the lens of the scientific fields position on happiness, followed by a summarizing conclusion.The altered view of economics which Omställning Sverige advocates, where sustainability and quality of life are priorities over economic growth, is even necessary to secure our basic physiological needs. Such an economy has also improved conditions for economic stability, high employment and higher efficiency in the sense of happiness promoted in relationship to how many natural resources are used.

This report is the result of a thesis performed at Westermo Industrial Ltd with its headquarters in Stora Sundby and it sums up the author's studies for University Engineering in Innovation, Production and Logistics at Mälardalen University.The main goal of the thesis was to identify problems and suggest actions that lead to the reduction of the repair time from 3 weeks to 2 weeks. The key questions that were answered in order to achieve the thesis objectives are: What are the biggest challenges that make the repair process time last for 3 weeks? What are the necessary means and measures in order to reduce the repair length to 2 weeks? The author adjusted the work to the Swedish repairs, repair issues that arise from sell unit Westermo Data Communications AB with its office in Västerås and performed the status report by mapping the repair process, through using observations, interviews and bibliography research studies. A flow map of four sub-processes (Inbound Delivery, BackOffice, Repair Department, and Logistics) was made and each section was observed, where also the employees were interviewed. Data that has been collected was analysed by the author and the decision to execute a workshop that affects Repair Department and Logistics was made.

Introduktion: Sverige har näst högst insjuknande i diabetes typ 1 bland barn och ungdomar i världen. 7000 barn har diabetes i Sverige och varje år insjuknar 700 individer mellan 0-14 år, där 11-14 åringar är överrepresenterade. Som blivande sjuksköterskor kommer vi att möta dessa patienter när de är tonåringar, såväl som när de når vuxen ålder. Vi anser det därför vara viktigt att få kunskap om hur de upplever det att leva med diabetes typ 1. Bakgrund: Att få diagnosen diabetes typ 1 innebär ett behov av insulin under resten av livet.

This paper aims to examine how and to what extent, a transition of Sweden according to the principles of Omställning Sverige (Transition towns Sweden), have the potential to contribute to a society with increased happiness.The paper is based on a qualitative textual analysis of the key texts in the Swedish Transition towns movement, Omställning Sverige. In the first part of the study the most important transition principles of Omställning Sverige were identified. Four key principles emerged: An altered view of economics, a spiritual change, a stronger local community and increased awareness. These transition principles were then analyzed through the lens of the scientific fields position on happiness, followed by a summarizing conclusion.The altered view of economics which Omställning Sverige advocates, where sustainability and quality of life are priorities over economic growth, is even necessary to secure our basic physiological needs. Such an economy has also improved conditions for economic stability, high employment and higher efficiency in the sense of happiness promoted in relationship to how many natural resources are used.

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) it?s a clinical condition that includes obesity, regional adiposity, insulin resistance (IR) and laminitis. A similar syndrome exists in human medi-cine, the metabolic syndrome (MS), were systemic hypertension also is a prominent fea-ture. The systemic hypertension seen in humans with MS is partly due to a vascular endo-thelial dysfunction with an enhanced endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediated vasoconstriction. There are indications that systemic hypertension might be a feature in EMS as well but if ET-1 is involved in the development of the systemic hypertension in horses is not known.

This study examines whether or not there are inherit flaws in Swedish legislation concerning psychiatric institutional care, or in the application of the act, which might lead to the failure of rule of law for the private citizen. Law (1991:1128) concerning psychiatric institutional care in certain instances (LPIC) aims to establish rules which will ensure rule of law for the mentally ill in case of psychiatric institutional care. Despite this, there are legal cases which indicate that these rules, and their implications, are not always considered at the psychiatric wards.The questions at issues which this study aims to answer are thus: Are there any deficiencies concerning rule of law in LPIC 2?3 §§, 4?6 §§, 7?10 §§,15?25 §§ and 32?33 §§ ? This section focuses on LPIC and its design. Whether or not the act adheres to rule of law is examined through a definition which has evolved through discussions of concept based in Peczeniks definition of rule of law.

The idea of using algae in different areas and exploring its possibilities is nothing new. Already in the early 1950s microalgae was explored as a possible food resource because of its high protein content. Lately there has been an increased interest in its potential for industrial use. Wastewater treatment is a possible use of algae since the algae grow well on the nutrients present in the water. This offers the possibility to grow algae for nutrient reduction and use the biomass for energy or animal feed since many alga species has a good nutritional value. Approximately 800-1000 m3 water is applied per 1000 m2 of greenhouse area during one season in a tomato production.

Horse owner?s knowledge about horse feeding and nutrition is directly linked to the horse?s health and welfare. According to several studies, both Swedish and foreign, horse owners generally have inadequate knowledge about horse feeding. The housing systems and feeding routines of today differs in many ways from what horses have adapted to through evolution. Wild horses live in harem herds and roam on large open fields, spending about 60 % of the day grazing, mainly grass and herbs.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment Of Internal Medicine And Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: The effect of CLA on body weight and body fat amongst overweight and obese.Author: Sierra De Goldsmith and Amanda EgebergSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgram: Dietician study program 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 12, 2012Background: Overweight and obesity represents a global problem as it is accompanied by an accumulation of body fat which increases the risk of developing diseases such as diabetes type 2, insulin resistance, cardio vascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Moreover, the prevalence is increasing worldwide. Many consider it difficult to reach a normal weight using only methods such as changing dietary- and exercise habits, this creating a market for products that facilitate weight loss and loss of body fat. The supplement of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is such a product. In animal studies, CLA has demonstrated a reduction in both body fat and weight.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ I är en autoimmun sjukdom som innebär att bukspottkörtelns insulinproducerande celler är skadade. Det medför att insulinproduktionen upphör, vilket leder till en kronisk hyperglykemi. En hög eller låg glukoshalt i blodet kan resultera i akuta och/eller framtida komplikationer vilket medför en strävan efter god metabol kontroll. Vid diabetes utgör egenvård den största delen av behandlingen. Att ha kunskap om sin sjukdom och dess medicinska behandling, om kost, motion samt att kunna utföra egenkontroller av blodglukos och administrering av insulin är grunden i egenvården och för att uppnå denna kunskap krävs patientutbildning.