Rapid population growth and the fact that phosphorous is a limited resource implies that the question regarding an efficient use of phosphorus is of great importance, and consequently,that the phosphorous use efficiency should be as high as possible. The view on phosphorous use efficiency, and how this is calculated, has varied over time. This has had great implications on what type of research that has been conducted, which have resulted in an inconsistency between the academic?s view on the subject and recommendations received by farmers. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the phosphorus use efficiency in the Swedish long term fertility experiments.

Thesis purpose The study aims to examine the effects vertical and horizontal line extensions might have on the total parent brand equity in terms of strength and its baseline product regarding of market share, loyalty and penetration under an elapsed period of time. The study aims to investigate a number of actual conducted line extensions effect on the above mentioned aspects of Kellers (1993) definition of brand strength as a part of the total brand equity. Methodology The effect of a number of line extensions of the parent brands and the baseline products is being examined in terms of market share, loyalty rate, cannibalization and market penetration. The thesis is focused on the correlations between these different parameters during a certain elapsed time ratio in order to test our theoretically routed hypothesizes in a deductive manner. Occasional correlations are derived from an indexation of data collected from the Gfk database. Theoretical perspective The study is derived from Kapferers (2004) definition of brand equity, where he is dividing the concept into three parts. This study is focused on Brand strength in particular, which is one of the parameters in the above-mentioned theory.

Från och med 1/1 2005 ka börsnoterade koncerner i EU tillämpa IFRS. Detta innebär bland annat att finansiella tillgångar och vissa finansiella skulder numera ska värderas till verkligt värde.Promemorians syfte är att studera förändringarna i finanisella tillgångar och skulder som påverkas av redovisningsprincipen IAS39, sett ur ett investerarperspektiv. Genom en kvalitativ fallsstudie undersöker vi IAS39 inverkan på nyckeltal för koncernen Ericsson.IAS39 har en negativ effekt på ROE på 0,3procentenheter, på ROCE 0,3 procentenheter och soliditeten påverkas negativt med 0,1 procentenheter både vid ÅRL och IFRS beräkning.Sett ur ett investerarperspektiv blir förändringen att värdet på en finansiell tillgång eller skuld blir mer rättvisande än värdering till anskaffningsvärde vilket ger en tydligare, mer transparent bild av bolagets finansiella instrument..

Approximately 4000-5000 hectares, of SCA´s forest land area in Västerbotten, are in need of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) every year. Within the management district, the areas annually treated with PCT must increase, in order to decrease the area with an urgent need for PCT. This can be done by employing more forest workers or entrepreneurs, by mechanized PCT or by an extended season for PCT. Positive experiences from a private forest owner, who started to carry out PCT when the first snow came and then continued for several months, gave an idea to investigate the possibilities to prolong the season of PCT. The purpose of this experiment was to compare PCT carried out when there was snow on the ground with PCT performed when there was no snow on the ground.

Vårt syfte med arbetet var att undersöka om läsning av skönlitteratur kan väcka en medvetenhet om och motverka mobbning. Vi valde att göra denna undersökning eftersom vi anser att skönlitteraturen är en outnyttjad resurs inom skolans undervisning och borde få en mer framträdande roll i undervisningen. Arbetet förankrades i skollagen, Läroplan för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet (Lpo 94), kursplanen för grundskolan i svenska och tidigare forskning. Undersökningen genomfördes i två klasser bestående av totalt 37 elever i år 4. Den metod vi använde oss av vid undersökningen var intervjuer.

The purpose of the thesis is to describe how environmental compensation is carried through when it comes to exploitation of Natura 2000. The thesis also relates to the three theories of planning synoptic, advocacy and transactive. Three cases of environmental compensation have been studied from three different countries where an exploitation of the Natura 2000 is done. Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands have all been working with environmental impact assessments as a demand to be able to carry through their projects. The projects concern the development of a railway track, an industry and a port which all have been approved by the EU-commission to carry on because of socioeconomic reasons.

The use of hallucinogenic plants has throughout human history been used for religiouspurposes, in order to induce mystical states of mind, often interpreted as meeting with godsand spirits. In recent years, this practice has been taken up by people interested in theexploration of their psyche and spiritual side. This group of people, referred to as?psychonauts?, communicate with each other through internet based forum, where theyshare their experiences in so called ?trip reports?. The aim of this study was to see whatrole psychedelic drugs can play when used in a spiritual/religious context, and whetherthese sorts of mystical states of mind could tell us about more traditional mysticalexperiences.

Background: Sweden is a country where vitamin D deficiency seems to be common, partly because of its geographical position, which reduces the availability of UVB radiation, but also that people avoid sunlight due to increased skin cancer risk. Research shows that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases such as cancer as well as autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases.Vitamin D is a fat soluble pre-hormone and a collective name for closely related compounds which act as hormones after undergoing a transformation in the body.Humans can utilize vitamin D through diet and produce it in the body by exposing the skin to the sun. Previous observational studies and epidemiological studies have established a hypothesis that there seems to be an association between vitamin D supplementation and reduction of depressive symptoms.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D supplements may decrease depressive symptoms.Methods: This work is organized as a literature review and article search is made in the database PubMed in January 2012. Keywords used were ?vitamin D and depression? and inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, be conducted on humans, written in English.

Under vårterminen 2011 har jag studerat hur ett verktyg påverkar en arbetsprocess. Från en idé har ett projekt vuxit fram och två ljudbanker för musikproduktion har producerats, detta har gjorts möjligt genom att jag har studerat digital ljudproduktion på Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, där intresset för det som blivit mitt kandidatarbete, har väckts till liv. Mitt kandidatarbete har resulterat i två ljudbanker, den ena banken har fokus på digitala trummor medan den andra har fokus på synthar. Slutreflektionen berättar hur denna process har gått tillväga, och hur resultatet blev. Jag för fram för- och nackdelar av arbete i Dune, hämtar fakta från kända producenter inom elektronisk musik och bedömer det resultat jag har får.

Vårt examensarbete handlar om läsförståelse, vad det kan innebära och hur det kan definieras. I samtal med två lärare och två specialpedagoger, på två olika skolor, försöker vi synliggöra de intervjuade lärarnas syn på läsförståelse. Vi undersöker också undervisningen; hur lärarna arbetar med läsförståelse i skolan, hur de stödjer barns läsförståelse, samt om det finns instrument för att bedöma barns läsförståelse. Studiens resultat visar att läsförståelse kan delas upp i två delar, avkodning och förståelse, och att avkodningen måste vara avklarad för att förståelse ska vara möjlig. Undersökningen visar också att elevernas läsförståelseprocess kan kan stödjas genom samtal om texter och genom att använda sig av elevernas förförståelse.

Syftet med denna studie var att belysa metoder som vårdpersonal kan använda sig av för att bedöma smärta hos personer med demens och vilka konsekvenser som detta medför. En litteraturstudie gjordes där 16 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. Resultatet visade att det finns smärtbedömningsinstrument tillgängliga som kan identifiera smärta hos personer med demens som inte själva verbalt kan beskriva sin smärta. Instrumenten innehöll beskrivningar av beteenden som kunde vara tecken på smärta. En del instrument innehöll förslag till interventioner som kunde utföras och utvärderas.

 The main purpose is to investigate the main fea-tures of the discourse in the social medias about the legal view on cimes and criminals.                                                The special questions that are investigated are:1)    What specific features characterize the discourse in the social medias?2)    What are the legal restrictions for the freedom of speech on the Internet?3)    What attitudes can you find among lawyers towards the discourse in the social medias?4)    Are there grounds for presuming that the discourse in the social medias can effect the judgement in a special case?         .

Syftet med studien var att beskriva bvc-sköterskors erfarenheter av pappasamtal och deras upplevelse av nyblivna fäders förändrade livssituation. Sex bvc-sköterskor intervjuades och resultatet visade att deras erfarenheter av pappasamtalet var goda. Dagens pappor beskrevs som engagerade och delaktiga i föräldraskapet, samtidigt som de kunde uppleva höga krav och att omställningen att bli förälder var stor. Bvc-sköterskorna upplevde inte nedstämdhet som vanligt förekommande men de var positivt inställda till ett instrument för att identifiera nedstämdhet och depression. Hinder i samtalen identifierades.

Introduction: We are facing an aging population, which means that the incidence of age related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, are expected to increase. In the current situation there is no cure for the disease, whereupon it is important to develop preventive strategies. Objective: To examine the association between Alzheimer's disease and physical activity. Method: A systematic literature search was done to identify the current state of knowledge from the year 2006 onwards. The reason for this limitation was that the SBU commissioned a systematic literature review in 2006, where the relationship between physical activity and Alzheimer's disease could not be determined.

Thesis purposeThe study aims to examine the effects vertical and horizontal line extensions might have on the total parent brand equity in terms of strength and its baseline product regarding of market share, loyalty and penetration under an elapsed period of time. The study aims to investigate a number of actual conducted line extensions effect on the above mentioned aspects of Kellers (1993) definition of brand strength as a part of the total brand equity. MethodologyThe effect of a number of line extensions of the parent brands and the baseline products is being examined in terms of market share, loyalty rate, cannibalization and market penetration. The thesis is focused on the correlations between these different parameters during a certain elapsed time ratio in order to test our theoretically routed hypothesizes in a deductive manner. Occasional correlations are derived from an indexation of data collected from the Gfk database.