Despite the fast growing development of IP-telephony services, only a small number of people in Sweden use them. Of the total amount of fixed telephony subscriptions, maximally five percent are based on IP-technology. Through an exploratory study, the main purpose with this thesis is to identify factors that influence the use of IP-telephony on the consumer market, and the factors? internal relationships. The thesis also has two sub-purposes: firstly, chart the supply of IP-telephony services and secondly, discuss what IP-telephony services that are requested by today?s customers in the future.

Today's society is characterized by constant changes. In order to adapt to the development, organizations must continuously come up with Innovations and invest in new projects. As a result, the responsibility of organizations' leaders has increased. Parallel with this development, more and more firms incorporate mindfulness in the organizations, and many managers choose to practice mindfulness themselves. This case study is based on interviews with business leaders that have completed a course in mindfulness.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the theoretical developments on social entrepreneurship. Our purpose is to create a better understanding of the phenomenon leading to new insights. We have categorized the knowledge of the concept into social economy, social ownership, social innovation and social missions. Drawing from our theoretical review we have chosen four empirical illustrations, Grameen Bank, Wikipedia, Basta Arbetskooperativ, Jörn Hälsogemenskap, and we have shown how these fit into the general description of the social entrepreneur. With help of our illustrations we show that it is complicated to pin point the core of social entrepreneurship as they each have separate structures, Innovations, social missions and operate close to different sectors.

How do we match our education with the needs of the construction line of business and the requirementsof the Swedish National Agency for education? Is there something that we have to change?In this study I have asked our former students about their opinion of our education and I have also asked them to give me their view on what a good teacher is like. I have been able to benefit a lot from their answers in my efforts to be that good teacher. This survey took place at Facebook.The answers showed that we carry on a piece of solid workmanship. But you can always improve, try harder.

Ground construction has to a large extent been dominated by traditional meth-ods during the last 50 years. Although the construction has been changed meanwhile Innovations are not accepted. In collaboration with NCC Ltd Region South, I have examined a modern con-struction methodology that has been developed by NCC for future large pro-jects. The method is divided into two central phases. Phase 1 is? Single Pro-duction? which is a preliminary period for ground constructions to come.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how travel companies have adapted to a digital society and how they use the Internet as a marketing channel.Problem: How have current travel companies adapted to the development of the Internet and how do they use Internet as a marketing channel? Are there any differences in the marketing strategies of different types of travel companies and does the clientele have any impact on the selected marketing method?Method:  This study has been formed by a qualitative approach. Interviews have been conducted with employees at different travel companies across Sweden. The qualitative approach has been chosen to create a deeper understanding and give a broader knowledge to our study.Conclusion: Companies today use the Internet as one of their primary marketing channels, these are mainly websites and social media. The companies agree that aligning themselves after a digital society and new Innovations is key to compete in the market.

In a globalized world, competitiveness is based on the high IP (intellectual property) of our export products and Innovations are therefore important for new companies to establish and develop. It´s not enough to just have big international companies but it is also necessary to invest in new companies that can be competitive in the future. By helping entrepreneurs with innovation support in the early stages, new technology-based businesses are established and developed. The purpose of this paper was to examine how innovation support in the early stages affects the establishment and development of new technology-based companies. Furthermore, we investigated how this will affect Sweden's international competitiveness.

Att nya produkter är en betydande faktor för tillväxt i företagen och därmed även för tillväxt i länder och regioner kan idag betraktas som en vedertagen teori. Det är också många som menar att de små och medelstora företagen har ett övertag mot de stora när det gäller att utveckla idéer till säljbara produkter. Kanske beror det på de små företagens relativt goda flexibilitet, som kommer sig av deras enkla organisation, eller beror det på ntreprenörens nyfikenhet och vilja till förändring? Att en entreprenör behöver personliga kontakter som kan ge stöd, främst moraliskt men också ekonomiskt, är något som jag kommit fram till i det här arbetet. Ett litet företag som genomgår en Innovationsverksamhet har större möjligheter att överleva än ett företag som inte vill satsa på nya produkter, enligt min undersökning.

Denna uppsats behandlar första fasen i produktutvecklingsprocessen, det vill säga Fuzzy Front End (FFE). FFE är perioden från att det finns en möjlig idé och företaget anser att den är värd att utforska ytterligare, till dess att idén är godkänd och företaget är redo för att börja utveckla samt investera i projektet. I litteraturen anses denna fas som kritisk därför att den är problematisk samt avgörande för företagets fortsatta aktiviteter inom FFE. Forskningen har visat att det finns ett samband, att om företaget effektiviserar FFE bidrar det till framgång för den nya produkten. Det finns liten förståelse vad som verkligen försiggår i FFE fasen och i denna Litteratur Review har 12 stycken teman identifieras för att redogöra för FFE.

The purpose of this essay is to examine the Swedish people?s level of knowledge about crowdfunding and their incentives and deterrents to crowdfunding investments. Early on crowdfunding was divided into two objectives: reward based and equity based crowdfunding. The division of objectives is logical due to the differencing conditions of the motivation for investors to invest. Supported by theories in crowdfunding incentives, commitment-trust, the prospect theory, and the diffusion of Innovations, we aim to establish a comprehensive line of reasoning to support our model of motivation in the conclusive chapter.The results of this essay were achieved by a combined method.

Rökdykning inom räddningstjänsten är ett av de farligaste arbetsförhållandena som för tillfället råder i Sverige, och med den mängd svårigheter som de ofta stöter på under utryckningar är det en bra organisation att göra en Innovationsprocess på. I detta examensarbete har en Innovationsprocess tillämpas på räddningstjänstens arbetsmiljö för att därigenom se om en lösning på ett problem kunde ske. Målet var att utveckla en lösning som underlättar räddningstjänstens problem i skarpa lägen. Tillvägagångssättet delades upp i tre steg för att nå resultatet. Först söktes ett problem som valdes ut, men även en omvärldsanalys genomgicks för att få kunskap om de kringgående faktorerna. En idé-generering gjordes för att lösa detta problem, av idéerna skapades koncept som i största mån försökt fylla räddningstjänstens krav. I nästa steg valdes det koncept som ansågs bäst lämpad att lösa problemet, som sedan realiserades till en prototyp i steg nummer tre.

Denna rapport redovisar examensarbetet ?Tjejer med Flyt? vid Innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet på Karlstads universitet. Arbetet omfattar 20p per student och innefattar alla steg i produktutvecklingen från projektbeställning till färdig prototyp.Projektet har utförts i samarbete med Baltic Safety Produkts AB. Företaget är europaledande inom flytvästtillverkning och har identifierat ett behov på marknaden av flytvästar utformade för kvinnor.Uppdraget har varit att ta fram ett förslag på en dammodell till Baltics sortiment av flytvästar. Produkten avser ett allroundflytplagg i 50 N klassen, storlek M, 50-70kg.

Near Field Communication, NFC, is a short-range wireless communication technology that enables data exchange between devices in a secure way. A NFC phone has the potential to enable the convergence of wallet, phone and keys, but as many other technological Innovations, the launch is struggling. We have discovered that technological innovation is only the first step. For an innovation to be adapted, there need to be business model innovation too. Many actors form the ecosystem of NFC and the business model for each service is still an unsolved problem.

The single market is one of the underlying ideas of the European Union. Free movement of goods and efficient competition are central for the function of the union and are therefore carefully protected by the Treaty of Rome. Exclusive rights of trademarks in the EU can be seen as a method of dividing the common market, preventing the free movement of goods and to be anti-competitive. What comes out of this is that there is a conflict between exclusive rights of trademarks and the rules of both free movement of goods and competition. The aim of this work is to see in which kind of situations the exclusive rights of trademarks can be a part of this conflict but also to study how this problem is resolved by the European Court.

The purpose with this report was to compare three commonly occurring methods for measuring plant available nitrogen in soils. The methods extraction, incubation and Plant root simulator (PRS) probe - an ion exchange membrane (Western Ag Innovations, Inc., Saskatoon, Canada) method were used and comparison between these methods were conducted. A full factorial experiment were set up in northern Finland with the treatments excluding herbivores, warming and fertilization to see how the inorganic nitrogen content in the soil was effected by the treatments. Soil cores were taken and from them a subsample was incubated for 18 days and thereafter analyzed for inorganic N in laboratory. PRS- probes were in the ground for 1 month.