The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable molecular-genetic method to determine the different species of helicobacter in dogs. The study is part of a larger project to map the prevalence of Helicobacter spp in healthy and sick dogs in Sweden, and to determine the possible connection of Helicobacter spp infection with gastrointestinal diseases in dogs. Several published studies have reported on the prevalence of Helicobacter spp in dogs. The problem is that three of the most common species are so alike that a 16SrRNA-PCR with sequencing is not able to differentiate between them. In this study, DNA has been purified from samples and then a Multiplex PCR has been performed. Multiplex PCRs use multiple primers in one single PCR.

As an effect of increased living standards and improved health care, life expectancy has risen in many parts of the world. At the same time, welfare diseases such as diabetes and obesity increases. As the number of elderly and long-term sick rises, so will the medical care needs. E-health applications are often presented as a way to meet future medical and doing so within the scope of existing resources. By facilitating health communication and widen access to health services by offering them online, e-health applications encourages people to become more engaged in their own health, thus working proactively towards a healthier population.

The level of cadmium (Cd) in Swedish arable land has increased during the last century and the average concentration of Cd in the plough layer is today 0.23 mg/kg. The increase is mainly due to anthropogenic activities such as phosphorus fertilizing, liming, import of feed, and atmospheric deposition from industrial emissions. Cadmium in the soil will be taken up by crops and is thereby transferred to humans via food. Carrot is one of the crops of concern, both because it may contain quite high Cd concentrations and due to the large consumption in Sweden. In the body, Cd is stored mainly in the liver and the kidneys and may cause several diseases already at low concentrations.

ABSTRACTTitle ?Trying to stay healthy as long as possible and being in motion?Titel ?Försöka hålla sig frisk så länge som möjligt och vara i rörelse?Author Martina SkoglundInstitute Institution For Health ScienceTutor Konstantin KougiomtzisDate 2014-06-05No. of pages 39Keywords Elder, Health, Healthy aging, Physical activity, SOCSummaryBackground: Thanks to advances in healthcare recent decades life expectancy have increased steadily. In order not to put pressure on the healthcare service we as a society need to think in terms of salutogenetic and health promotion. Research has shown that physical activity has great effects to healthy aging.

BackgroundIncreased prevalence of obesity in children- and young adults and risk for diseases related to obesity will increase the burden on medical care. It is important to identify early risk factors that can be noticed by nurses in the daily work.AimThe aim was to investigate whether children- and young adults themselves perceive overweight as a problem and if there was a difference in the measured activity levels between overweight children- and young adults in families with different socio-economic family status.Method descriptionExisting survey from the Obesity Centre at the Akademiska Sjukhuset were examined together with the results from an accelerometer, where children- and young adults activity was recorded, compared to their perception of how active they were. The results were compared using a statistical software program and compiled with descriptive and non-parametric statistics.ResultsThe results do suggest that the majority of children- and young adults experiencing excessive weight have a problem in their everyday lives. Nearly half overestimate themselves as more active than what the actual measurements with accelerometer demonstrated. Much time is spent in front of the TV and computers.

Icke steroida antiinflammatoriska läkemedel (non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) är en stor grupp läkemedel som har antiinflammatoriska, smärtstillande och febernedsättande effekter. Verkningsmekanism är att de hämmar enzymet cyklooxygenas (COX) vilket är det första enzym som omvandlar arakidonsyra till bland annat prostaglandiner (PG). Det finns flera isozymer av COX, varav COX-1 och COX-2 är de vanligaste målenzymen för NSAIDs. PG är involverade i flertalet viktiga processer i kroppen exempelvis smärta, feber och inflammation. NSAIDs kan grovt delas in i två grupper, traditionella icke-selektiva substanser som hämmar både COX-1 och COX-2 (oftast är substanserna mer selektiva för COX-1) samt coxiber som är selektiva för COX-2.

SummaryHerbal remedies have been used for many years to alleviate various symptoms. They were used in ritual acts to reassure the Gods and as medication. Plants as rhubarb and ginseng were used in China long time ago. The Egyptians had knowledge of herbal medicine such as aloe, myrrh and henbane, 1550 BC. The father of medicine Hippocrates used a large number of herbal medicines, and had many theories on the subject.Different parts of the plant can be used to extract the active ingredients.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrundEn del av företagssköterskans arbetsuppgifter är att arbeta förebyggande och se olika typer av problematik som finns hos arbetstagare och arbetsgivare. Omvårdnad av människan ska stå i fokus och rikta sig mot arbetslivet där en säker och god omvårdnad ges (SOU 2011:63). Vibrationsexponering av händer och åtföljande effekter utgör ett betydande arbetsmedicinskt problem där kyrkvaktmästare utgör en exponerad yrkesgrupp.SyfteSyftet med studien var att kartlägga besvär i händer och armar hos kyrkvaktmästare och deras kunskaper kring riskerna med vibrationsexponering.Metod 50 kyrkvaktmästare besvarande två enkäter, en om symtom och en om arbetsmiljö vid vibrationsexponering av handhållna verktyg och dess risker och skador. Resultatet presenterades som deskriptiva data.Resultat Köldkänsla 40 %, vita fingrar 38 % och kramp 38 % var de vanligaste symtomen. Symtom var vanligare bland dem som arbetat minst 10 år i vibrations exponerade arbete.De hade lite kunskap om riskerna med arbetet.

The rise in prevalence and severity of obesity and related diseases imposes increasing costs on society. The objective of this thesis is to discuss and estimate the possible effects of a so-called fat tax as a tool for minimizing these costs. Two alternatives for differentiation of the value-added tax (VAT) on food are compared. The first alternative is an increase of the VAT levied on food containing saturated fatty acids. The second alternative is a subsidy on fruit and vegetables in the form of a VAT at zero percent, instead of today?s twelve percent.

During the summer of 2005 a number of steer producers in Skåne, Sweden, found that their animals graded less favourable according to the EUROP carcass grading system when slaughtered, than ordinary. The aim with this project was to determine factors that affects the production result in steer production and to find the reason to the lower classification. The project was initiated by Anita Persson, LRF, Skåne and was preformed with supervision from Ingemar Olsson, SLU, and Jens Fjelkner, Skånesemin. Ten producers of dairy steers located in Skåne was chosen for this study. The producers were interviewed to collect information about their steer production with respect to their planning and results.

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is an immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes and is one of the most common haematological diseases diagnosed in dogs. The haemolysis is a type II immunoreaction and is initiated by IgG or IgM antibodies or complements. This retrospective study includes 63 dogs suffering from primary IMHA. The study was based on information from records from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences in Uppsala and from the Animal Hospital in Strömsholm. The aim of the study was to evaluate the progress of the disease, treatment and the prognostic factors in different breeds, gender and age. Following criteria were used for the dogs to be allowed in the study: the dogs were diagnosed with anaemia, the anaemia was regenerative and autoagglutination and/or spherocytes were seen in the blood. About 50 % of the dogs in the study were diagnosed with IMHA within 2-6 years of age. Wire-haired dachshund was remarkably one of the most common breeds in this study together with Cocker and Springer spaniel.

Floor surface in pig facilities can have an impact on animal welfare and pig health, as it can cause the pig physical damage and thereby increased risk of infectious diseases and lameness. The development of pig housing systems has resulted in a decreased use of bedding. It seems hard to find the optimal floor in farrowing pens, as it must suit both the sow and piglets. The floor friction needs to be adequate to avoid slips and at the same time should the floor be non-abrasive. Abrasions and lesions caused by the floor are not only causing the animal suffering, but are also negative from an economical aspect.

Syfte: Undersöka preventivmedelsanvändning, sexuellt riskbeteende gällande könssjukdomar och oönskade graviditeter samt skillnader i sexuellt riskbeteende mellan olika ursprung, självförtroende och ålder vid sexuell debut hos kvinnor i åldern 14-31 år. Metod: En enkätundersökning, konsekutivt urval, utförd på RFSU-kliniken under år 2011 inkluderade 419 kvinnor. Resultat: Kondom var det vanligaste preventivmedlet vid första samlaget och p-piller var vanligast vid senaste samlaget. Nästan hälften, 48,7 %, hade haft en könssjukdom, klamydia var vanligast. Över hälften, 60,2 %, hade riskerat att få en könssjukdom och 45,6 % hade riskerat att bli oönskat gravid under de senaste tolv månaderna.

Abstract. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine certain health, demographic and socioeconomic factors that affect the costs for specialized health care between the municipalities within the Västra Götaland region. Method: The method is explorative and analytical. The costs for specialized health care was divided into three different subgroups; independent somatic specialized health care, specialized health care provided by private practices or outside the region and psychiatric specialized health care. The data was age-standardized.

Växtligheten på dagens kyrkogårdar har i regel knappt en 100?200-årig historia. Det var i slutet av 1800-talet som kyrkogården efterhand fick det utseende som vi förknippar med en gammal kyrkogård, med höga kyrkogårdsträd och en kyrkogårdsmur.Det trädsortiment som har använts i trädkransen som inramar kyrkogården eller trädrader längs gångar, har varit begränsat beroende på traditioner och trädens lämplighet. Man valde ofta arter utifrån de lokala förutsättningarna, såsom alm, lind, lönn och björk. Under en längre tid har sjukdomar på en del trädarter brett ut sig och hotar trädbestånden på våra kyrkogårdar.