The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.

This study examines how the stock prices are affected when articles, which negatively describe the companies? incentive programs, are published. According to the efficient market hypothesis, only new information should have an effect on the stock price. Furthermore, this study aims to examine whether this reaction is dependent of the economic climate. During the period of September 2005 to September 2009, stock price data was collected from the NasdaqOMX stock exchange and 75 articles were gathered from leading Swedish newspapers.

The thesis is aiming to investigate what happens in the customer-service worker interaction when the service worker is wearing religious attributes. In order to operationalize this the Muslim head scarf, hijab, is chosen as stimuli. Reviewing previous research and theory in this field, it is clear that people have a preference for people that they perceive to be like themselves, this is referred to as homophily. Further on, the study investigates the ethnicity dimension of the service worker customer interaction. Theoretical areas of attractiveness and color are also investigated.

The purpose of this study is to examine the expiration day effect on a stocks volatility due to stock option expiration, which is every third Friday in the month on Stockholm stock exchange. Volatility is the standard deviation of a stock. It measures the uncertainty about a stocks future movement. When volatility increases, the chance or probability of a stock going up or down increases. It?s a common rumor among stock traders that stock volatility tends to increase nearby expiration day.

Automatic milking systems (AMS) provide the opportunity for less manual labour and an increased milking frequency. But in order to reach an optimal milking frequency a well-functioning cow traffic is crucial. There are many factors affecting cow traffic but one factor that has not been studied thoroughly yet is the effect of different light intensities during the night, 22.00 h to 05.00 h. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different light intensities during the night on number of selection gate passages (GP), milking frequency and milk yield. The study was conducted as a Latin square were three light intensities were applied: LOW (11 ± 3 lux), INT (33 ± 1 lux) and HIGH (74 ± 6 lux), in three different herds.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka huruvida utsattheten för ?sunk cost-effect? och förankringseffekten ökade vid intuitivt processande jämfört med analytiskt processande. Deltagarna i studien var 78 studedenter vid psykologiska institutionen vid Göteborgs Universitet. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom en pappersenkät. En 2 × 2 - vägs ANOVA avseende bias och process gjordes för både ?sunk cost effect? och förankringseffekten i en mellanindividdesign.

This quantitative study aims to investigate whether there is a difference in the effect of the policy rate on the price per square meter for condominiums between small and large cities in Sweden. The study encompasses a total of seven Swedish municipalities, of which three located in large cities and four in small cities. Data regarding housing sales and additional variables have been collected for all municipalities, and the price per square meter is the dependent variable in the regressions performed on the dataset, which constitutes the empirical basis of the study. The aim is further to contribute to an increased understanding of how the effect of the policy rate might differ between Swedish cities and why. The results of the study show significant differences in how the policy rate affects the price per square meter in a small city compared to a large city, with the effect being greater in the latter.

Bakgrunden visar att stroke idag klassas som en folksjukdom och att svårigheterna som följer är såväl motoriska som kognitiva. Arbetsterapeuter har en central roll i rehabiliteringen och en del i deras arbete är att bedöma de kognitiva funktionsnedsättningarna. Det är av vikt att de instrument som används vid bedömning är utvärderade för patientgruppen och har bevisats lämpliga genom psykometriska bedömningar. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka psykometriska egenskaper som testats och utvärderats för arbetsterapeutiska instrument vid bedömning av kognitiva svårigheter hos personer efter stroke, från år 2009 och framåt. Metoden som användes var en systematisk litteraturöversikt och tio vetenskapliga studier låg till grund för resultatet.

In recent years cognitive training in order to improve cognitive abilities have becomeincreasingly popular and a lot of research has been conducted within this field. The natural agingprocess has a negative effect on many of our cognitive abilities and this relationship also has a strongconnection with hearing loss. Elderly with hearing loss is therefore a group that could benefit fromcognitive training. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate different types of cognitivetraining directed towards working memory in older adults and to examine the results observedregarding efficacy of this type of training and its transfer effect. Method: A literature reviewconsisting of 17 scientific articles published between 2005-2014.

Sjukvården är idag utsatt för många organisationsförändringar och effektiviseringar. Tillgängliga resurser ska utnyttjas på bästa sätt samtidigt som kvaliteten ska upprätthållas. Vården behöver då metoder och instrument för att kunna följa upp verksamheten. Dessa instrument ska ge en beskrivning av vilka resurser de olika enheterna behöver för att kunna ge rätt sorts vård och samtidigt vara kostnadseffektiv. Det finns olika instrument och metoder för att samla in fakta och analysera data, som kan ge en fingervisning om hur mycket personal och vilken organisation som bäst gynnar vården.

This essay aims to examine how the synthetic non-human subjects, EDI and Legion, are constituted in terms of their bodies, gender, desire and emotion, in the gaming series Mass Effect. In a close-gaming method I also want to explore in which way the gamer can effect or even change the expressions of the body, gen­der, desire, and emotion made by the synthetic non-human subjects. In order to do this I use Judith Butlers and Sara Ahmeds queer theory, and Donna Haraways cyborg feminism. I concluded that EDI em­braces her embodiments and is given a highly sexualized female body, being more of a woman than a machine. While Legion is rather embracing disembodiment and is given a non sexualized, androgynous male body, be­ing more of a machine than a man.

Bakgrund och problem: 13 oktober 2008 gjordes ändringar i IAS 39 Finansiella instrument:Redovisning och värdering samt IFRS 7 Finansiella instrument: Upplysningar. Ändringarnabehandlar nya omklassificeringsmöjligheter för finansiella instrument som inte tidigare fannsoch vilka blivit aktuella i och med finanskrisen.Syfte: Att undersöka hur banker har tillämpat de nya omklassificeringsmöjligheterna ochvilka effekter detta har fått.Avgränsningar: Uppsatsen berör de fyra stora noterade svenska bankerna; Handelsbanken,Nordea, SEB samt Swedbank. Avgränsningen har gjorts med tanke på att banker har en storandel finansiella instrument och således borde var några utav dem som skulle kunna påverkasmest av ändringen.Metod: En studie gjordes av respektive banks årsredovisning för 2008. Det empiriskamaterialet analyserades sedan utifrån den teoretiska referensramen vilken utgörs av de delarav IAS 39 samt IFRS 7 som berör värdering av finansiella instrument, en redogörelse förverkligt värde kontra anskaffningsvärde samt en kort beskrivning av intressentteorin.Återkoppling: Tre av de fyra undersökta bankerna har valt att omklassificera, främst till följdav förändrade marknadsvillkor. Omklassificeringarna har i huvudsak skett från verkligt värdetill anskaffningsvärde.

Sammanfattning Titel: Värderingsproblematik vid finansiella instrument: En studie ur revisorns perspektiv.Författare: David Carlsson & Per-Johan ElertHandledare: Andreas JanssonKurs: Civilekonomuppsats 30 HP, VT 2011Seminariedatum: 31 majNyckelord: Revision, finansiella instrument, utan marknadsvärde, värdering.  Syfte: Vårt syfte är att belysa och skapa en förståelse för de problem som revisorerna själva anser finns vid värderingsprocessen av finansiella instrument. Vår ambition är att få fram nya aspekter på vad revisorerna anser vara svårt utöver det som litteraturen kring svårbedömda tillgångar tar upp. Metod: Vårt syfte är inte att göra några statistiska generaliseringar utan vi vill få fram vad revisorerna själva upplever vara svårt och fånga nyanserna bakom dessa svar. Därför kommer vi att i huvudsak använda oss av en deduktiv ansats med inslag av induktion. Teori: Teorikapitlet är uppdelat i fyra olika teman identifierade utifrån hur revisions- värderingsprocessen går till. Inom dessa teman har vi sedan tagit fram åtta stycken problemantaganden. Empirisk metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod där vi genom ett subjektivt urval genomfört semi-strukturerade intervjuer med nio respondenter. Syftet med intervjun var att se om våra problemantaganden stämde in med respondenternas åsikter samt att få fram nya problem som upplevs av respondenterna. Slutsats: Revisorer ställs inför en hel del problem i revisionsprocessen av finansiella instrument.

This pilot study examined whether treatment with Vortex Process Technology (VPT) of the irrigation water used on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants had any effect on plant growth. In a block experiment, with two blocks comprising 12 vases containing 1 L water and two tomato plantlets, treatment in which, nutrient solution was based on Vortex-treated water was compared with an control using untreated water. All vases were kept in a static aerated culture system in a daylight chamber for four weeks. The results showed that the effect of the two blocks exceeded the effect of vortex treatment in terms of leaf area and weight of fresh and dry matter. Plant height, stem width and internodal length were significantly different in tomato plants grown in Vortex-processed water compared with the untreated control.

The purpose of this study is, on one hand, to obtain an understanding of how children in municipal music- and culture schools choose instruments and what forms of recruitment methods they are subjected to, and on the other hand, how you can make them continue to play once they have begun.To acquire this information, I have interviewed five music teachers and two principals at municipal music- and culture schools in Värmland. The questions treated, among other things, what affects children?s instrument preferences, recruitment methods and what you can do to keep interest for the chosen instrument alive.The result of the study shows some apparent tendencies. Even though some of the instruments have trouble recruiting students and other instruments have trouble keeping them, the old methods, which obviously do not work in a satisfactory manner, are still being used. Instead, increased commitment at the occasion of recruitment, more group teaching which strengthens the social bonds through role models and a will to have the courage to change the organization when it does not work, is required..